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Results for “Colostrum”

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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

[Importance of saliva and colostrum in leukemia transmission in cattle].

Studied was the occasional role played by the saliva of leukotic cows in the transmission of the infection to test lambs along with the role of colostrum as a factor neutralizing the leukosis virus in experimentally infected lambs. It was found that bovine leukosis could be transmitted by the saliva of affected animals. Colostrum that contained hightiter specific antibodies was found to be effective in neutralizing the leukosis virus in newborn calves provided no subsidiary infection took place.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Transformation of human colostrum lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus and the production of IgA in culture.

Human colostrum lymphocytes obtained on day 2-5 after delivery were found to be as susceptible to transformation with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as peripheral lymphocytes. An enzymelinked immunosorbent assay showed that the proportion of transformed cells producing IgA, IgG, and IgM varied from colostrum specimen to specimen. 1 microgram/ml of IgA could be produced by freshly transformed cell mixture. But the capacity to produce IgA was lost or decreased by one order of magnitude during and after cloning of producing cells; the highest production with cloned cell cultures was about 0.2 micrograms/ml. Immunofluorescence staining of IgA-positive cells showed instability of the capacity of transformed cells to produce IgA.

Cell Transformation, Viral↗

PubMed1984

Branch specificity of bovine colostrum and calf thymus UDP-Gal: N-acetylglucosaminide beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase.

The branch specificity of bovine colostrum and calf thymus UDP-Gal:N-acetylglucosaminide beta-1----4-galactosyltransferase toward several branched oligosaccharides, which form part of the complex-type N-glycans of glycoproteins, was investigated. A novel method was used based on acetolysis of the bi[14C,3H] galactosylated oligosaccharide products formed by the enzymes in vitro and analysis of the acetolysis fragments by high-pressure liquid chromatography. It could be established that the galactosylation of different oligosaccharide branches occurred in a preferred order. No difference in branch specificity was observed between the soluble bovine colostrum galactosyltransferase and the enzyme that had been solubilized from calf thymus membranes. A preferential pathway for the biosynthesis of bisialylated biantennary glycans is proposed.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Serum and colostrum antibody to Pasteurella species in dairy cattle.

A survey of antibody to Pasteurella haemolytica and P multocida, using a fluorometric immunoassay, was conducted on sera collected from 264 dairy cattle from 3 herds. Serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were 0 to 270 with low titers (less than 25) seen in 48.1% of the cows and heifers. Serum antibody titers to P multocida were 0 to 380 and the frequency of distribution of these titers were more even than for P haemolytica. Mean serum antibody titers to P haemolytica were significantly (P less than 0.005) higher in cattle from an open dairy herd when compared with those from 2 closed herds. Antibody titers to these organisms was determined in 7 colostrum samples. Pasteurella haemolytica antibody titers varied, depending on the whey separation technique used. Passive transfer of colostrum-derived antibody in 5 neonatal calves resulted in a maximum mean serum antibody titer at 20 hours after birth for P haemolytica and at 8 hours after birth for P multocida. Serum titers were higher overall for P multocida than for P haemolytica. Serum titers for P haemolytica declined rapidly. A significant (P less than 0.05) increase in antibody to P multocida was observed at 5 days of age.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

A factor present in human milk, but not colostrum, which is cytotoxic for human lymphocytes.

This study reports the presence of a factor in human milk which is cytotoxic to both autologous and heterologous human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cytotoxic effect was measured by the release of 51Cr from labelled cells or by the inability of PBMC to exclude trypan blue following exposure to milk. The cytotoxic factor was not dialysable or sensitive to heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min, and could not be adsorbed from milk by PBMC. It lysed lymphocytes harvested from colostrum and from autologous or heterologous milk. The cytotoxic factor in the milk was different from the factor found in colostrum which inhibits the proliferation of mitogen stimulated PBMC, but which is not cytotoxic. Testing of serial samples of milk from the same mother indicated that the factor could be detected in the milk after 3-4 days post partum. We conclude that factors cytotoxic for human PBMC appear in human milk early in lactation.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed1982

Short-term cultivation of human mammary tumors and normal mammary glands in medium containing human colostrum milk.

A short-term cultivation of human mammary tumors and normal mammary glands was attempted in order to establish a reproducible method for their cultivation. Epithelial cells could be cultivated consistently by the use of collagenase for tissue dissociation and the addition of insulin, human colostrum milk and cholera toxin to the culture medium. Human colostrum milk seemed to be a good additive for the growth of mammary epithelial cells but not for that of fibroblastic cells.

Breast↗

PubMed1982

[Behavior of antibodies against Enterobacteriaceae common antigen in the serum and colostrum of sows immunized with Escherichia coli].

Specific anti-O E. coli and anti-CA (common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae) hemagglutinins were titrated in sera and colostrum of sows immunized against colibacillosis. Pregnant sows had been immunized with vaccines prepared in different ways on Escherichia coli 0115:K88 (pathogenetic strain in the environment of the farm) for 2-3 weeks before parturition. The vaccines were given orally--the suspension of living bacteria; intramuscularly--formaline killed E. coli 0115:K88 or extract obtained by treating the bacteria mass with EDTA buffer. Samples of sera and colostrum were taken 24 hours after parturition and were titrated by means of the passive hemagglutination test performed on plastic trays. With the increase of specific anti-O antibody, a simultaneous rise of anti CA antibody level was observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Comparison of a number of parameters in the blood of lambs reared in normal conditions with those in the blood of lambs reared free from maedi on bovine colostrum (author's transl)].

The results of examination of the blood in a group of lambs reared free from maedi on bovine colostrum were compared with those in a group of controls reared in normal conditions. Examination of the blood included determination of the concentration of haemoglobin, the haematocrit, white cell counts, platelet counts, the total lipid level, the concentration of protein in the serum and the protein pattern of the serum. The group of experimental animals and that of the controls were found to show only minor differences as regards these constituents. The studies showed that lambs are capable of adequately absorbing the immunoglobulins of bovine colostrum.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1981

Effects of colostrum on summit metabolic rate in Scottish blackface lambs at five hours old.

The feeding of colostrum to newborn lambs led to a 17 to 20 per cent increase in summit metabolic rate estimated at five hours of age. This increase would significantly enhance the survival potential of the newborn lamb in the field. Respiratory quotient during summit metabolism and changes in plasma composition suggested that the carbohydrate content of the colostrum was a major contributor to the increase in summit metabolic rate.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Trypsin inhibitor in sow colostrum and its function.

A short review is given on physical, chemical, biochemical, physiological, and functional properties of sow colostrum trypsin inhibitor. Special interest is concentrated on the physiological variations in colostrum and milk, and in serum and urine from suckling piglets. Possible significance of the inhibitor in relation to pathology is suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on the antibacterial activity of complement, antibodies, and lactoferrin and transferrin in bovine colostrum.

The effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin on antibacterial factors in bovine colostrum has been studied. Endogenous complement in colostrum was extremely sensitive to both enzymes. IgM was attacked by chymotrypsin but not by trypsin. Trypsin slowly attacked IgG1, causing loss of biological activity due to cleavage of both light and heavy chains. IgG1 was only very slightly attacked by chymotrypsin. Lactoferrin and transferrin in the iron-free state were both susceptible to proteolysis, but the iron saturated forms were more resistant and tended to give rise to stable iron-binding fragments.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Vaccination trial against Aujeszky's disease: development of antibody titers in sow serum, colostrum and the serum of suckling piglets and the influence of maternal antibodies on the serologic vaccination reaction of weaned piglets].

In two vaccination trials the influence of different vaccination schedules of gifts on the colostral immunity of their offspring and the influence of maternally derived antibodies on the active formation of antibodies after vaccination in weanlings were tested. It could be shown, that vaccination of gifts 6 and 3 weeks prior to farrowing led to higher blood levels of maternally derived antibodies in their offspring than vaccination earlier during gestation or prior to mating. Correlation between antibody level of sow, colostrum and offspring was good, the halflife of the antibodies was 11.3 days. Low levels of maternally derived antibodies did not influence the active formation of antibodies after vaccination, higher levels reduced antibody-formation, but did not suppress it completely. Sow colostrum and blood of piglets are generally adequate substrates for the serologic control of breeding units regarding Aujeszky's disease. Existing problems are mentioned. The results of this study are discussed concerning their importance for the eradication of Aujeszky's disease with vaccination programs.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[The "waiting period" for follow-up administration of bovine colostrum to newborn lambs].

Extent and duration of the permeability of the small intestine of newborn lambs for intact proteins from cow's colostrum was analyzed in five groups of animals. Cow's colostrum in quantities of 200 ml/kg birth weight, was offered in 3-hr intervals for 24 hrs, beginning either immediately after birth or after fasting, for 12 and 24 hrs respectively. In two groups each either 5% glucose solution or saline was offered to the fasting animals. The following results were obtained: 1. All lambs fed immediately after birth drank eagerly. The intake in all fasting groups dropped between 12 and 24 hrs of the feeding period. 2. While the duration of the permeation of the small intestine for intact proteins remained unaffected by the various regimens, fasting with or without supplementation decreased the maxima. 3. The decrease in protein permeation was class-depending as demonstrated by the lower levels of bovine IgM in the sera of fasting lambs. 4. The permeability of the small intestine for proteins was substantially reduced by 5% glucose. The difference between fasting lambs or lambs with saline substitution was minimal. 5. All lambs fed immediately after birth survived. The losses in the other groups amounted to 29% after 12 hrs of starving, 33% after 24 hrs of starving, 30% after starving with glucose supplementation and 50% after saline solution. 6. The surviving animals showed no differences in weight gain.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Hemolytic complement activity and concentrations of its third component during maturation of the immune response in colostrum-deprived foals.

Six foals were deprived of colostrum for the first 36 hours after birth and, instead, received reconstituted powdered milk. Five control foals suckled their dams naturally. Blood samples were obtained from all the foals after birth and at approximately weekly intervals until at least 5.5 months of age. Sera were analyzed for hemolytic complement activity, complement component C3, and correlating IgG concentration. Hemolytic complement (P = 0.0145) and C3 (P = 0.0002) values were significantly higher in colostrum-deprived foals (CDF) than in naturally nursed foals at 2 to 5 days of age. In addition, significantly (P = 0.0149) higher IgG concentration was found in CDF than in naturally nursed foals between 3 and 5.5 months of age. It was concluded that the observed high complement activity in CDF within 2 to 5 days of age may provide an alternative in immune defense for IgG-deprived foals after failure of colostral transfer.

Aging↗

PubMed1993

Immunosuppressive activity of some peptides related to cycloamanide A (CyA A) and to the active fragment of a peptide immunomodulator from ovine colostrum.

A series of linear and cyclic hexapeptides, consisting of: Phe-Phe-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, Tyr-Phe-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, Phe-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, D-Phe-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, D-Tyr-Phe-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, D-Tyr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala, c-(Phe-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala-), c-(Tyr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala-) was synthesized and examined for the influence on humoral immune response by the plaque forming cell test. The peptides are related to Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Phe-Pro hexapeptide (an active fragment of immunomodulatory polypeptide found in sheep colostrum) and to the retro-sequence of cycloamanide A, a peptide immunosuppressor present in the mushroom Amanita phalloides. We found that substitution of one or both phenylalanine residues of the linear retro-sequence of cycloamanide A by tyrosine, enhances the immunosuppressive activity of the peptide. The inversion of configuration of N-terminal aromatic residues preserves the immunosuppressive activity. However, in this case, application of higher doses of the peptides decreases their activity. The highest immunosuppressive potency was found for Phe-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala hexapeptide, which is most closely related to the active fragment of a peptide immunomodulator from the ovine colostrum, investigated by us previously.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1975

Dog immunoglobulins. I. immunochemical characterization of dog serum, parotid saliva, colostrum, milk and small bowel fluid.

The levels of immunoglobulins A, M and G were measured in dog serum, colostrum, milk, parotid saliva and small bowel fluid using the single radial immunodiffusion method. All the external secretions except early colostrum, by contrast with serum, were found to be rich in IgA with small quantities of IgM and IgG. Exocrine immunoglobulins were partially characterized by gel filtration.

Absorption↗

PubMed1977

Purification of a sialyltransferase from bovine colostrum by affinity chromatography on CDP-agarose.

CDP-hexanolamine agarose was used as an affinity adsorbent to purify a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: beta-D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) from bovine colostrum. Upon binding of the enzyme to the adsorbent, elution is achieved either nonspecifically, with 0.5 to 1.0 M sodium chloride, or specifically, with CDP. A highly purified sialyltransferase is obtained with a specific activity 440,000 times that of whole colostrum. Fractionation of the purified enzyme by gel filtration gives two species with different molecular weights but equal specific activities toward asialo-alpha1-acid glycoprotein (26.0 to 28.0 micronmol/min/mg of enzyme). The molecular weights of these two forms are about 56,000 and 43,000 as judged by sodium doedcyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibrium, and gel filtration. The catalytic properties of both forms have been examined (Paulson, J. C., Rearick, J. I., and Hill, R. L. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2363-2371). It is concluded that the lower molecular weight form may be a partially degraded species of the enzyme of higher molecular weight.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The use of preserved colostrum for rearing replacement dairy calves: calf performance, economics and on-farm practicability in Kenya.

A total of 133 observations on mean daily mass gains from 19 calves reared on either whole milk (control) or preserved colostrum (treatment) were estimated. The control group had a total of 104 observations computed, while the treatment group had a total of 29 observations. There was no significant difference in the overall mean daily mass gains between the treatment and control groups which were 0.2257 and 0.3607 kg, respectively (P < 0.1). Partial budgeting analysis estimated that with an annual calf crop of 80 calves, the use of preserved colostrum would result in a direct saving of an estimated US$1,800 per year for the farm.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗