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Results for “Life Table Method”

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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Kidney size at diagnosis of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: lack of prognostic significance for outcome.

The prognostic significance of kidney size at diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was assessed in a population of 142 children. Kidney size was determined using three different methodologies, and its significance was determined by univariate and multivariate life-table methods. Enlarged kidney size (as determined by any of the three methods used) was not associated with an overall poorer survival. These findings were consistent when kidney size at diagnosis was analyzed as a singled variable and when it was considered after adjustment for the known prognostic factors of age, sex, and initial WBC count. Assessment of renal size at the time of diagnosis of childhood ALL is not indicated for the purpose of predicting subsequent prognosis.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1980

Incidence of low back pain and pre-placement x-ray screening.

The primary purpose of pre-placement back x-ray screening is to reduce the incidence of low back problems. This study was designed to address the specific question of whether or not this objective is achieved, without directly looking at the predictive value of radiological abnormalities of the lumbar spine. Two retrospective cohorts of steelworkers were identified: one group hired before, and one after, introduction of back x-rays into an otherwise identical pre-placement medical examination. The two cohorts were stratified by age and work activity, and by use of a modified life table method were followed for 12 years. All health incidents, modified work, lost time, or permanent job changes were noted. Analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between cohorts for the parameters studied. The inclusion of low back x-ray screening into a comprehensive pre-placement medical examination had no significant effect on the subsequent incidence of low back pain in the cohort of steelworkers studied.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Severe arterial hypertension (grade III and IV).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the number, outcome, survival time, and causes of death of patients with severe arterial hypertension who were admitted to the Department of Medicine at Landspitalinn (National Hospital) in Reykjavik during the years 1957 to 1971. During this period 117 patients were found to have severe arterial hypertension (12.6% of all cases of hypertension diagnosed) according to the grading of Keith and Wagener, 20 patients with grade IV retinopathy and 97 patients with grade III. The case histories were analysed according to age and sex distribution, blood urea, electrocardiographic changes, heart size by X-ray at the time of diagnosis and final outcome. The survival calculations were done by the decrement method (life tables) and aim taken from patient age 65 years and less. Relatively fewer patients with severe arterial hypertension were admitted during the last five year period (1967-1971) than during the two previous five year periods. The main causes of death were cerebrovascular accidents (26.6%), myocardial infarctions (22.8%), and renal failure (22.8%). Approximately 50% of the men and 60% of the women survived five years. Elevated blood urea values and signs of left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG at the time of diagnosis carried a more sinister prognosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1992

Incidence of AIDS in HIV-1 infected thalassaemia patients. European and Mediterranean W.H.O. Working Group on Haemoglobinopathies and Cooleycare.

To estimate the cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in thalassaemia major patients (TMP) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected through transfusion, 79 seropositive TMP were studied. At inclusion, mean age was 12.4 +/- 6.6 years; 40 were men; 21 were splenectomized. Centers for Disease Control, 1986 (CDC) stages and prescription of zidovudine were noted at least once a year. Cumulative incidence of AIDS and standard error were calculated using non parametric life table method. Age, sex, acute infection and splenectomy associations with progression to AIDS were tested using Breslow statistic. The median follow-up period was 4 years 11 months. At the end of the study period, 43 TMP were in CDC stage II, 23 in CDC stage III and 13 in CDC stage IV, including seven AIDS cases, of whom three had died. Four subjects died of other causes. Only two patients were treated with AZT prior to the occurrence of AIDS. Rate of progression to AIDS was not associated with acute infection, splenectomy, age, or sex. A cumulative AIDS incidence rate of 1.4% (SE 1.3%) was observed at 3 years and of 9% (SE 4%) at 5 years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1994

Dose of desferrioxamine and evolution of HIV-1 infection in thalassaemic patients.

To study the relationship between the dose of desferrioxamine (DFX) and the progression of the HIV-1 disease in thalassaemia major patients (TMP), 64 seropositive TMP patients were studied. Cumulative incidence of CDC stage IV was calculated using a non-parametric life-table method. The association with the mean daily dose of DFX was tested with a Cox proportional hazards model which was also used to adjust for confounding variables. The median of the mean daily dose of DFX over the seropositive period was 40 mg/kg (range 0-65 mg/kg). Age at seroconversion (P < 0.02) and splenectomy (P < 0.03) were found to be associated with the mean daily dose of DFX. 6.5 years after seroconversion, 11% of those who had been prescribed more than 40 mg/kg of DFX daily had entered stage IV versus 35% of those who had been prescribed a lower dose (P < 0.01). When the dose was taken as a continuous variable it was found that the rate of progression was significantly smaller in TMP receiving a higher dose (P < 0.002), even after adjusting for age and splenectomy (P < 0.02). Although it should be noted that these results were obtained in an observational study, possibly biased by a non-random allocation of the DFX dose, we believe that they are striking enough to support the claim that the role of DFX in the progression of HIV disease should be further evaluated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1994

Cytoplasmic c-erbB-2 protein expression correlates with survival in Dukes' B colorectal carcinoma.

The prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 expression was studied in paraffin wax embedded colorectal cancer tissue using a monoclonal antibody. One hundred and sixty-four patients with Dukes' B disease were studied. Membranous staining was not detected in any case. Cytoplasmic c-erbB-2 staining was seen in 55 cancers (33.5%). Cytoplasmic staining was unrelated to patient age (P = 0.31), sex (P = 0.69), tumour site (P = 0.69), size (P = 0.57), histological grade (P = 0.42) or ploidy status (P = 0.21) but was found more frequently in obstructing cancers (P = 0.03). Mean follow up of the patient population was 6.3 years. Five-year-survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method was 47% for those with cytoplasmic c-erbB-2 staining and 77% for those without (log rank analysis; P < or = 0.0001). Stepwise regression analysis identified c-erbB-2 staining (relative risk, 2.51; P = 0.0005) and bowel obstruction (relative risk, 1.99; P = 0.015) as independent predictors of survival. It is suggested that cytoplasmic c-erbB-2 expression may provide a useful marker of tumour behaviour in Dukes' B colorectal cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Use of antibiotics and prescription drugs in general during the first 9 years of life in a Swedish community.

The use of antibiotic drugs and of prescription drugs in general during the first 9 years of life was studied among all 1701 children born in a Swedish municipality. Cumulative proportions of children who had received one or more prescriptions for any type of drug and for different groups of antibiotic drugs were estimated by life-table methods. The effects on drug use of the gender and the birth order of the child along with the age, citizenship and marital status of the mother were analysed by Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Half of the children had received at least one prescription for any drug after 0.6 years and at least one prescription for any antibiotic drug after 1.8 years. Higher proportions of children with prescriptions for all drugs and for all antibiotic drugs were found among males than females, among those with older siblings compared with first-borns and among children of younger mothers compared with those of older mothers.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic value of semen analyses in infertility evaluation (male fertility/life-table analysis).

The aim of the present study was to evaluate which of the various parameters of semen analysis that are most significantly related to the obtainment of pregnancy. A follow up questionnaire was sent to 1953 couples, who had been examined for infertility, and 1,480 (76%) replied. We focused on 713 of these couples, in whom the female partner had a normal fertility set-up (potentially fertile). This study suggests that sperm vitality and sperm concentration bear the most significant relation to pregnancy. Evaluation of a couple's fertility potential by means of the life-table method shows a gradual increase in the pregnancy rate of all couples, irrespective of semen quality, during a observation period of 10 years. The pregnancy rate after 5 years was 14% in a group with reduced semen quality and 44% in a group with normal semen quality.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed1985

Surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

The influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the visual field of glaucoma patients is discussed; the criterion level for postoperative IOP control was set at 20 mmHg. When the IOP exceeded this level for two consecutive months, the IOP control was judged to be a failure, and the surgical results were analysed by a life-table method. Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) with 50 shots over 180 degrees of the angle was used routinely, because of fewer complications than with 360 degrees ALT. A second session sometimes improved the final success rate, which was about 57% in primary open-angle glaucoma and 94% in capsular glaucoma after a follow-up period of two years and two months. All patients (120 eyes) required drugs, but their use could be reduced in about 35%. The IOP distribution in successful cases showed a peak at 16 to 17 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 21%. In trabeculectomy, pretreatment with topical indomethacin and steroid drip infusion was advocated, and concentrated sodium hyaluronate was used during surgery. These procedures reduced the incidence of shallow anterior chamber and associated choroidal detachment. The final success rate was about 60% after five years of follow-up. The IOP distribution after more than two years peaked at 13 to 15 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 53%.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1985

Long term central venous access catheters: review of 134 catheters inserted in 100 patients.

The first 100 patients at Westmead Centre who received long term central venous access catheters were reviewed. The indication for insertion in 77% of the patients was administration of chemotherapy, 15% had insertion for parenteral nutrition and 8% for blood product administration or anti-microbial therapy. Catheter manipulations were carried out under strict aseptic conditions by a limited group of nursing staff. Of the catheters, 73.1% functioned satisfactorily and were removed electively or were functioning at death or time of review. The main reason for removal was suspected infection, but this was proven in only 4.5% although strongly suspected in another 5.2%. The infection rate was 13 episodes per 13 987 catheter days. The duration of function of catheters was analysed by the life table method, demonstrating a 50% catheter survival rate of 300 days.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Prognostic value of raised prostatic acid phosphatase and negative skeletal scintigraphy in prostatic cancer.

Of 438 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, 178 (41%) had skeletal metastases (T0-4 M1) at the time of diagnosis according to skeletal scintigraphy; 139 men had serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) greater than twice the upper limit of normal on 2 separate occasions at the time of diagnosis and 65% of them had metastases on bone scan. However, 49 men with normal bone scans were found to have similarly raised serum PAP. (Such patients are defined as having skeletal metastases in the current Medical Research Council immediate versus deferred orchiectomy study and stratified accordingly). The actuarial survival of this group was calculated by life table methods and was compared with that of 2 other subgroups: those patients having metastases demonstrated on bone scan, and those patients having both normal bone scans and normal serum PAP. The survival of the "metastatic by acid phosphatase" group was significantly better than that of the "metastatic by bone scan" group but did not differ from that of patients having both normal scans and PAP. For patients with no scintigraphic evidence of skeletal metastases at diagnosis, those with a raised PAP were at a significantly greater risk of scan conversion, although this was more powerfully predicted by high histological grade.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed2006

Survival and mortality of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Steinert's disease) in the population of Belgrade.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine survival and mortality in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) in the Belgrade population within the period from 1983 to 2002. Data of a number of diagnosed DM1 patients with their demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics were gathered from hospital records in all neurologic institutions in Belgrade for the period 1983-2002. Death certificates were reviewed to determine the cause of death. Survival analysis by life table method and Cox proportional hazard model was performed. Within the observed period, in the population of Belgrade, 15 fatal outcomes among 101 patients with DM1 were registered. Average DM1 mortality rate was 0.5/1,000,000 (95% CI 0.3-0.8), and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 5.3. A significant inverse correlation was found between age at onset of DM1 and CTG repeats (P=0.023). The cumulative probability of 15-year survival for DM1 patients in Belgrade was 49+/-5% (48+/-2% for males and 50+/-7% for females). Younger age at onset was a significant unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio=4.2; P=0.012).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Interim insertion of Multiload Cu 250 IUCD.

Two hundred and ninety nine women (58 nulliparous) were fitted with Multiload Cu 250 IUCDs in five family planning clinics and followed up for 1 year. Women months (2425) of use were computerized and analyzed according to the life-table method, yielding a zero pregnancy rate and an expulsion rate of 5.0. No serious complications were observed and there was a low incidence of difficulty in fitting or removal.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed1982

The ML Cu250; clinical experience in Belgium and The Netherlands.

The ML Cu250, a copper-wired intrauterine contraceptive device, was inserted in 5736 women, at interval or immediately after delivery of the placenta. Forty-eight months after insertion, the data covering 196 214 woman-months were computerized and then analysed according to the life-table method. Interval insertion was more effective than postplacental insertion. In nulligravidas interval insertion did not increase the removal rates for other medical reasons (including pelvic inflammatory disease), but expulsion rates were higher relative to the entire group (a variety of parities).

Belgium↗

PubMed1983

Ten-year survival in 290 patients with endometrial cancer: prognostic factors and therapeutic approach.

Between 1970 and 1976, 290 patients with endometrial cancer were treated at the 1st Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the University of Milan. The median age was 62 years. Surgery was completed in 262 (90.3%) patients. Abdominal hysterectomy was used in 158 (70.9%) stage I and 40 (71.4%) stage II/III) patients; vaginal hysterectomy in 55 (24.7%) stage I and nine (16.1%) stage II/III patients. Resection of the upper vagina was performed in 168 patients. Postoperative external beam radiotherapy was used in stage II/III patients and in 44 (19.7%) stage I high-risk patients. Ten-year survival, determined by the life-table method, was 84.8% in stage I (223 patients), 53.4% in stage II (37 patients), 64.4% in stage III (19 patients), and 9.1% in stage IV (11 patients). Factors associated with poorer prognosis were: late age at diagnosis (P less than 0.001); deep myometrial invasion (P less than 0.001); poorly differentiated histological grade (P = 0.11); lack of resection of the upper vagina (P = 0.13). The role and importance of surgery is discussed, with special emphasis on the selective use of the vaginal route in aged, obese and medically high-risk patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Invasive cervical cancer in young women.

Between 1970 and 1979, 103 women below 35 years of age with invasive cervical cancer were treated at the First Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of the University of Milan. Nine patients were pregnant or less than 3 months postpartum. Estimated 10-year disease-free survival, determined by the life-table method, was 100% in stage IA (37 patients), 79% in stage IB (45 patients), 67% in stage II (15 patients), 0% in stages III (5 patients) and IV (1 patient). Prognosis was also strongly associated with lymph-node involvement, 10-year actuarial survival decreasing from 93% in lymph-node-negative to 44% in lymph-node-positive patients (P less than 0.001). The prognostic relevance of the clinical stage decreased after adjustment for lymph-node involvement, but the statistical significance of lymph-node involvement was unaffected when stage was allowed for. In the present series, the estimated 10-year disease-free survival was 80% in patients treated by radical hysterectomy compared with 62% in the group treated by total hysterectomy (stage IB to IV patients only); this difference, however, was not statistically significant when the data were adjusted for clinical stage (P = 0.10). None of the 20 patients with recurrent disease could be managed successfully.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1979

Proliferating ovarian "epithelial" tumours: a clinico-pathological analysis of 144 cases.

In a 25-year period, 144 patients with proliferating epithelial ovarian tumours were treated at the King George V Memorial Hospital. These tumours were classified according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Histological Classification of Ovarian Tumours and subsequently divided into 4 grades of proliferation, again on histological criteria. The tumours were staged at laparotomy in accord with the recommendations of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). Follow-up data, analysed by a life-table method, were correlated against histological type of tumour, histological grade of proliferation, clinical/laparotomy stage, and mode of surgical therapy. Stage 1 proliferating tumours may be treated by surgery alone, including unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in selected cases. Stage 2 and Stage 3 tumours should be treated similarly to invasive ovarian carcinomas of the same stage, despite their overall favourable prognosis.

Castration↗

PubMed1986

Tubal resection and anastomosis I. Sterilization-reversal.

Seventy-seven women (median age 30 years, range 21 to 43) underwent microsurgical tubal resections and anastomoses for sterilization-reversal. All patients had a laparoscopy between 8 and 21 days postoperatively to allow early diagnosis and treatment of adherences that had formed between tube and ovary or between adnexa and uterus or bowel. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 21 months and outcome was assessed with life-table methods. The cumulative probability of pregnancy was 63% at 6 months from surgery, 80% at 12 months and 87% at 18 months. Empirically, average fecundability, or monthly probability of pregnancy, was 13.6%; of 70 women followed-up and not on contraception, 59 (84.3%) have in fact conceived. The data indicate that: tube-length, at least above 4 cm, has no discernible effect on Fallopian tube function when fimbrial access to the ovary is not compromised; elapsed time between sterilization and reversal is irrelevant to subsequent likelihood of pregnancy; deleterious effects of endometriosis on fertility can be overcome surgically, provided precautions are taken to prevent adnexal adhesions forming; and reversals of bilateral partial salpingectomies are less likely to be followed by pregnancy than are other methods of tubal interruption.

Adult↗