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Results for “Intestine, Large”

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PubMed1982

A comparative study of the normal histochemical and proliferative properties of the large intestine in ICR/Ha and C57Bl/Ha mice.

The histochemical staining, labeling index and incorporation of [3H] thymidine [TdR] in large intestinal epithelium were compared in four anatomically distinct segments from ICR/Ha and C57Bl/Ha mice. This comparison was done because the incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinomas is different for different anatomic segments as well as for the two strains. Within each strain, the amount of [3H] TdR incorporated into mucosal DNA was found to vary less than 20% at each anatomic site of the large intestine. However, there were site-specific differences in the depth of the proliferative populations within the crypts. In autoradiograms from both strains, the crypts of the proximal colon showed maximal [3H] TdR labeling of nuclei in mid-crypt cells, some of which contained mucin. In contrast, the distal colon and rectum were characterized by maximal nuclear labeling in a population of undifferentiated cells near the base of each crypt. In distal ICR/Ha colon, the proportion of labeled nuclei at each crypt depth corresponded to the [3H] TdR labeling of DNA that had been isolated from frozen sections cut sequentially. As visualized with alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) and high iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) stains, the epithelial mucin showed site-specific differences, but the differences between the two strains of mice were not remarkable. In contrast to the human and rat large intestine, the acidic mucin in the mouse large intestine was predominantly sialomucin. However in the cecum and mid-distal colon, there was a predominance of sulfomucin. In the various anatomic segments of both strains, the histochemical staining, labeling index and incorporation of [3H]TdR were remarkably similar considering the large differences in susceptibility to chemically-induced neoplastic change.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Precision suture techniques in operations on the large intestine].

Experiments were conducted on 24 dogs to elaborate two variants of precision (microsurgical) double-row suture in operations on the large intestine. The suggested variants of the suture were successfully applied in operations on the large intestine in 48 patients. The first variant of a double-row sero-serous and musculo-intramucous suture is technically simpler and preferable in formation of end to side, side to side ileotransfercal anastomoses, and endo-to end anastomoses of the large intestine. The variant of sero-serous and musculo-intramucous suture with double stitching of the submucous coat on each side of the created anastomosis is preferable in complicated restorative-re constructive interventions. Both variants (the second to a greater measure) ensure sufficient strength and air-tightness of the formed anastomoses, exact approximation of the layers of the edges of the intestine, and quicker healing of the intestinal wound by first intention. The suggested sutures make it possible to decline the formation of preventive relieving colostomas and transanal draining of large intestinal anastomoses.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1988

B-lymphocyte responses in the large intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice infected with Eimeria falciformis (Apicomplexa).

B-cell responses of 3 immunoglobulin isotypes (IgA, IgG, and IgM) were investigated in the large intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of naive or immune mice after inoculation of oocysts of Eimeria falciformis. Primary and anamnestic IgA and IgG lymphocyte responses to E. falciformis occurred in the large intestine of nonimmune and immune mice, respectively. IgA-containing lymphocytes (IgAc) were the largest population of responding B cells in the large intestine. In infected mice, IgAc accumulated in the apical portion of the lamina propria, whereas IgG-containing lymphocytes (IgGc) were more numerous at the base of the lamina propria. No significant increase in the number of IgM-containing lymphocytes (IgMc) was observed in the lamina propria of the large intestine. Primary but no anamnestic B-cell responses occurred in the MLN, and immune mice actually had reduced numbers of IgAc and IgGc in the MLN when compared with naive mice. IgGc were the largest population of responding B cells in the MLN. Thus, IgAc appear to accumulate preferentially at the site of parasite development, whereas IgGc are primarily localized deeper in the lamina propria of the large intestine and in the draining lymph nodes of mice infected with E. falciformis.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Clinical significance of galactose oxidase-Schiff reaction in the detection of carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical value of galactose oxidase-Schiff (GO-S) reaction to test carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine. METHODS: 127 patients who had symptoms and signs of digestive tract diseases and 10 normal controls were studied, with their samples of rectum mucus smears stained. The histological sections of 73 cases of carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine were stained with GO-S reaction. RESULTS: The positive rates of GO-S reaction in carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine were over 80%. The specificity and sensitivity of GO-S reaction to detect carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine were 98% and 86%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 90%. CONCLUSION: GO-S reaction, being satisfactory and sensitive marker of carcinoma and precancerous lesions of large intestine, can be used for screening and general survey of these lesions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Differential survival of murine small and large intestinal crypts following ionizing radiation.

Radiation survival curves have been obtained for crypts in the small and large intestine of male BDF1 mice using the microcolony assay. Four regions of the small intestine and three regions of the large intestine were studied. One of the major objectives was to determine the optimal conditions for the microcolony assay in the large bowel. Various times post-irradiation were studied using different approaches and threshold criteria for surviving crypts. Small, but statistically significant, differences were observed along the length of the small intestine, but no differences were observed between different regions of the large intestine. There was a marked difference (p < 0.001) in the response in the large compared with the small intestine (D0 = 291 +/- 14 compared with 151 +/- 4 cGy respectively with corresponding extrapolation numbers of 18 +/- 4 and 377 +/- 65). The use of tritiated thymidine or vincristine helped in the identification of true survivors in the large bowel, but these approaches are not necessary in the small bowel. The longer the time after irradiation that the samples were fixed the easier it was to identify survivors in the colon. However, the longer the time the more animals died. The optimum compromise in these studies was to use partial-body irradiation (abdomen only) and to sample on the fifth day after irradiation. With these criteria the mid-colon survival curve had a D0 = 274 +/- 28 cGy and an extrapolation number of 22 +/- 10. The results can be considered in relation to published data on the levels of p53 and bcl-2 expression and apoptosis in murine small and large bowel.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of familial polyposis coli and nonpolyposis coli on the histogenesis of large-intestinal adenoma.

The entire length of the large intestine resected from six patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) was step-sectioned, and microscopic adenomas composed of one to several glands were prepared into complete serial sections. Histopathologic comparison of these microscopic adenomas was made between FPC and nonpolyposis coli (those not included in the special disease group of FPC). The histogenesis of adenomas in FPC and nonpolyposis coli was considered as follows. (1) In nonpolyposis coli, adenomas arise from basal cells of the deep layer of the mucosa. (2) In FPC, most of the adenomas (81.2 per cent) arise in the same manner as described above, although there are some (18.8 per cent) that appear to have arisen in the middle or superficial layer of the mucosa. (3) Therefore, it is believed that the morphologic difference of the large-intestinal mucosa between FPC and nonpolyposis coli comes not from the difference in the number of adenomas present but from the difference in the position and/or timing of appearance of adenomas.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2001

[Telomere length and DCC gene mRNA expression of human large intestine cancers].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of telomere and DCC in tumor transformation and progression. METHODS: Telomere length and DCC gene mRNA expression were examined by southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR analysis in 46 adenomas of large intestine, 62 cancers of large intestine and corresponding normal mucosa. RESULTS: Shortening of the telomere was present in the tissues of 41.3% of the adenomas and 53.2% of the cancers, and their average TRF lengths were significantly shorter than those of corresponding normal mucosa(P<0.05, P<0.01), whereas the telomere elongation was only detected in 4.4% and 6.5% of the adenomas and cancers respectively. In addition, the average telomere length in colon carcinomas was also shorter than that in rectal carcinomas. Moreover, the average telomere lengths of the colorectal cancer mucosa became shorter with age. The rates of DCC mRNA expression deletion were 34.8% and 62.9% in the tissues of adenomas and cancers respectively. The DCC mRNA expression deletion occurred more frequently in poorly differentiated and Dukes C, D carcinomas than in well-differentiated and Dukes A, B carcinomas (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, no significant correlation was found between the length of telomere and the deletion of DCC mRNA expression in the cancers of large intestine. CONCLUSION: The telomere shortening and DCC mRNA deletion may represent the biologic behavior of transformation and development of the large intestine cancers.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Peculiarities of the ultrastructural organization of prismatic cells of the large intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis].

Electron-microscopy studies of biopsy specimens of the large intestine mucosa in 36 patients with non-specific ulcerated colitis were carried out. A difference in the structure of the lateral plasmatic membranes of prismatic cells and intercellular space of the large intestine mucosa in patients at periods of remission and exacerbation was revealed. Characteristics of the fine structure of the lateral plasmatic membranes of prismatic cells and the intercellular space in patients at the period of exacerbation of the disease reflected the compensatory processes directed at stabilization of the impaired water balance under conditions of diarrhea and dehydration by activating resorption processes in the large intestine.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Neuropeptide Y in submucosal ganglia: regional differences in the innervation of guinea-pig large intestine.

Since information about possible regional differences in the innervation of the guinea-pig large intestine is incomplete, a comparative study was made of the occurrence of neurones and nerve fibres of the submucosa showing immunoreactivity (IR) to neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In addition, a quantitative analysis was made of submucosal neurones in regions of guinea-pig large intestine selected for probable differences in their function. There were two principal findings: First, the density of NPY-IR neurone somata was high in the ascending colon (mean +/- SEM 3148 +/- 464 neurones/cm2; n = 5 animals) and progressively declined in an anal direction, the descending colon having 348 +/- 125 neurones/cm2 (in the same 5 animals); immunoreactive cell bodies were rare in the rectum. The reduced density was also reflected in a fall in the number of NPY-IR neurones/ganglion from 3.0 +/- 0.3 in the ascending colon to 0.5 +/- 0.2 in the descending colon. Second, varicose NPY-IR intraganglionic fibres were a conspicuous feature of the duodenum, caecum, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum, but not of the ileum, ascending colon or distal spiral. Moreover, in the descending colon and rectum the fibres were arranged in a loose 'cobweb' structure around non-NPY-IR neurone somata; in the caecum, there was an apparent paucity of NPY-IR somata but the exceptionally dense intraganglionic varicose fibre network may have obscured NPY-IR somata. In all regions, fibre baskets were rare. In the ascending colon, only 25 +/- 5% of ganglia (compared to 92 +/- 2% of ganglia in the descending colon) showed any intraganglionic nerve fibres; furthermore, when they occurred, these were not of the 'cobweb' type but, rather, they gave the ganglia a speckled appearance. In very immature fetuses at a stage of development when no neuropeptide somata could be found in either the myenteric or submucosal plexuses, many NPY-IR nerve fibres were present in the submucosa with a distribution similar to that of adult guinea pigs. With respect to the density of VIP-IR neurones in the large intestine, there was only a 40% reduction in the number of neurones/cm2 from proximal to distal colon, in contrast to the corresponding 90% reduction in the density of NPY-IR neurones. The number of VIP-IR neurones/ganglion (6.4) and the proportion of ganglia with VIP-IR fibres (> 90%) were constant. It is concluded that the striking regional dissimilarities in (i) the occurrence of NPY-IR neurone somata and (ii) in the disposition of intraganglionic NPY-IR nerve fibres indicate potentially important regional differences in the functions of neuropeptide Y as an antisecretory peptide in the local regulation of chloride transport in the mucosa and as a modulator of ganglionic transmission, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

c-kit immunoreactive interstitial cells of Cajal in the human small and large intestine.

c-kit immunohistochemistry was performed on unfixed frozen sections of human small (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon). The c-kit immunoreactive cells in the muscularis externa of the intestinal wall were identified as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and mast cells. ICC were identified by their morphology, localization, and organization based on previous light and electron microscopic studies. In the small intestine, ICC were located primarily in relation to the myenteric plexus of Auerbach, but also in septa between circular muscle lamellae. In the large intestine, ICC were seen in relation to Auerbach's plexus, but also and in great numbers in the circular muscle layer and in teniae of the longitudinal muscle layer. The morphology of the ICC was similar in the small and large intestine, but the pattern of distribution was obviously different. c-kit immunoreactive mast cells were found predominantly in the inner part of the circular muscle layer. The anti-c-kit method is found to be an easy and reliable method to study at least most of the interstitial cells of Cajal and thereby contribute to further normal and pathological studies.

Colon↗

PubMed1963