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PubMed1988

In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET): an established and successful therapy for endometriosis.

The purpose of this report is to present a 6-year experience in the management of endometriosis with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). We divided 136 patients who underwent 280 cycles into three groups: (1) previous history of endometriosis but normal pelvis at the time of oocyte retrieval, (2) stages I-II endometriosis (revised AFS classification), and (3) stages III-IV endometriosis. The stimulation protocols, estradiol (E2) responses, and distribution of terminal E2 patterns were similar in all groups. Group 3 had significantly fewer preovulatory and immature oocytes retrieved and fewer embryos transferred. The fertilization rate and the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates were similar in all groups. The miscarriage rate was higher in group 3, and the ongoing pregnancy rate per cycle was lower. Luteal phase E2 and progesterone levels were comparable in all groups. No differences were found when groups 2 and 3 were analyzed for the presence of one or two ovaries or the presence/absence of ovarian endometriosis. The overall fertilization rate, the per cycle/per transfer pregnancy rates, and the miscarriage rate were similar to those of tubal factor patients. We underscore the excellent outcome of patients with minimal or mild endometriosis in IVF/ET. We conclude that patients with moderate or severe endometriosis have a compromised reproductive potential, probably because of a reduced oocyte recovery rate and poor embryo quality.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1987

[Results of the use of nonsurgical embryo transfer in the breeding of heifers].

The results are analyzed of superovulation stimulation in the donors and the non-surgical embryo transfer in cattle. After superovulation induced by means of PMSG (Bioveta, Ivanovice in Haná) 6.2 and 6.3 ova and embryos were obtained, of which 66 to 70%, i. e. 4.2 and 4.3 embryos, respectively, were applicable in transfer. When the combination of PMSG with antigonadotropin (Antisergon, Bioveta, Ivanovice in Haná) was used, the embryos had somewhat better quality and their applicability was increased. After adjustment of the time of Antisergon administration the number of recovered ova and embryos was increased to 10.3 with 82.3% applicability (8.5 embryos per superovulation/donor). After super-ovulation stimulated with Folicotropin (Léciva, Praha) the yield of ova was 12.7, and 10.1 of the embryos (79.8%) were applicable. After the use of FSH-P (Burna-Biotec) 13.8 and 10.9 embryos were obtained per one superovulation. Non-surgical embryo transfer was performed in 1321 recipients over the last two years and a half. In 1984 the conception rate was 52.4%, in 1985 the average survival increased to 58.33% and in the first half of 1986 it reached 65.5%.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Two cases of systemic Candida glabrata infection following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Presented here are two cases of systemic Candida glabrata infection diagnosed in two expectant mothers and their fetuses at 34 and 22 weeks' gestation. The underlying risk factors in case 1 were in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, recurrent yeast vaginitis and two intravenous injections of betamethasone. The risk factors in case 2 were in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, recurrent yeast vaginitis, antibiotics for treatment of a urinary tract infection due to Morganella morganii and amniocentesis. In both cases, vaginal fluid yielded growth of a yeast that was not identified. Candida glabrata was isolated from samples obtained from the mothers and their babies. Since Candida glabrata lacks hyphae, membranitis and infection of the fetuses were demonstrated only on slides stained with Gomori Grocott and periodic acid-Schiff. Both cases suggest that for such pregnancies the follow-up of vaginal fluid should include the identification of any yeasts grown on selective Candida medium. In case of premature rupture of membranes, systematic sampling of mothers and their infants or fetuses should be associated with microscopic study of placentas, membranes and stillborn fetuses with Gomori Grocott and periodic acid-Schiff staining techniques.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Transfer of inner cell mass cells derived from bovine nuclear transfer embryos into the trophoblast of bovine in vitro-produced embryos.

Presence of placental tissues from more normal noncloned embryos could reduce the pregnancy failure of somatic cloning in cattle. In this study, inner cell mass (ICM) cells of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos was replaced with those of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos to reconstruct bovine blastocysts with ICM and trophoblast cells from NT and IVP embryos, respectively. A total of 65 of these reconstructed embryos were nonsurgically transferred to 20 recipient beef females. Of those, two females were diagnosed pregnant by ultrasonography on day 30 of gestation. One pregnancy was lost at 60-90 days of gestation, and the other recipient cow remained pregnant at day 240 of gestation; however, this female died on day 252 of gestation. Gross pathology of the internal organs of the recipient female, a large fetus, and a large placental tissue mass suggested the massive size of the fetus and placental tissue were likely involved in terminating the life of the recipient female. Biopsy samples were harvested from the skin of the dead recipient cow, the fetus and from cotyledonary tissue. Microsatellite DNA analysis of these samples revealed that the genotype of the fetus was the same as that of the NT donor cells and different from that of the recipient cow. Correspondingly, neither the fetus nor recipient cow had the same genotype with that of the fetal cotyledonary tissue. These results present the first known documented case of a bovine somatic NT pregnancy with nonclone placental tissues after transfer of a blastocyst reconstructed by a microsurgical method to exchange of ICM cells and trophoblast tissue between NT and IVP blastocysts.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Type 2 diabetes mellitus--genes or intrauterine environment? An embryo transfer paradigm in rats.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The familial predisposition to Type 2 diabetes mellitus is mediated by both genetic and intrauterine environmental factors. In the normal course of events, maternal genes always develop in the same uterus, thus restricting studies aimed at investigating the relative contribution of these factors. We have developed an embryo transfer paradigm in rats to overcome this difficulty. METHODS: Euglycaemic female Wistar rats were superovulated and mated with male Wistar rats. The following day, fertilised eggs were transferred into pseudo-pregnant female Wistar rats or hyperglycaemic Goto Kakizaki (GK) rats. Pregnancies were allowed to go to term. Offspring were weighed at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of age and an intravenous glucose tolerance test was carried out at 6 months of age. RESULTS: Offspring from Wistar into Wistar embryo transfers (n=20) were not significantly hyperglycaemic compared to the non-manipulated Wistar stock colony (n=26). However, offspring from Wistar gametes reared in hyperglycaemic GK mothers (n=51) were significantly lighter at 6 weeks of age (156+/-4.1 g vs 180+/-6.1 g [mean +/- SEM], p<0.01) and significantly more hyperglycaemic at 6 months of age (fasting glucose 6.6+/-0.18 mmol/l vs 4.8+/-0.21 mmol/l, mean blood glucose during glucose tolerance test 14.3+/-0.31 mmol/l vs 11.1+/-0.28 mmol/l, p<0.01) than Wistar gametes transferred back into euglycaemic Wistar mothers. When GK rats were superovulated and mated together, transfer of 1-day-old embryos into pseudo-pregnant Wistar dams did not alleviate hyperglycaemia in adult offspring. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In GK rats, a euglycaemic intrauterine environment cannot overcome the strong genetic predisposition to diabetes. However, in Wistar rats with a low genetic risk of diabetes, exposure to hyperglycaemia in utero significantly increases the risk of diabetes in adult life.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Purification of water for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether water obtained from the Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Mississauga, Canada) needed further purification for use in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. We describe a method for maintenance of the Milli-Q system. To assess water quality, alternate batches of culture media were prepared by using either Milli-Q water or Milli-Q water further treated by twice glass distillation. The percentage of mouse two-cell embryos that developed to blastocysts and the human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer pregnancy rates were recorded for each batch. There were no significant differences in the parameters examined, indicating that further purification by twice glass distillation is not necessary if the Milli-Q system has been maintained as outlined.

Culture Media↗

PubMed2002

A Wallace malleable stylet for difficult embryo transfer in an in vitro fertilization program: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of using a Wallace malleable stylet in combination with an Edwards-Wallace embryo replacement catheter in case of difficult embryo transfer (ET). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was used. The standard ET procedure at the clinic was to use a single tooth tenaculum, and a speculum to straighten the cervical canal prior to inserting the Edwards-Wallace embryo replacement catheter. In 205 of 2041 (10%) fresh ET difficulties were experienced during ET and a Wallace malleable stylet was used to place the outer catheter sheath correctly. This stylet transfer group was compared with a control transfer group of 410 ET performed just before and after each stylet transfer. RESULTS: No differences in number of transferred embryos, cleavage stage, or embryo morphology score were found between the two groups. We found no differences in implantation rates (20.7 and 19.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-1.5]) or delivery rates (29.3 and 25.4% [CI 0.8-1.8]) between the study and control group. CONCLUSION: Using a Wallace malleable stylet in combination with an Edwards-Wallace embryo replacement catheter in case of difficult ET has no negative impact on implantation and delivery rates.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effect of a CIDR insert and flunixin meglumine, administered at the time of embryo transfer, on pregnancy rate and resynchronization of estrus in beef cattle.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM), an inhibitor of PGF(2alpha) synthesis, and insertion of an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR), on pregnancy rates in beef cattle embryo transfer (ET) recipients, and to examine the effect of a CIDR after embryo transfer on the synchrony of the return to estrus in non-pregnant recipients. Cows (n=622) and heifers (n=90) at three locations were assigned randomly to one of four groups in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with FM administration (500 mg i.m.) 2-12 min prior to ET, and insertion of a CIDR (1.38 g progesterone) immediately following ET as main effects. Fresh or frozen embryos (Stage=4 or 5; Grade=1 or 2) were transferred on Days 6-9 of the estrous cycle and CIDR devices were removed 13 days after ET. Recipients at Location 2 only were observed for signs of return to estrus. Recipients that returned to estrus at Location 2 were either bred by AI or received an embryo 7 days after estrus. Following the initial ET, there was an FMxlocation interaction on pregnancy rate (P<0.01; Location 1, 89% versus 57%; Location 2, 69% versus 64%; Location 3, 64% versus 67% for FM versus no FM, respectively). Pregnancy rates of embryo recipients were not affected by CIDR administration (P>0.05; 65% with CIDR, 70% without CIDR), however, the timing of the return to estrus was more synchronous (P<0.01) for recipients given a CIDR. Pregnancy rate of recipients bred following a return to estrus did not differ between cows receiving or not receiving a CIDR for resynchronization (P>0.13). Effects of FM on pregnancy rate were location dependent and CIDR insertion at ET improved synchrony of the return to estrus.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed2004

[Microorganism contamination in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer system and their sources].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of microorganism contamination in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and to determine the sources of microorganism. METHODS: Two thousand one hundred and seventy-four cycles of in vitro fertilization from January 1999 to June 2003 were evaluated retrospectively and bacterial cultures were performed in 61 semen samples from asymptomatic men with normal semen parameters and in 34 follicle fluid samples from infertility women through oocyte picking up procedures. RESULTS: Microorganisms were found in 11 cases. The incidence of their contamination in IVF culture system was 0.51% and the most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli and fungi. Microorganisms were detected in 97% of unprocessed semen, 10% in processed semen, 6% in semen mixed with media and 9% in follicle fluid. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of microorganism contamination was 0.51% and the most common microorganisms were Escherichia coli and fungi. Semen may have the potential to contaminate IVF culture system.

Embryo Transfer↗

PubMed1997

The risks of disease transmission by embryo transfer in cattle.

Guidelines for the safe international movement of livestock embryos are provided in the International Animal Health Code of the Office International des Epizooties, and recommendations for embryo processing, based on numerous research papers on embryo-pathogen interaction studies, are given in the Manual of the International Embryo Transfer Society. Risk assessment is the logical extension of these approaches, since it provides veterinary authorities with a complete package of information on which to base their import/export decisions. Risk assessment includes evaluation of disease prevalence, effectiveness of Veterinary Services and competence of the embryo collection team. It also takes account of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease concerned. The application of risk assessment for embryo movement is illustrated in this paper by comparisons of the probabilities of transmitting foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and vesicular stomatitis by bovine embryos. The risk scenario pathway was divided into three phases for analysis. The first phase deals with the potential for embryo contamination, which depends on the disease situation in the exporting region, the health status of donor herds and donor cows, and on the pathogenetic properties of the disease agent. The second phase covers risk mitigation by use of the internationally accepted standards for embryo processing, and the third phase considers the risk reductions resulting from post-collection surveillance of donors and donor herds, and also from testing of embryo-collection (flushing) fluids for the disease agent. It was evident from this assessment that low risks of transmitting disease by international movement of bovine embryos depend initially on a low disease incidence in the exporting region and on easily recognisable disease signs. Competent embryo processing was also of great importance, and in the case of bluetongue, vector ecology had a major influence. In addition to providing a logical basis for import/export decisions, risk assessment is useful for evaluating the potential outcome of new research and for assessing the safety of the movement of embryos of other species for which little or no research information is available on embryo-pathogen interactions.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Pregnancy and birth of monozygous female twins following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer].

The rate of identical twins after in vitro fertilisation and embryo replacement is higher than after physiological conception. The present paper reports on the first delivery of twins (identical twins) after in vitro fertilisation and embryo replacement. The in vitro fertilisation and embryo replacement of one 4-cell stage resulted in a twin pregnancy. The difficult pregnancy, early delivery and intense perinatal care of the children deserves special consideration. In addition the paper gives a survey on the present number of deliveries after in vitro fertilisation and embryo replacement given at the 3rd World Congress on In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer at Helsinki in May 1984.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Production of prolific microsheep by embryo transfer into large non-prolific sheep.

The Garole is a prolific breed of microsheep that possesses the FecB gene, which increases ovulation rate. The purpose of this study was to compare embryo production by multiple ovulation in seven Garole ewes with that in seven normal size, non-prolific Malpura ewes, and assess the influence of the large body size of Awassi crossbred recipient ewes on the birth-weight of Garole lambs. Oestrus was synchronised with two intramuscular injections of 7.5 mg prostaglandin F(2alpha) administered 10 days apart. The donor ewes were superovulated by the use of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and follicle-stimulating hormone. The onset and duration of oestrus were similar in both breeds. The Garole donors had higher total mean (se) ovarian responses (15.6 [3.6] v 9.1 [2.3]), ovulation rate (13.6 [3.1] v 8.4 [2.2]) and produced more transferable embryos (6.0 [3.5] v 4.0 [0.9]) than the Malpura donors, but the differences were not statistically significant. The Garole lambs produced by embryo transfer were on average 57.8 per cent heavier at birth than contemporary Garole lambs produced by natural mating.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rate of blastocyst development from excess embryos remaining in culture after day 3 embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the rate of blastocyst development (BDR) from embryos remaining in culture after day-3 embryo transfer (ET), and its relationship to cause of infertility. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study in tertiary-care IVF Center. Blastocyst development rate (BDR) after day-3 ET was assessed in 126 women who underwent either conventional IVF or ICSI. RESULTS: Mean age, early follicular FSH levels, number of 2PN zygotes, number of excess embryos, and number of ET were similar between patients that underwent IVF and ICSI. Overall, 20% of extra embryos from conventional IVF patients developed into blastocysts compared to 14% of embryos obtained from ICSI. Cause of infertility did not affect BDR, even in patients who required ICSI due to male factors. CONCLUSIONS: Low rates of blastocyst development from excess embryos are similar between IVF and ICSI patients. Only 15 to 25% of excess embryos left in culture develop into blastocysts, regardless of cause of infertility. Physicians and patients can use this information to adjust both AR treatment protocols and patient expectations.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Risk assessment of mouse hepatitis virus infection via in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer by the use of zona-intact and laser-microdissected oocytes.

The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) transmission by the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedure. In addition, resistance to infection of zona-intact and laser-microdissected oocytes was compared. For this purpose, infectious mouse hepatitis virus, a common viral pathogen in mouse facilities, was used. Oocytes having an intact or laser-microdissected zona pellucida were incubated for fertilization in media containing MHV-A59 and resulting embryos were transferred to the oviduct of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Swiss recipients. The oocytes were divided into three experimental groups: 1) zona-intact oocytes continuously exposed to MHV in fertilization (HTF), culture (KSOM), and embryo transfer (M2) media; 2) zona-intact oocytes exposed to MHV in HTF medium and transferred after a standard washing procedure with virus-free KSOM and M2; and 3) laser-microdissected oocytes exposed to MHV in HTF medium and transferred after a standard washing procedure with virus-free KSOM and M2. Respective serum samples of embryo recipients and their offspring were tested for MHV antibodies using ELISA. In experiment 1, 10 out of 14 embryo recipients seroconverted to MHV and only their offspring (8 of 19) received maternal antibodies. In experiments 2 and 3, MHV antibodies were detected neither in the recipients nor in the offspring. These results indicate, for the first time, that even if the zona pellucida is partially disrupted by laser microdissection, the transmission of MHV-A59 can be avoided by correctly performed washing steps in the IVF-ET procedure.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Bilateral ovarian pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in a patient with tubal factor infertility.

Primary ovarian pregnancy is very rare event after natural pregnancy or assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Although there are a few reports about unilateral ovarian pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET), there has been no report about bilateral ovarian pregnancy. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose an ovarian pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer because of enlarged ovary, fluid collection in pelvic cavity, and its low incidence. We present a case of a patient who underwent IVF-ET due to tubal factor infertility, but the patient developed bilateral ovarian pregnancy and was performed both ovarian wedge resection through laparotomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

A quantitative assessment of the risk of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease, bluetongue and vesicular stomatitis by embryo transfer in cattle.

This paper addresses the risks involved when bovine embryos are moved internationally and, specifically, the possibilities of transmitting foot-and-mouth disease, bluetongue and vesicular stomatitis by embryos originating from an area in South America. The risk scenario pathway was divided into three phases for analysis. The first phase dealt with the potential for embryo contamination which depends on the disease situation in the exporting country and/or region, the health status of the herds and the donor cows from which the embryos are collected, and the pathogenetic characteristics of the specified disease agent. The second phase covers risk mitigation by use of internationally accepted standards for processing of embryos, and the third phase encompassed the risk reductions resulting from post-collection surveillance of the donors and donor herds, and also from testing of embryo-collection (flushing) fluids for the disease agent. Quantitative risk analysis showed that under the circumstances specified in the paper, the risk of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis by embryos would be likely to be less than 1 in 100 billion (10(-11.0)) and 1 in 100 million (10(-8.0)), respectively. The values for bluetongue were 1 in 30,000 (10(-4.2)) when embryos were collected in the vector season and 1 in 1 million (10(-6.0)) in the season with low vector activity. These risk values were influenced by the incidence of each disease in the area of origin and the ease with which clinical signs can be recognised. Competent embryo processing according to procedures recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society were also of great importance. The analysis showed that the reasons for the low levels of risk of transmission differed for each of the three diseases. In the case of bluetongue, vector ecology was of major importance.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Cervical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

A case of cervical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is described. This unusual pregnancy ended at 26 weeks' gestation after hysterotomy and delivery of an 830 gm boy. We suggest that the in vitro fertilization procedure is one of the possible risk factors of cervical pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Tuberculous meningoencephalitis in post-embryo transfer status].

A 30-year old pregnant woman, who received an embryo transfer, suffered since the 12th week of pregnancy from therapy-resistant attacks of fever for several weeks. With progressive deterioration, the increasingly somnolent patient showed by now clear signs of meningism and acid-fast bacilli were found in the cerebrospinal fluid. NMR showed a finding consistent with bacterial meningoencephalitis. During therapy with INH, Rifa and EMB, the clinical course and the CSF findings showed rapid improvement. Nevertheless, spontaneous abortion occurred in the 23rd week of pregnancy. Previous history revealed, that granulomatous salpingitis had been diagnosed several years earlier as the reason for infertility.

Adult↗