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PubMed1991

MMPI characteristics of the DSM-III-R avoidant personality disorder.

The clinical description provided by the MMPI Scale 0 (Social Introversion, Si) reflects an apparent and striking affinity with the DSM-III--R concept of the avoidant personality disorder which was here investigated by comparing the MMPI variables of 22 avoidant with 60 other, nonavoidant personality disordered inpatients. Both of the groups were diagnosed by use of a semistructured interview (SCID-II). The avoidant group obtained for mean MMPI profile a 2-6-7 (D-Pa-Pt) code. Significant differences were found between groups on MMPI Scales 2 (D), 7 (Pt), 9 (Ma), and 0 (Si). ROC analysis of the diagnostic performance showed the importance and utility of the evaluation of Scale 0 (Si) in the psychodiagnostic assessment of the avoidant personality disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Associations of neuroticism and introversion with academic achievement.

The relationship of academic achievement or grades with Eysenck Personality Inventory scores on Neuroticism and Introversion was examined. Contrary to theoretical expectations and previous studies, no significant differences among means were observed for 118 first-year South African university students (78 women and 40 men) whose mean ages were 29 yr. (women) and 28.8 yr. (men).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A partial replication of Lippin (1990) using the Myers-Briggs type indicator with a sample of female prisoners.

A sample of 108 women incarcerated in a state prison who volunteered to participate in an employment seminar were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Comparison of the distribution of types here and in Myers and McCaulley's 1985 sample using a Selection Ratio Type Table for analysis indicated an overrepresentation of ISTJ, ISFJ, and ISTP. The ESFP and ESFJ types were underrepresented. Further analysis of the types and the relationship to criminal offense was not significant. Results are compared with those of Lippin from 1990.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mean MMPI profile of referrals to a shyness clinic.

Shyness occurs in over 48% of the population, becoming disabling in 13% or more. Clinical observation suggests that individuals seeking treatment for shyness are in significantly greater distress than the general population, showing greater depression, generalized anxiety, social avoidance, interpersonal sensitivity, and shame, than is indicated by earlier studies. We gave the MMPI to 25 men and 20 women referred for problems with shyness to assess our observations. Analysis confirmed the hypotheses. Men scored higher than women in a slightly different profile configuration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Silencing the self and the big five: a personological profile of silent women.

This study examined the correlations between scores on Jack and Dill's 1992 Silencing the Self Scale and Costa and McCrae's 1985 Big Five personality factors among 146 female undergraduates. Analyses indicated the Silencing the Self scores were positively correlated with those on Neuroticism and negatively correlated with those on Openness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness. In addition, regression analysis indicated that Neuroticism and Openness scores showed the greatest contribution to Silencing the Self scores. These findings suggest the possible importance of studying personality traits in women who utilize the silencing the self schema in interpersonal contexts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Depression, introversion and mortality following stroke.

In this study, we examined the influence of clinical depression and personality introversion on 15-month mortality following stroke. Ninety-four stroke inpatients were examined two months post-stroke for clinical depression and pre-stroke personality characteristics of neuroticism and introversion. Fifteen months later, the vital status of 84 of these patients was able to be determined. Seven (8%) of the 84 patients died. Mortality rate increased from non-depressed to minor depressed and to major depressed patients (1/48 [2%], 2/21 [10%] and 3/13 [23%], respectively) (chi 2[trend] = 6.6, df = 1, p = 0.01). Patients who died had higher depression symptom scores (mean +/- SD) than survivors (17.7 +/- 6.0 versus 9.9 +/- 7.1) (p = 0.006). Non-survivors were more introverted (i.e. had lower extroversion scores) than survivors (1.7 +/- 1.4 versus 4.2 +2- 2.1) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analyses, introversion and depression were independently associated with mortality. We conclude that personality introversion and depression are associated with increased mortality following stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Evidence for the presence of two fundamentally different, age-independent characteriological types within unselected runs of male alcohol and drug abusers.

Analyses of the MAC Scale scores of male substance abusers evidence the presence of two fundamentally different, age-independent characterological types within unselected runs of male alcohol and drug abusers. Examination of those items which best accomplish this discrimination indicates that the members of the majority type (approximately 85%, on average, over several studies) have disorders of character, while the members of the minority type (approximately 15%, on average, over several studies) are introverted neurotics. Since both types are also present, but in roughly opposite proportions, in the self-depictions of the members of unselected runs of nonsubstance-abusing male psychiatric outpatients, it is evident that neither type is comprised only of substance abusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Personality correlates of drug preference among college undergraduates.

Three groups of college drug users--those expressing a preference for marijuana, amphetamines, or barbiturates--reported on experiences resulting from their drugs, and these groups, together with a group of nondrug-users, completed the Omnibus Personality Inventory (OPI). On the OPI the nonusers appeared more conventional and conforming than each drug group. Those preferring marijuana were less anxious than any other group, but the most distinctive group was that preferring barbiturates, which appeared the least intellectually inclined and the most emotionally distressed. This group's personality dispositions also seemed generally concordant with the experiences they reported from the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Affiliative achievement motivation and non-affiliative achievement motivation of female students].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the two dimensional theory of achievement motivation (Doi, 1982) in female students. Doi's motivation scale were administered to 81 female university students, 58 female students of school of nursing and 77 female students of school of English Language, and the Yatabe-Guilford personality inventory was also administered to the first and the second groups. Affiliative achievement motivation and non-affiliative achievement motivation were extracted by principal component analyses and canonical correlation analyses. Non-affiliative achievement motivation was found to be related to personality type: emotional instability and introversion. These findings differ from achievement motivation concepts (Murray, 1938; McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953), that include emotional stability and extraversion.

Achievement↗
PubMed1975

Venereal disease control among homosexuals; An outreach program.

With the support and participation of area homosexual organizations and a local bar, the City Health Department developed an outreach/education/screening program for venereal disease (VD) control. Venereal disease education and blood testing were conducted during four sequential Wednesday evenings in the bar on a volunteer basis, anonymously if requested. Of the 118 sera drawn, ten were reactive on serologic testing. Two of these reactive blood tests led to the discovery of two new cases of primary syphiles. No cultures were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The subject response rate confirms the value of an anonymous reporting method; the discovery of two cases of primary syphilis lends credence to case finding by field-screening a high-risk population.

Attitude to Health↗