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PubMed1983

Recommendations for prevention of neonatal ophthalmia. Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

Without preventive measures, gonococcal ophthalmia will develop in approximately 28% of infants born to women with gonorrhea, a disease that is relatively frequent and largely asymptomatic in pregnant women. In addition, in some settings conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may be more frequent than gonococcal conjunctivitis among neonates. The Canadian Paediatric Society therefore recommends that, as soon as possible after birth, all infants receive prophylaxis with silver nitrate, tetracycline or erythromycin, administered according to specific guidelines.

Conjunctivitis, Inclusion↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal eye infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Neonatal conjunctivitis associated with Chlamydia trachomatis has been known since the beginning of the century. Isolation of chlamydiae in eggs, in conjunctivitis of newborns, and from the cervix of their mothers was achieved in the late 1950s. In volunteers, inoculations of ocular and genital strains caused conjunctivitis. Recent studies have shown that incidence figures of chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants are 0.5% to 4%, depending on the prevalence of genital infections by C. trachomatis in the pregnant women in the population studied. Younger women are more at risk. Recurrent, chronic infection and late sequelae may occur unless neonatal chlamydial infection, which is often multifocal, is effectively treated. Serious sequelae of chlamydial infection include pneumonia, which may develop in infants, and post-partum salpingitis, which may occur in infected mothers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infant delivered by cesarean section.

Neonatal Chlamydia trachomatis infection is thought to be acquired as a result of contact with infected cervical secretions during vaginal delivery. An infant, delivered by cesarean section, who was infected with C trachomatis has been described. At 31 days of age he had conjunctivitis and respiratory distress. Nasopharyngeal aspirate grew C trachomatis and serum IgM antibody titer was 1:32 for serotype J. The patient's mother had serum IgG antibody against C trachomatis serotype J. Her cervical culture was negative for Chlamydia; however, cultures were not taken until two months after delivery and she had received antibiotics for postpartum fever and abdominal pain. The literature has been reviewed and possible modes of transmission have been discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Erythromycin ointment for ocular prophylaxis of neonatal chlamydial infection.

We compared the efficacy of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment vs 1% silver nitrate drops for the prevention of neonatal conjunctivitis or respiratory tract infection from Chlamydia trachomatis. The organism was isolated from the cervix of 67 (12%) of 572 pregnant women. They gave birth to 559 infants who were randomly assigned to either prophylaxis immediately after birth. Thirty-six of 60 infants born to Chlamydia-positive women received silver nitrate; 24 received erythromycin. Twelve (33%) of the 36 infants who received silver nitrate had chlamydial conjunctivitis, but none of the 24 infants who received erythromycin did. Ten (29%) of 36 infants receiving silver nitrate had chlamydial nasopharyngeal infection (three later had pneumonia), as opposed to five (21%) of 24 who received erythromycin (one had pneumonia). Thus, erythromycin ointment is effective in prevention of chlamydial conjunctivitis, but it may not reduce nasopharyngeal infection or subsequent pneumonia.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗