SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “GUILT”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

Exploring depression in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: A consistent amount of empirical research suggests that depression, besides interfering with quality of life and social functioning, may influence other symptom dimensions in schizophrenia, thus constituting an important domain for treatment strategies, outcome, and prognosis. AIM: This study investigated the factorial structure of the Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia (CDSS) in a sample of schizophrenic patients and explored the relationships between such factors, major symptom dimensions and subjective experiences. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-one subjects were examined to assess the severity of schizophrenic symptoms (scored according to the five-dimensional model of Toomey et al. [28]), the distress due to the subjective experience of negative symptoms, and the degree of subjectively-felt cognitive-affective vulnerability (i.e. basic symptoms). RESULTS: Principal component analysis revealed CDSS to include three main factors, namely: "depression-hopelessness" (factor I), "guilty idea of reference-pathological guilt" (factor II) and "early wakening" (factor III). Whereas the last factor did not correlate with any of the other psychopathological domains, the first two factors revealed multiple correlations with both diagnostic symptoms and subjective experiences. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the threefold factorial structure of the CDSS previously reported by the authors of the scale and could shed further light on the psychopathological nature of the components of depression in schizophrenia. The specific correlation patterns with diagnostic and subjective psychopatholgy substantiate the clinical distinction between a general depression factor ("depression-hopelessness") and a cognitive-guilt factor ("guilty idea of reference-pathological guilt").

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Potential for hostility and dimensions of anger.

Recent reviews have linked Potential for Hostility derived from the Structured Interview (SI) to coronary artery disease, independent of the global Type A pattern. The present study examined the construct validity of Potential for Hostility ratings by correlating Potential for Hostility with 21 scales from four widely used anger/hostility measures: 7 scales from the Anger Self-Report, 8 scales from the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, the total score from the Novaco Anger Inventory, and 5 scales from the Multidimensional Anger Inventory. The pattern of correlations revealed that Potential for Hostility was significantly related to scales reflecting awareness and arousal of anger, particularly the verbal expression of anger. To identify underlying anger dimensions, the 21 scales were factor-analyzed. Examination of two and three rotated principal components confirmed previous solutions. The first component, representing anger-arousing and -eliciting situations and anger awareness, was labeled Experience of Anger. The second component, consisting of scales dealing with either physical assault or verbal expression of anger, was labeled Expression of Anger. When a third factor was retained, it contained scales of suspicion, mistrust-suspicion, and guilt: It was therefore labeled Suspicion-Guilt. Potential for Hostility was correlated only with the Expression of Anger factor in the two-factor solution; in the three-factor solution, Potential for Hostility was correlated equally with the Experience of Anger and Expression of Anger factors but was not correlated with the Suspicion-Guilt factor. The implications of these results for the assessment of hostility are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nationalities in Europe: the risk of war and medical responsibility.

War is often considered to be a way of solving political or economic problems. On the psychological level, war and acts of war are correlated with fear and guilt. In dealing with fear and guilt projection is a common defence mechanism, whereby others are scapegoated as the cause for one's own problems. This article presents an analysis of the relations between socio-political and economic problems, fear and guilt, and armed conflicts and wars. An alternative strategy is described, whereby people accept responsibility for the situation and work out solutions, based on a mature identity and by democratic processes. Conditions to promote this strategy are discussed. In the introduction some consequences of the last world war and of the work of the National Institute for the Victims of War in the Netherlands are described.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Personal and professional experiences of pediatric residents concerning death.

BACKGROUND: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) statement on Pediatric Palliative Care has emphasized the importance of identifying barriers and facilitators to effective palliative care. OBJECTIVES: To survey pediatric residents about their personal and professional experiences concerning death and determine factors associated with guilt (a potential barrier) and attendance at patient funerals (a potential facilitator). DESIGN/METHODS: PL-2 residents were surveyed midway through pediatric residency. Both personal and professional attitudes and experiences about death were solicited. RESULTS: Seventy-nine (90%) PL-2 residents completed the survey from 1997-2000. While 91% reported that a close family member or friend had died, 75% recalled that their family had not openly discussed issues of death. Thus far in their career, residents reported encountering a mean of 9.4 patients who had died (+/-6.4; range, 0-30 deaths) and 39% expressed guilt about a death. Those who felt guilt about a death were more likely to state they felt responsible (p<0.01) but less likely to think about their own death (p<0.01). While 23% had attended a patient's funeral, 42% expressed fear of attending. The mean number of times a resident informed a family of a patient's death was slightly higher in those who attended a patient's funeral, and approached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: By midresidency, these pediatric residents have had many personal and professional experiences with death. Residency training programs must provide venues for residents to address bereavement, facilitate the integration of these experiences, and provide time to attend funerals.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Emotional and social effects of congenital heart disease in Singapore.

A cohort of patients with congenital heart disease (n = 29) who had undergone corrective cardiac surgery was studied and compared with normal controls. The mean age of cardiac patients was 10.3 years with a range of 6 years to 16 years. Their emotional maladjustment as measured on a behavioural checklist was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than controls, and their social adjustment was also similarly less satisfactory (P less than 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that emotional maladjustment in the child was related to maternal maladjustment (P less than 0.01), maternal guilt (P less than 0.01) and maternal anxiety (P less than 0.05). Social maladjustment in the child was significantly related to maternal guilt (P less than 0.05) and pampering (P less than 0.02). It was considered that the child with heart disease was perceived and 'labelled' by the mother as abnormal even after surgery and was therefore the object and focus of maternal guilt and anxiety. Hence, the child's emotional and social maladjustment is probably the result of maternal factors rather than the physical handicaps of the illness.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Psychogenic needs and psychiatric symptoms in young Swedish women.

In a longitudinal study of personality, 66 women completed the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule, a Swedish personality inventory, in order to asses their psychogenic needs at the age of 15 and 25. Psychiatric symptoms and a number of background variables were assessed independently after the completion of the Cesarec Marke Personality Schedule, with the aim of examining whether traits and background variables were related to psychiatric symptoms. The psychogenic needs Defence of Status and Guilt Feelings at the age of 15 were positively and significantly related to depressive and anxiety symptoms and high score on psychiatric morbidity in general. The psychogenic needs Defence of Status, Guilt Feelings and Succourance at the age of 25 were significantly related to the symptom constructs Somatization, Interpersonal-sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety-phobia, and General Morbidity. Subjects with a low score of psychiatric symptoms differed from high scoring subjects by having been raised by older parents, experienced a secure childhood, better relationships with siblings and peers, and a longer education. It may be hypothesized that high scores on Defence of Status and Guilt Feelings in combination with less favourable background variables may constitute a vulnerability factor for depression and anxiety.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Illuminating the dark side of creative expression: assimilation needs and the consequences of creative action following mortality salience.

Previous research indicates that mortality salience and creative behavior combine to increase feelings of guilt, presumably over the disruption to social connection elicited by the call for innovative expression. The present studies examined whether satiating assimilation motives by highlighting conformity to others reduces this effect (Study 1) and facilitates positive psychological engagement (Study 2). Study 1 used a 2 (conformity vs. neutral feedback)x2 (mortality salience vs. control)x2 (creative task vs. noncreative task) design and had participants complete a self-report measure of guilt. Study 2 used a 2 (mortality salience vs. control)x2 (other goal task vs. self-goal task) design, and after a creativity exercise, had participants complete measures of positive mood, vitality, and creative problem solving. Results indicated attending to assimilation needs reduced the elevated guilt that follows the juxtaposition of mortality salience and creative behavior and also increased a sense of positive engagement. Implications are briefly discussed.

Affect↗

PubMed2004

Suicidal ideation in inpatients with acute schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia has been associated with a high rate of suicide. This study investigates the prevalence of suicidal ideation in a population of inpatients with acute schizophrenia, together with the clinical parameters associated with suicidal thoughts. METHOD: We assessed 93 schizophrenia patients. We matched subjects for age and sex and compared subjects with and without suicidal thoughts. We performed stepwise multiple regression analysis to assess the association between specific clinical symptoms and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Of the patients, 20.4% reported suicidal thoughts during the last 15 days. Severity of depressive symptoms, motor retardation, guilt feelings, pathological guilt, and self-depreciation predicted the patients' suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal thoughts are frequent among inpatients with acute schizophrenia. Prevention of suicidal behaviour should include helping patients improve their self-esteem and reducing depression and guilt feelings.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

Effects of physical attractiveness on evaluations of a male employee's allegation of sexual harassment by his female employer.

College students (N = 324) served as mock jurors in a simulated civil case in which a male plaintiff accused a female defendant of sexual harassment. The authors experimentally manipulated the physical attractiveness of the litigants. The authors asked mock jurors to decide whether the defendant was guilty and to rate their certainty of belief in the defendant's guilt (or lack of guilt). Jurors were more certain of the guilt of the defendant when the plaintiff was attractive than when he was unattractive. Plaintiff attractiveness significantly affected female jurors' individual recommended verdicts when the defendant was unattractive but not when she was attractive. With male jurors, plaintiff attractiveness significantly affected their verdicts when the defendant was attractive but not when she was unattractive. Female jurors were more likely than male jurors to conclude that sexual harassment had taken place but only when the litigants were different in attractiveness.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Guidelines in clinical practice. Legal considerations].

The paper analyses the role and implications of the application of these guidelines from a legal point of view. After an introduction based on the legal concepts of the causal nexus and guilt in jurisdiction, the authors highlight the main arcas of influence that these guidelines can have on evaluations of a torensic nature. In jurisdictional terms, the first step in the evaluation of medical conduct is to reconstruct the causal nexus between the doctor's conduct (active or omissive) and the injury/death in question. The identification of the causal nexus is based on the application of the laws of probability according to which it is possible to affirm, with a reasonable margin of logical and rational plausibility, that a given conduct is the causal condition of a particular harmful event. With this in mind, the guidelines assume the role of law of probability in the sense that their adoption, depending on an evaluation of the probabilistic regularity of the causal series, would have prevented the occurrence of the injury/death that is the object of the legal inquiry. Another essential step in the jurisdictional process, is the evaluation of guilt. Bearing in mind that the evaluation of guilt is by definition linked not to the actual doctor in question, but to an abstract model of a doctor and namely the knowledge and skills that a doctor is expected to possess, it can be seen that the adoption of these guidelines may facilitate this evaluation. The application of the guidelines would represent compliance with the ordinary conditions of knowledge and skill expected of a doctor to which should be logically added the need for an adequate motivation for any deviation from the indications expressed in the guidelines. In conclusion, the main influences of these guidelines for the doctor-patient relationship are evaluated, together with the role that these guidelines may play in terms of patient information and the informed consent given by the latter.

Guidelines as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Types of anxiety reported by couples treated with assisted fertilization vis a vis hypothethical embryo donation for research purposes in a private clinic in Lima, Peru].

INTRODUCTION: Embryo donation displays special characteristics within the Latin American context, where spare cryopreserved embryos are not currently available as is the case of industrialized countries. The Catholic church also plays a significant role. The need to regulate ethically and legally the practice of embryo donation suggests that we need to take into account the opinions from the main key players: patients, health professionals, and society. The objective of this study is to explore the patients perceptions vis a vis potential embryo donation for research purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional design included a tape recorded semi-structured interview administered to 32 patients attending a private clinic in Lima, Peru. Participants had undergone complex techniques of assisted fertilization (FIV and ICSI). The verbal Gottschalk analytical method was used to identify predominant anxiety manifestations in the interviews. RESULTS: The most common types of anxiety associated with embryo donation for research in this group of participants were guilt, separation anxiety and shame. Divided by gender, the more common types of anxiety reported by men were guilt, shame and separation anxiety. Women reported guilt, separation anxiety and shame.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Continuity--adjustment--autonomy--physician--patient--an overview of medical cultural philosophy in former East Germany].

The author probes into the "culture" of medical thinking in the former GDR in respect of the interlinking of socialisation of the doctor, within the framework of socialism, with the fate of the patient; the fundamentals of the development of science and of the pattern of cultural life; and the development of moral consciousness and health policy under the influence of Marxist-Leninist teachings. (One should not neglect the difference made by the author between "official Marxism-Leninism as decreed by the state" and "Marxist theory" as well as "public level of consciousness".) Errors of judgment, illusions, so-called "noble" ideals of the medical profession such as ambitiousness, engagedness, and readiness to shoulder responsibilities, were interwoven with the trend to functionalism, to keep the party bureaucracy of the SED in power. One of the thematic points of emphasis was the "changing of paradigms in medicine", such as the hostility to psychology as a feature of GDR socialism, or the sociopolitically dictated condemnation of non-institutional or "alternative" medicine. The author sees a basic trend to technocracy in GDR medicine. He shows up trends to "moral remote control" of the doctor, to a deliberately practised illusionment, a systematically engineered demounting of decisions based on moral constraints--such demounting being promoted both in the doctor's mind and in actual practice--and to eliminating emotional obstacles officially construed as "interfering" with a strictly objectified doctor-patient relationship. Nothing in this context can be soft-pedalled and excused. The author points specifically to the officially promoted vision of a "successful repair and construction of a New Man". Within the context of socialist ideal views and actual socialisation of the doctor there are similarities between the balance-sheets of 1945 and 1989 in Germany without attempting to suggest that this amounts to a comparison on the same level with the genocide and war guilt of the National Socialist era. Guilt is a burden on the mind, but non-assessed guilt and lack of a possibility of redemption destroys humans. The article is a plea against an increasing tendency to criminalize the former GDR citizen and the doctors. "It will be necessary to honestly review the past history embodying my own errors, mistaken concepts and illusions." All this is only a first approximation to an important and complex subject. It is the author's aim to promote a better understanding between the former GDR citizens and those of West Germany.

Continuity of Patient Care↗

PubMed1991

Dreams, conscience, and memory.

The interpretation of certain dreams, as opposed to the direct examination of behavior, makes it possible to explore the conscience of the dreamer, detect hidden sources of guilt, and interpret them with less likelihood of arousing intractable resistance. Through the recovery of memories and the establishment of an intimate familiarity with one's personal history, it becomes possible to resolve problems of "neurotic" guilt, based ultimately on distortions of repressed childhood memories. The resolution of these conflicts allows a greater role for the operation of "appropriate" guilt, based on genuine transgressions, and the establishment of a more mature ethical structure.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Once more unto the breech: the firearms evidence in the Sacco and Vanzetti case revisited: Part I.

The Sacco and Vanzetti case has a timeless appeal. It raises trenchant issues of the fairness of a criminal trial in the face of the public's hue and cry. It is a sorry reminder that physical evidence must be closeted with care and punctiliously marked for later courtroom uses. Claims of unfairness at the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti have evoked doubts of their guilt. On this issue, a Select Committee of firearms experts in 1983 reevaluated the existing firearms evidence from the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. Its conclusions, a number of which point unerringly to the guilt of Sacco and none of which add a scintilla to the case against Vanzetti, are analyzed in this paper, which is in two parts. Part I sets the stage by focussing on the facts of the crime in South Braintree, MA and the prosecutorial strategies in the use of the firearms evidence at the trial in Dedham, MA. The firearms evidence against Vanzetti is analyzed separately from that marshalled against Sacco. Part II will address the rampant charges of governmental misconduct in the handling of the firearms evidence. A concluding section of Part II reveals startling new evidence relevant to the guilt of Nicola Sacco.

Criminal Law↗

PubMed1994

[Coping with anger by cardiovascular patients].

Patients with essential hypertension and coronary heart disease were compared to a healthy and clinical control group an the recently developed Müller-Anger-Coping Questionnaire (MAQ). The inventory measures the factors "Spontaneous Behavior" (f1), "Controlled Affect" (f2), "Guilt" (f3) and "Social Inhibition" (f4) as a trait. The patients, suffering from essential hypertension, in comparison to the healthy control group, showed significant differences on factors 2 to 4, indicating, that they are expressing anger to a lesser degree and that they are more likely to exhibit an anger-in/guilt coping style. The same was true for patients suffering from coronary heart disease with respect to factors 2 and 4. With respect to "Guilt" coronary heart disease patients showed a clear trend for more feelings of guilt after anger expression, as compared to the healthy control group. None of the groups showed significant differences on expressing anger-in an aggressive manner (factor 1). These results provide further evidence, that patients with cardiovascular disorders have a clear tendency to show anger to a lesser degree in an socially assertive manner and to suppress anger. If anger is expressed by these patients, they tend to feel guilty. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1984

Parental communication of Holocaust experiences and personality characteristics among second-generation survivors.

Examined communication concerning wartime experiences that went on in survivor families. Sixty-four Jewish children of survivors filled out questionnaires on parental communication, as well as the MMPI, Mosher's Forced Choice Scale of Guilt, and Hogan's Scale of Empathy. Findings indicate that mother's willingness to talk about her experiences and the frequency of her communication were related significantly to the presence of negative personality traits in the second generation. Guilt-inducing communication (by both parents), early experiential awareness of the Holocaust, and indirect communication about the Holocaust also were related significantly to negative characteristics. Father's willingness to talk about his experiences and the frequency of his communication, however, were related to positive factors among his offspring. When separated along gender lines, most forms of communication were related to negative personality factors for female, but not male, children of survivors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

Rejection of life in anorexic and bulimic patients.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate eating- disordered (ED) patients' attraction to life and death. METHOD: Thirty-two anorexic and 37 bulimic patients were matched by age, sex, and socioeconomic status to 37 matched normal controls. Participants were administered the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Multiattitude Suicidal Tendency Scale (MASS), and the Selflessness Scale. RESULTS: ED patients scored significantly higher on the Selflessness Scale than normal controls. They are less attracted to and more repulsed by life than normal controls. In death variables, attraction to or repulsion by, no significant differences were found. These results were not influenced by depression. The higher the tendency of ED patients to ignore their needs and serve other's needs (high Selflessness scores), the higher their tendency to be attracted to death and to be less attracted to life. DISCUSSION: ED patients, rather than dwelling on death, reject life. Theoretically, the findings support differentiation of death preoccupation to several components. Clinically, the findings might direct clinicians to help patients reduce their "self-guilt," that is, guilt of promoting their own interests.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Beyond the global score of the Zarit Burden Interview: useful dimensions for clinicians.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the structure of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) for informal caregivers of patients suffering from AD or related disorders, and to examine the relations of the dimensions found with functional disabilities and other patient health indicators. DESIGN: 152 dyads of community-dwelling older adults with dementia and their primary caregivers were analysed. METHODS: Caregiver burden was measured by the 22-item ZBI. Caregivers' and care recipients' characteristics were collected with the MDS (Minimum Data Set) of the RAI (Resident Assessment Instrument) Home Care instrument. Data on dementia (diagnosis, severity, MMSE) were also obtained. Burden data were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Relationships between scores on PCA factors and care recipients' health indicators were studied with inferential statistical tests. RESULTS: Three dimensions of burden were found: effect on the social and personal life of caregivers, psychological burden and feelings of guilt. Some health variables were linked to these dimensions. Spouses and children perceived burden differently. Spouse caregivers emphasized the deterioration of their personal and social life. Children, less involved in daily care, were more prone to feel guilt that they were not doing enough for their parent.

Activities of Daily Living↗