PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Elimination Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Phototherapeutic keratectomy in children: 5-year results.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for the treatment of superficial corneal opacities, surface irregularities, epithelial instability, and reepithelialization failure in pediatric patients and study the visual and refractive changes after combined PTK and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Masaryk University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic. METHODS: This retrospective clinical study comprised children who had PTK or PTK combined with PRK from September 1996 to January 2000. The goals of treatment were to improve visual acuity and reduce or eliminate subjective ocular discomfort (eg, pain, lacrimation, and photophobia). A Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser was used in PTK mode with a 3.0 to 6.0 mm optical zone and a 4.0 to 7.5 mm transition zone. RESULTS: Forty-one pediatric patients (41 eyes) were included. Twenty-three eyes had PTK only, and 18 eyes had PTK combined with PRK to reduce preoperative myopia (11 eyes) or hyperopia (7 eyes). The mean patient age was 11.4 years (range 8 to 18 years) and the mean follow-up, 4.8 years (range 3 to 6 years). The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved in all patients, and episodes of ocular pain or discomfort, lacrimation, and photophobia diminished. The mean preoperative BSCVA of 6/38 (range 6/10 to 1/60) improved to 6/12 (range 6/6 to 6/38) at the last postoperative examination. Eight eyes gained 5 or more Snellen lines of BSCVA; 11 gained 4 lines, 9 gained 3 lines, 7 gained 2 lines, 5 gained 1 line, and 1 eye was unchanged. No eye lost a line of BSCVA. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) decreased from -5.32 to -1.16 diopters (D) in the 11 myopic eyes and from +4.72 to +1.51 D in the 7 hyperopic eyes within 3 years of the combined procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Phototerapeutic keratectomy is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of various surface corneal disorders in children. It can improve best corrected visual acuity and eliminate ocular pain and irritation. Preoperative myopia and hyperopia were effectively reduced by a combination of PTK and PRK.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follicular and perforating disorders.

Pathologic changes associated with hair follicles include infundibular hyperkeratosis, inflammation, mucinous degeneration and transepidermal elimination of foreign material. Because of the focal nature of the pathologic changes multiple sections are often useful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Folliculitis↗
PubMed2006

rTMS for PTSD: induced merciful oblivion or elimination of abnormal hypermnesia?

Neuroimaging studies and experimental data suggest that symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with dysfunctions of neural circuits linking prefrontal cortex and the limbic system that have a role in autobiographic episodic memory. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been suggested to be beneficial to patients with PTSD, transiently alleviating re-experiencing as well as avoidance reactions and associated anxiety symptoms. In healthy humans, converging evidence suggests that rTMS of the right DLPFC interferes with episodic memory retrieval. Hence, we hypothesize that daily applications of rTMS in PTSD patients may reduce access to the set of autobiographical stored events, that, if re-experienced, may cause the overt PTSD symptoms.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

Association between TMD treatment need, sick leaves, and use of health care services for adults.

The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between need for treatment of temporomandibular disorders, sick leaves, and use of health care services in a study population of 441 adults born between 1927 and 1967. The findings indicated that these were strongly associated. The results were in agreement with earlier studies suggesting that stomatognathic disorders are one link between medicine and dentistry in health care. Subjects with temporomandibular disorders were significantly more often on sick leave, visited a physician more often, and had more physiotherapy and massage than subjects who did not need treatment for temporomandibular disorders. Intervention studies are needed to improve cooperation between different specialties, to eliminate unnecessary examinations as well as ineffective treatment modalities, and to decrease the cost of health care.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comorbidity.

We review recent research on the prevalence, causes, and effects of diagnostic comorbidity among the most common groups of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders; anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, and substance abuse. A meta-analysis of representative general population studies provides estimates of the strength of associations between pairs of disorders with narrower confidence intervals than have previously been available. Current evidence convincingly eliminates methodological factors as a major cause of comorbidity. We review the implications of comorbidity for understanding the development of psychopathology and for nosology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical methodology for testing of anxiolytic drugs.

Diagnostic criteria and classification are changing. It is no longer acceptable to include patients with a general diagnosis of any anxiety, or neurotic anxiety. Regardless of the reference system used, DSM IV or ICD 10, anxiety disorders are now detailed in separate entities. General anxiety disorder, GAD, which is pivotal for the evaluation of new products, can only be claimed after the elimination of all the others, and is relatively rare. The inclusion of such outpatients is further complicated, as comorbidity is frequently associated with GAD--alcoholism, major depression, dysthymia, personality disorders, somatic disease likely to interfere with patient evaluation--and leads to exclusions, and also because the requested duration for the syndrome, prior to inclusion, is six months, which means six months without psychotropic drugs, including excessive alcohol consumption. As to patient evaluation, the reference scale remains the HAM-A. It should show a score above 20 at baseline. It has been designed to assess the level of anxiety of patients presenting with the diagnosis of anxiety, but not the diagnosis of GAD, and, clearly, in relation to the expected results obtained with BZD, which are still the standard reference drugs. The same is true for the other investigator scales and self-rating scales. Moreover, the criteria defining clinical improvement are still discussed. More generally, clinical testing in comparison with placebo and reference drugs is particularly important for anxiolytic drugs. The optimal dose range should be investigated in phase I, evidence of sedative or disinhibiting effects, and in phase II, defining the minimal active dose. Longer duration of treatment should be scrutinized in phase III, in order to check on long-term efficacy, recurrences and relapses. The effects of drug withdrawal should also be studied: withdrawal syndrome, rebound, recurrence, dependence. It currently looks difficult to market new anxiolytic drugs, and clinical research mainly provides an extension of the indications for antidepressant drugs in anxiety.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1994

Food sensitive enteropathy: overview and update.

There are two types of food sensitive enteropathy; permanent and temporary. Celiac disease belongs to the former, the temporary food sensitive enteropathies of early childhood to the latter. A food sensitive enteropathy is characterized by an abnormal small intestinal mucosa while having the offending food in the diet; the abnormality is reversed by an elimination diet, only to recur once more on challenge with the relevant food. These disorders are temporary and may follow gastroenteritis. Cow's milk sensitive enteropathy is the most frequent and best known example but soy protein, egg, fish, chicken meat, ground rice and probably gluten may also temporarily damage the small intestinal mucosa in infancy. Treatment is with an elimination diet and protein hydrolysates as a cow's milk substitute. The reason why these enteropathies are temporary has not yet been established.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Strategies for the prevention of psychiatric disorder in primary care in south London.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the potential impact of high risk and population based approaches to the prevention of psychiatric disorder, using a representative sample of general practice attenders as the target population. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. SETTING: A health centre in south London. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and seven consecutive attenders aged 16-65, recruited at randomly selected general practice surgeries. MAIN RESULTS: A linear association was found between the number of different types of socioeconomic adversity reported at recruitment (T1) and the prevalence of psychiatric disorder one year later (T2). The population attributable fraction (PAF) for socioeconomic adversity at T1 was 37.4%. In theory, social interventions for high risk individuals at T1 would reduce the prevalence of psychiatric disorder at T2 by 9% at most, compared with a reduction of 18% if just one item of socioeconomic adversity were eliminated among those with any socioeconomic risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Social interventions targeted at individuals at highest risk of the most common mental disorders are likely to be extremely limited in their capacity to reduce the prevalence of these conditions. A population based risk reduction strategy, modified according to individual risk, represents a potentially feasible and effective alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Age-related distance esotropia.

PURPOSE: To describe a form of acquired esotropia occurring in older adults, which here is termed age-related distance esotropia. METHODS: A retrospective consecutive case series of 26 patients with this condition was reviewed. RESULTS: The patients ranged in age from 62 to 91 years old with a median age of 77 years. The distance deviation varied from 4 prism diopters (PD) ET (esotropia) to 20 PD ET, with a median angle of 9 PD ET. At near fixation, the measurements ranged from 9 PD ET' to 10 PD X' (exophoria), with a median deviation of 3 PD ET'. Ductions and versions were full, with no evidence of lateral rectus paresis. None of these patients had an obvious underlying neurologic disorder, such as tumor or stroke. Treatment consisted of prescribing the minimum prismatic correction that eliminated distance diplopia, which was then incorporated into the patients' current spectacles. This treatment successfully eliminated the symptoms in all patients. No patient in this study required surgery. CONCLUSION: A distinctive form of strabismus occurs in older adults that is characterized by esotropia greater at distance than near fixation. The etiology of this disorder is unknown, but it is likely secondary to anatomical changes in the orbit and/or muscles associated with aging. Most patients are readily corrected by prisms but, surgical correction might be required in some cases.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Dimensions of disordered attention in traumatic brain injury: further validation of the Moss Attention Rating Scale.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factor structure of disordered attention in moderate to severe, acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to use factor analysis and item response theory to further validate and refine an observational rating scale of attention for clinical and research purposes. DESIGN: Multicenter inception cohort. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation units. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with TBI (N=372) consecutively admitted to 8 Traumatic Brain Injury Model System centers within 2 weeks prior to observation, who consistently followed commands and who were on stable doses of all psychotropic medications for a 3-day rating period. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Participants were rated independently by treating occupational and physical therapists at an average of 1 month postinjury on the Moss Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a 45-item, Likert-type scale of attention-related behavior. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed 3 correlated factors of disordered attention, interpreted as restlessness/distractibility, initiation, and sustained/consistent attention. Item response (Rasch) analysis was used to eliminate redundant items and to fill gaps in item difficulty. The resulting MARS consists of 22 items that can produce 3 factor scores and a total score that covers the broad construct of disordered attention. CONCLUSIONS: The factor-scored MARS has potential utility as a quantitative observational method with which to assess and study different dimensions of disordered attention in acute TBI, and to monitor change over time and treatment response within these dimensions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in homeostasis after elimination of the cause of mechanical jaundice of non-neoplastic etiology by endoscopic methods].

Findings of the prospective examinations of 39 patients with mechanical jaundice of nontumoral genesis have shown that clinical and biochemical resolution of jaundice with the recovery of liver function come within 5 days after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy or continuous transnasal biliary drainage. A considerably decreased level of endotoxemia and indirect correction of volemic disorders were noted in parallel. Thus, bile passage is recovered and bile hypertension is eliminated against the background of endoscopic interventions on the major duodenal papilla which results in a considerably decreased risk of the coming radical operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Articular manifestations of renal osteodystrophy.

The relationship between hyperparathyroid bone disorders and chronic renal diseases has been studied extensively for a long period of time. Zvaifler and Bywaters are the first to emphasize articular manifestations in hyperparathyroidism. Sundaram has found 30% in 80 hemodialysis patients presenting with articular disorders in hands. We reviewed routine radiographs of 258 uremia patients retrospectively and found that 36 patients had typical X-ray presentations of renal osteodystrophy. Sixteen among them (44.44%) were noted with articular involvement. Fourteen patients involved axial joints including sacroiliac, acromio-clavicular, sternoclavicular and symphysis pubis in decreasing order. Appendicular joints involvement were found in 6 patients, patellofemoral joints and small joints of hands involvement in 4 patients respectively and hip and shoulder joints in each one patient. None of the 16 patients complained joint pain. Diagnosis is easy because of the uncommon presentations of joint disorders in uremic patients. However, more knowledge about articular manifestations of renal osteodystrophy may eliminate the unnecessary investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Mechanisms of altered Ca2+ signalling in transformed lymphoblastoid cells from patients with bipolar disorder.

Altered Ca2+ signalling has been reported in the platelets and lymphoblastoid cells of patients with bipolar disorder. Recent genetic studies have suggested possible pathophysiological roles for mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, both of which are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signalling. The goal of this study was to determine molecular mechanisms of altered intracellular Ca2+ signalling in bipolar disorder. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from patients with bipolar I disorder (n=13) and controls (n=11). Using Ca2+ indicators, cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ responses to the following three reagents were examined: platelet-activating factor; carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler that abolishes mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake; and thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor. The 10-5 M thapsigargin-induced cytosolic Ca2+ response was significantly higher in patients with bipolar disorder (p&0.05). Such difference was not seen when the effects of Ca2+ influx from outside the plasma membrane was eliminated using Ca2+-free measurement buffer. On the other hand, response to 10-7 M thapsigargin tended to be higher in patients with bipolar disorder when at the Ca2+-free conditions. CCCP-induced Ca2+ responses differed significantly between mitochondrial DNA 5178/10398 haplotypes (p=0.001) that had been previously reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. These results suggest that all components, i.e. the store-operated calcium channel (SOCC), endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, somehow contribute to the altered Ca2+ signalling in bipolar disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Estrogen and progestin treatment in postmenopause. Effects on the endometrium].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been well demonstrated that menopausal disorders resulting from the lack of estrogens may be delayed and partly eliminated by appropriate hormone replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the absolute innocuity of the association of estrogen and progestin. METHODS: The authors used an association of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxi-progesterone acetate to treat menopausal syndrome in 80 women aged between 48 and 55 years old. The study lasted 2 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained showed the good tolerability and marked efficacy of the drugs used, as well as the absolute innocuity in relation to the target organs, namely the breast and endometrium. No cases of endometrial hyperplasia with atypical development or malignant evolution were reported during the study and there was a significant improvement in lipid metabolism, vasomotor or psychomotive disorders, as well as increased trophism of the genitourinary tract and skeleton.

Breast↗