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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Reflex effects of descending colon distension on coronary blood flow in anesthetized dogs.

To find out whether distension of the descending colon reflexly affects coronary blood flow, experiments were performed in nine dogs anesthetized with pentobarbitone. The descending colon was isolated between ligatures and distended with warm Ringer solution at a steady intraluminal pressure. Arterial blood pressure was prevented from changing by withdrawing blood from the left femoral artery. In two of the nine dogs the arterial blood pressure was also kept constant by tightening a plastic snare round the thoracic aorta. The reflex increase in heart rate was prevented by atrial pacing. Distension of the descending colon at constant heart rate and arterial blood pressure always caused a decrease in mean coronary blood flow, amounting to 2.44 +/- 1.8 ml/min (mean +/- SD), equal to a percent decrease of 14.3 +/- 10.5. This response was completely abolished by section of the hypogastric nerves, thus demonstrating that a reflex mechanism is involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Pain in the trochanteric region caused by tunnel compression of the lateral cutaneous perforating branch of the ilio-hypogastric nerve. Indications for neurolysis].

After consideration of anatomical and clinical studies, the authors describe a new tunnel syndrome involving the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve as it emerges above the iliac crest. Irritation of the strangulated nerve produces pain over the lateral aspect of the hip. In 7 cases where local infiltration failed, neurolysis was carried out and produced excellent results in 5 patients, thus confirming the pathophysiology of this syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[The surgical anatomy of the genital nerves of the male and their preservation in excision of the rectum].

Studies of the fetus and new-born were undertaken to determine the exact localization of the nn. erigentes in the lower pelvis. The particular topography was visualized using histological slides and a special digital imaging technique. The nn. erigentes were found to be bundled along the diaphragmatic part of the urethra before entering the two cavernous bodies of the penis. These findings suggest that a small anterior patch of rectal muscle covering the diaphragmatic part of the urethra should be left behind in male patients undergoing total proctocolectomy in order to preserve potency. This operative technique cannot be employed for carcinomas extending to the anterior rectal wall. Since 1980, the new technique has been used in 18 male patients with rectal carcinoma and sexual function was preserved in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effects of the pelvic and hypogastric nerve transection on the micturition cycle in the decerebrate dogs].

The effect of the transection of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves on the whole micturition cycle including the collecting and emptying phases was evaluated on the decerebrate dogs which exhibit highly consistent urodynamic parameters during a series of micturition cycles. Urodynamic parameters of each phase before and after each nerve transection were measured by pressure flow electromyographic studies and compared using the paired t test. Urodynamic parameters in the collecting phase consisted of threshold volume, threshold pressure, opening pressure and bladder compliance. Urodynamic parameters in the emptying phase consisted of voided volume, residual volume, residual ratio, contraction pressure, maximum flow rate and voiding time. Unilateral pelvic nerve transection produced a significant increase in threshold volume and bladder compliance and a significant decrease in threshold pressure during the collecting phase. There was a significant increase in residual volume and residual ratio and a significant decrease in contraction pressure and maximum flow rate during the emptying phase. After bilateral pelvic nerves transection, bladder did not contract and overflow incontinence occurred. Therefore, the pelvic nerves are considered to play an important role in both the collecting and emptying phases. Unilateral hypogastric nerve transection produced a significant decrease in threshold volume, threshold pressure and opening pressure during the collecting phase. There was a significant decrease in contraction pressure during the emptying phase. Bilateral pelvic nerve transection produced a significant decrease in threshold volume, threshold pressure and opening pressure, and a significant increase in bladder compliance during the collecting phase. There was a significant decrease in voided volume and contraction pressure during the emptying phase. Therefore, the hypogastric nerves are considered to play a certain role in the collecting phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fetal heart rate and uterine activity following paracervical block.

Bupivacaine without adrenaline was used for paracervical block (PCB) anesthesia in 60 low-risk parturients in whom there were no signs of fetal asphyxia. In order to evaluate its effects on fetus and uterine activity, 30 patients were given a "high dose" of 50 mg Bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic agent, while 30 patients were given a "low dose" of 25 mg. Continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in both study groups revealed nine patients with typically post PCB bradycardia and five patients with moderate PHR depression. All of them were born with excellent Apgar score. Although a decrease in fetal heart rate following PCB was noted in both groups more significant reduction was associated with the high dose block (P less than 0.05). In 11 cases, FHR depression was clearly associated with increased uterine activity, while in another three cases it was not (P less than 0.005). Oxytocin administration during the block did not affect fetal heart rate or uterine activity. The results indicate that FHR depression following PCB using Bupivacaine is dose dependent, transient and not dangerous to a normal fetus. No adverse maternal effects were noted. It is suggested that fetal heart rate depression following PCB using Bupivacaine is related to increased uterine activity.

Anesthesia, Caudal↗
PubMed1986

Management of serious vaginal injury. A case report.

Hemorrhage was the major complication of a serious vaginal injury. Failure to control such a hemorrhage with local suturing should prompt an exploratory celiotomy and ligation of the visible bleeding points. Hypogastric artery ligation is indicated in cases of intractable bleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Aortic surgery and sexual function].

An account is offered of the haemodynamic and neurological questions posed by the relation between reconstructive aortoiliac surgery and sexual function. Attention is drawn to the anatomical and surgical features of the preaortic sympathetic structures. In the light of experience gained in pelvic haemodynamic evaluation with the Doppler penile pressure index, a method that has proved very useful in the study of pre- and postoperative impotence in the arteriopathic subject, stress is laid on three conclusions: a) the high frequency of impotence in aortoiliac arteriopathy (65% in a personal series); b) the beneficial effect on penile circulation of revascularisation of the hypogastric artery (increase in pressure index in 70% of cases); c) the relatively high incidence of postoperative sexual disturbances (30% in the personal series) due to lesion of the preaortic sympathetic structures, the risk being greater with techniques requiring wide exposure of the aorta. This danger is foreseeable in all sexually potent patients and should determine the indication for surgery, the method chosen (extra-peritoneal route, extra-anatomical by-pass), and the technique (in an aorto-femoral by-pass, the aorta should be prepared in accordance with carefully followed rules of surgical anatomy, and confined wherever possible to a short infrarenal segment).

Aorta, Abdominal↗