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PubMed1978

The central San Joaquin Valley area health education center.

With federal financial support, an area health education center was established in the central San Joaquin Valley of California. The center is a cooperative health sciences education and health care program organized by the University of California and some of the educational and health care institutions of the valley. The center's goals include providing and improving primary health care education, and improving the distribution of health personnel. These goals are achieved through the cooperative development of a number of independent and interdependent activities. An extensive evaluation of the Area Health Education Center has shown that it is a highly effective program.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMed1999

Increased sexual abstinence among in-school adolescents as a result of school health education in Soroti district, Uganda.

A school health education programme in primary schools aimed at AIDS prevention in Soroti district of Uganda emphasized improved access to information, improved peer interaction and improved quality of performance of the existing school health education system. A cross-sectional sample of students, average age 14 years, in their final year of primary school was surveyed before and after 2 years of interventions. The percentage of students who stated they had been sexually active fell from 42.9% (123 of 287) to 11.1% (31 of 280) in the intervention group, while no significant change was recorded in a control group. The changes remained significant when segregated by gender or rural and urban location. Students in the intervention group tended to speak to peers and teachers more often about sexual matters. Increases in reasons given by students for abstaining from sex over the study period occurred in those reasons associated with a rational decision-making model rather than a punishment model. A primary school health education programme which emphasizes social interaction methods can be effective in increasing sexual abstinence among school-going adolescents in Uganda. The programme does not have to be expensive and can be implemented with staff present in most districts in the region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

An investigation into the role of post-natal health clinics in oral health education.

This project investigated the oral health information that was given to parents by health visitors at post-natal clinics. This issue was examined by conducting an investigation in one health district in the United Kingdom and, within that, three socially diverse locations. A questionnaire to evaluate parental oral health knowledge and awareness, as well as the personal characteristics of each respondent was developed, tested and administered to 92 respondents. This questionnaire was analysed and compared with previous studies in the same field. Few parents reported receiving oral health information from health visitors. In general, levels of knowledge reported by this sample were better than those reported for the national sample used for the 1983 child dental health survey (Todd and Dodd, 1985). However, fewer of this sample reported receiving oral health education compared to the national sample respondents. A major gap in their knowledge related to fluoride levels in water and fluoride supplements. As found in other studies this sample was also confused about the role of diet in dental caries. Recommendations are made for further improvement in the delivery and reception of oral health education in the post-natal period.

England↗
PubMed2006

Are comprehensive environmental changes as effective as health education for smoking cessation?

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of health education on smoking cessation for all smokers regardless of their willingness to quit smoking and cumulative environmental changes including designation of smoking places, legislation, and price rise. DESIGN: Comparison of smoking cessation rates over two time periods: the period of health education on smoking cessation (1997-1999), and the period of cumulative environmental changes (2002-2004). SETTING: An occupational setting in a radiator manufacturing factory in Japan. SUBJECTS: All habitual male smokers who remained in the worksite through the pertinent time period (n = 202 in the period of health education and n = 170 in the period of environmental changes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Smoking cessation rates at the end of each time period. RESULTS: The smoking cessation rates over the periods of health education and environmental changes were 8.9% and 7.1%, respectively. There was no difference between these two proportions in a chi2 test (p = 0.513). The age adjustment did not significantly alter the cessation rate. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative environmental changes are fairly effective in promoting smoking cessation, and may yield similar smoking cessation rates as a health education intervention reaching all smokers regardless of their willingness to quit smoking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Role of health education programmes within the Libyan community.

The effectiveness of existing Libyan health education programmes was evaluated in order to assess how the service may be improved. A representative sample of the general public completed a questionnaire on health knowledge, healthy behaviours and the impact of various health education media. The 872 participants ranked health education media by effectiveness, with television ranked highest and booklets and leaflets lowest. We recommend reorganization of the use of different health education media in future planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Smoking education as a part of health education (author's transl)].

Health behaviour increasingly becomes important in fighting serious diseases. A point is that non-smoking must be carried as the normal behaviour. Therefore it is necessary to overcome the conditions underlying the tradition of smoking by totality of social education. Nonsmoking arguments should start from immediate requirements of target group. Some examples in this field are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Interaction in health education.

The usefulness of the application of the psychodynamic frame of reference in person-to-person health education is examined in the present study. The health educator's proper understanding of his client through an integrative use of his own cognitive and emotional responses to the client is first discussed. Depending on the level of maturity of their personalities, and on the nature of their formative relations, the clients will develop different modes of interaction in their relationships with the health educator. Learning to adequately recognize and meet clients showing different interactional modes is considered to substantially increase the prospects of the health educator helping his clients to accomplish a change in health behaviour. Four levels of interaction and their proper encountering are described and discussed. It is concluded that health education and individual health educators would benefit from an increased familiarity with, and use of, the psychodynamic body of knowledge.

Countertransference↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the effect of the health education intervention project "Healthy School"].

UNLABELLED: Contemporary health-education intervention programs are increasingly used as a tool for improving health of school children [1-4]. Since 1992 a Network of 13 elementary Health Promoting Schools established in Yugoslavia (though not yet admitted to the European Network) has been operational. The Project was approved by the Ministries of Health, Education and Ecology from the very beginning, and financially supported by the Government of Serbia since 1995. The team of up to 40 health professionals, school principals and school project managers worked together for four years to change the working conditions in schools knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of school children and staff in order to improve their health [5]. The goal of this paper is to present results of health education intervention in changing of hygienic conditions in schools, as well as some of the attitudes, behaviour and knowledge of pupils and their parents. METHOD: The study took place before and after the intervention--at two points in time--during 1993 and 1996. The tri-angular approach including (1) pupils, (2) schools (teachers, school environment), and (3) parents, was used. A random pretest and post-test study design with control group (12 experimental and two control schools) has been implemented. The multiphase cluster sample was employed in order to represent all of the country typical regions. Six types of especially designed questionnaires were used to provide comparable variables in the sample of pupils, their parents and teachers. Exception were 1st-graders and 4th-graders for whom information were gathered by means of a "draw-and-write" investigation technique [6]. The response rate was 88.70% before and 98.28% after intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS/PC software. RESULTS: Schools are somewhat less overcrowded, much cleaner and better maintained after the four-year intervention. Toilets are in a better condition, but there is still much more to be done. The 1st- and 4th-graders, surveyed by the draw-and-write method, mentioned numerous ways of keeping and improving health, which were summarized as fifteen health-improvement measures (Graph 1). The most frequently mentioned measures were nutrition, physical activity, general hygiene, oral and dental hygiene, sleeping and fresh air. Each of these measures was mentioned by over 20% of the surveyed pupils. Eleven of 15 variables showed significant increase in frequencies (at the level of at least p < 0.01) after the intervention. As an indicator of a nutrition behaviour, the regularity of main meals is analyzed (Graph 2). The majority of children eat regularly and the difference before and after intervention is significant only for the school meal (c2 = 30.715, p < 0.001). Although over 70% of children learn that general hygiene is good for health in junior graders, only about little more than 30% of senior graders have a bath or shower every day, while others only once or twice a week. The differences are significant before and after the intervention (c2 = 10.648, p < 0.05) only for everyday practice. More than 90% of senior-grade pupils brush their teeth at least once or several times a day. Over 60% of children in our survey go in for sport, whereas about 20% never do so. It seems that the intervention contributed symbolically to this practice important for health, though before-after difference is significant (c2 = 6.673, p < 0.05). However, in the control group schools children have much less physical activity in 1996, and this difference is significant (c2 = 14.070, p < 0.010). The psycho-emotional status of Yugoslav young people is strongly influenced by the situation in the country the war, the economic disaster and the impact of international sanctions. Consequently, more than one-fourth of the children complained of frequent exhaustion and concentration problems, which their parents also noticed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)

Child↗
PubMed2005

Effectiveness of different methods of health education: a comparative assessment in a scientific conference.

BACKGROUND: Every individual mode of health education has its own merits, drawbacks as well as their own sphere of effectiveness. A specific mode of communication is more useful in a specific setting on a specific group than others. To search for optimum mode of communication for a specific audience is a major area of research in health education. The issue of imparting health education to a gathering of educated people, representing different fields of knowledge has remained a relatively less lighted aspect of health education research. In this backdrop this study was initiated for making a comparative assessment of different methods of dissemination of health education among educated people. METHODS: A cross-sectional interviewer administered questionnaire survey was conducted involving 142 randomly selected subjects during the last session of a five-day conference having health as main theme when the opinion of the delegates regarding different communication methods was asked for. Collected data was analyzed not only to find out the optimum mode of education dissemination in such a setting but also to find the contribution of different factors in the preferences of the study subjects. RESULTS: The participants opted more (60%) for focused programs of smaller audience (sectional program). In both broad area (main program) and focused area programs (sectional), the participants preferred lectures (62% and 65.7% respectively). Specific topics were preferred both in lectures (67.6%) and symposia (57.7%). In the exhibition, exhibits seemed to be more attractive (62%) than the posters. Qualification has emerged to be a contributing factor in peoples' choice towards sectional programme and also in their affinity to symposia. Increased age was a significant contributor in participants' preference towards specific topics. Physical barriers of communication appeared to be a problem in the main program as well as in the exhibition. Lack of coherence among the speakers was reported (69%) to be a major reason for which symposia was not preferred. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that while planning for health education dissemination in an educated group a focused programme should be formulated in small groups preferably in the form of lectures on specific topics, more so while dealing with participants of higher age group having higher educational qualification.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Regional planning for allied health education.

The tremendous proliferation of new programs in allied health education is contrasted with the situation which existed in the pre-Flexner era of medical education. Some similarities to the present state of allied health education and cautionary signs are noted. Allied health educators are urged to accept their responsibility for objective program planning. Several examples of successful regional planning approaches are noted as examples worthy of further investigation, with special attention focused on the State of Virginia, which appears to have developed some of the most comprehensive approaches to planning.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Using the internet to identify women's sources of breast health education and screening.

Health professionals, women's groups, the media and the Internet have all played a role in educating the public about breast health and breast screening methods. Yet, with all the information that is available to women, their participation rates have been less than optimal. This paradox has resulted in the need to learn more about the sources that influence women to participate in breast screening. In an innovative study using the Internet, over 800 women, primarily from Canada and the United States, were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes and influences regarding their breast screening practices. Current health status, screening practices and influences of various health professionals on women's health promotion activities were analyzed. Comparisons of the women's perceptions across age groups and national differences between Canadian and American respondents are presented. Women in the older age group reported receiving more encouragement for breast screening activities from physicians, nurses and others than did younger women. American respondents reported perceiving more support from nurses for breast screening than did their Canadian counterparts. A high number of American respondents reported having been diagnosed with breast cancer, while only a small number of Canadian respondents reported this diagnosis. The results from this study can be used in planning health promotion activities relevant to various populations of women. Benefits and limitations of using the Internet as a research medium are briefly discussed.

Adult↗