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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effect of etonogestrel subdermal contraceptive implant (Implanon) on liver function tests -- a randomized comparative study with Norplant implants.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the possible differences in effects of Implanon and Norplant implants on liver function over 2 years of use. METHODS: This is a 2-year open randomized study of 80 implant (Implanon and Norplant) acceptors. Selected parameters of liver function were tested in the serum before implant insertion and at 6, 12 and 24 months after implant insertion. RESULTS: In both the implant groups, the mean total and unconjugated bilirubin and the gamma-glutaryl transferase levels were significantly raised during implant use. For none of the subjects, at any sampling period, did the levels exceed the normal range in our population. There was no significant elevation of any other liver enzymes in either group. CONCLUSION: It appears that there may be mild hepatocellular dysfunction associated with the use of both Implanon and Norplant, which is possibly of no clinical significance to the healthy acceptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Liver function of patients with arterial hypoxemia in chronic obstructive respiratory tract disease and the effect of nasal oxygen insufflation].

Patients suffering from chronic obstructive airway disease often have arterial hypoxemia, which is more or less severe. If hypoxemia deteriorates the function of the liver is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine, if a mostly oxygen dependent process of liver metabolism (galactose elimination capacity) is disturbed and if it can be increased by oxygen insufflation. Under the same conditions an oxygen independent process (indocyaninegreen clearance) should not be influenced. Our results show, that galactose elimination capacity under room air was pathologic and can be increased significantly by oxygen breathing. No change of indocyaninegreen clearance was seen under the same conditions. After termination of oxygen therapy the galactose elimination capacity was as bad as before oxygen breathing. Dysfunctions of the liver, which are caused by hypoxemia, can be positively influenced by oxygen, but only for the duration of oxygen insufflation.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Lactic acid formation in crustaceans and the liver function of the midgut gland questioned.

1. The possibility of the midgut gland of the crustacean (Cherax destructor) functioning as a liver has been investigated. 2. Seven species of crustaceans accumulate lactic acid in the haemolymph when exercised. The rate of disappearance of lactate in Homarus gammarus and in C. destructor is very slow when compared with man. 3. In the midgut gland of C. destructor no firm evidence was obtained for gluconeogenesis from lactate and for ketogenesis from fatty acids. 4. It is concluded that there is at present no justification for the common practice of calling the midgut gland an hepatopancreas.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Selected factors of metabolism in ruminants fed with increasing doses of urea in the food. I. Liver function in cows in the light of the activity of selected enzymes and the levels of indicators of protein metabolism].

The authors studied the influence of urea added to diet in an amount of 150 grams daily per 1 cow on the function of the liver by means of: determination of the activity of the following enzymes: arginase, ornithin-carbamyl-transferase, leucyloaminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, phosphatase alkaline, determination of the level of total protein, albumins and globulins, urea, sodium and potassium in the serum of dairy cows. No significant changes were found in the activity and in the content of the above mentioned blood constituents. The dose of 150 grams of urea added to diet did not show any disturbances in protein metabolism in the liver and in the health of the cows.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

[Intravenous loading with galactose as a liver function test. Methods and clinical value].

The determination of the galactose elimination capacity with the method according to Tygstrup (1966) is the only test which detects the "functional hepatocyte mass" and thus constitutes a quantitative test for the metabolic function of the liver. In this determination of the maximum hepatic elimination capacity, differences with bilirubin, hemolysis and hyperlipidemia do not occur; reliable results are also obtained in disorders of hepatic secretion. Side-effects from the test substance galactose are not to be expected. It is also possible to determine galactose without difficulty in capillary blood. The i.v. galactose test permits an estimation of the degree of severity of liver diseases and can also be recommended for routine use in the investigation of specific hepatological questions.

Galactose↗
PubMed1989

Variations in parameters of liver function and plasma progesterone related to underfeeding and ketosis in a dairy herd.

Twenty-eight Norwegian Red Cattle dairy cows were fed silage ad libitum and restricted amounts of concentrates. Blood samples were collected before morning feeding, once or twice weekly, from 2 weeks before to 12 weeks after calving. Parameters of liver function, carbohydrate status and fertility were recorded in order to assess their interrelationships. Eight cows were treated for clinical ketosis. Four of these had to be treated 2 or 3 times. Aspartate aminotransferase and bilirubin showed the highest within-animal coefficients of correlation with acetoacetate. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of carbohydrate status (indicated by plasma acetoacetate levels) on the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, though only a small part of the total variation was explained by this factor. The estimated volume density of liver fat in the 4th week of lactation averaged 6.0 +/- 6.4% (+/- SD) ranging from 0.1-25.1%. Liver fat content at this stage of lactation was not significantly correlated with other indicators of liver function or carbohydrate status. Cows treated for clinical ketosis had significantly lower plasma progesterone values at the time of first ketosis treatment than untreated multiparous cows. The frequency of high progesterone values (greater than 3 ng/ml) being significantly lower in treated than in untreated cows during the period from 3-5 weeks post partum, though not at later stages. In conclusion, the results revealed a significant relationship between carbohydrate status and liver function, and also between clinical ketosis and luteal function.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2003

Effect of the CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of lignocaine and its pharmacologically active metabolites in subjects with normal and impaired liver function.

AIMS: The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the effect of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor, erythromycin, on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous lignocaine and its two pharmacologically active metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX); (ii) to assess whether the effects of the erythromycin inhibitory action on lignocaine clearance and the results of the MEGX liver function test depend on liver functional status; and (iii) to determine the effects of both moderate and severe liver dysfunction on the disposition kinetics of lignocaine. METHODS: The study was carried out on 10 healthy volunteers, and 10 Child's class A and 10 class C cirrhotic patients, according to a double-blind, randomized, two-way crossover design. On day 1 of the investigation, all subjects received three oral doses of erythromycin (600 mg of the ethylsuccinate ester) or placebo, and two further doses on day 2. One hour after the fourth dose, subjects were given 1 mg kg-1 lignocaine intravenously. Timed plasma samples were then obtained until 12 h for determination of the concentrations of lignocaine, MEGX and GX. RESULTS: Erythromycin caused statistically significant, although limited, modifications of lignocaine and MEGX pharmacokinetic parameters. In healthy volunteers, lignocaine clearance was decreased from 9.93 to 8.15 ml kg-1 min-1[mean percentage ratio (95% CI), 82 (65-98)] and the half-life was prolonged from 2.23 to 02.80 h [mean percentage ratio (95% CI), 130 (109-151)]; MEGX area under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to 12 h was increased from 665 to 886 ng ml-1 h [mean percentage ratio (95% CI), 129 (102-156)]. Quantitatively similar modifications were observed in the two cirrhotic groups. GX concentrations were lowered in all study groups, although not to statistically significant extents. Erythromycin coadministration caused no appreciable interference with the results of the MEGX test. Only in patients with Child's grade C liver cirrhosis were lignocaine kinetic parameters significantly altered with respect to healthy volunteers. Thus, clearance was approximately halved, steady-state volume of distribution was increased, and terminal half-life was more than doubled. CONCLUSIONS: Although erythromycin only modestly decreases lignocaine clearance, it causes a concomitant elevation of the concentrations of its pharmacologically active metabolite MEGX. A pharmacodynamic study following lignocaine infusion to steady state appears necessary to assess the actual clinical relevance of these combined effects. The degree of liver dysfunction has no influence on the extent of the erythromycin-lignocaine interaction, whereas it markedly influences the extent of the changes in lignocaine pharmacokinetics. These findings indicate that no dose adjustment is needed in patients with moderate liver cirrhosis, whereas the lignocaine dose should be halved in patients with severe cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Occupational exposure to cis-1,3-dichloropropene: biological effect monitoring of kidney and liver function.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the possible effects of occupational exposure to the nematocide cis-1,3-dichloropropene (cis-DCP) on function of the kidney and liver in the starch potato growing region in The Netherlands. METHODS: The study involved 13 commercial application workers exposed to cis-DCP for 117 days, and 22 matched control workers. The inhalatory exposure of the application workers was estimated from biological monitoring data. All workers collected urine and serum samples before, during, and after the fumigation season for monitoring of variables for kidney and liver function. Renal effect variables were alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), retinol binding protein (RBP), and albumin (ALB) in urine, and beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M-S) and creatinine in serum (Creat-S). Liver variables were alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) in serum and the urinary ratio of 6-beta-hydroxycortisol to free cortisol (betaOHC/COR). RESULTS: The geometric mean exposure of the application workers was 2.7 mg/m(3) (8 hour time weighted average (8 hour TWA)); range 0.1-9.5 mg/m(3). No differences were found between the values of the renal effect variables or the liver variables of the exposed group and the control group, except a lower urinary ratio of betaOHC/COR in the exposed group. This was not considered to be related to the exposure to cis-DCP. No dose-effect relations were found between the exposure indices and the effect variables. CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not provide evidence that occupational exposure to cis-DCP in the starch potato growing region causes adverse effects on the kidney or liver at 8 hour TWA exposure concentrations below 9.5 mg/m(3) (2 ppm).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Accuracy of urine urobilinogen and bilirubin assays in predicting liver function test abnormalities.

Components of the dipstick urinalysis (urine urobilinogen and urine bilirubin) are often used by emergency physicians to screen for the need to obtain liver function tests in many clinical situations. A prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive properties of spot urine bilirubin and urobilinogen assays in the emergency department as screening test for serum liver function test (LFT) abnormalities. Of 122 patients, abdominal pain was the indication for laboratory evaluation in 54%; jaundice and constitutional symptoms were the indication in 29%. Overall sensitivities for both urine assays were 70% to 74% for serum bilirubin, but 43% to 53% for other LFTs; specificities were 77% to 87% for both urine screens. Positive predictive values show that the urine assays were 83% to 86% reliable for detecting at least one LFT abnormality. Negative predictive values were 85% for both urine assays for serum bilirubin elevations, but lower for other LFTs. Urine urobilinogen has its greatest clinical utility as a screen when a normal/abnormal threshold of 2.0/4.0 mg/dL is used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Specific excision of the selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec (Trsp) gene in mouse liver demonstrates an essential role of selenoproteins in liver function.

Selenium is essential in mammalian embryonic development. However, in adults, selenoprotein levels in several organs including liver can be substantially reduced by selenium deficiency without any apparent change in phenotype. To address the role of selenoproteins in liver function, mice homozygous for a floxed allele encoding the selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA([Ser]Sec) gene were crossed with transgenic mice carrying the Cre recombinase under the control of the albumin promoter that expresses the recombinase specifically in liver. Recombination was nearly complete in mice 3 weeks of age, whereas liver selenoprotein synthesis was virtually absent, which correlated with the loss of Sec tRNA([Ser]Sec) and activities of major selenoproteins. Total liver selenium was dramatically decreased, whereas levels of low molecular weight selenocompounds were little affected. Plasma selenoprotein P levels were reduced by about 75%, suggesting that selenoprotein P is primarily exported from the liver. Glutathione S-transferase levels were elevated in the selenoprotein-deficient liver, suggesting a compensatory activation of this detoxification program. Mice appeared normal until about 24 h before death. Most animals died between 1 and 3 months of age. Death appeared to be due to severe hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis with concomitant necrosis of peritoneal and retroperitoneal fat. These studies revealed an essential role of selenoproteins in liver function.

Albumins↗
PubMed2005

Is hepcidin a link between anemia, inflammation and liver function in hemodialyzed patients?

BACKGROUND: Hepcidin synthesis in hepatocytes is modulated in response to anemia, hypoxia or inflammation. A cross-sectional study was performed to assess hepcidin correlations with markers of iron status, erythropoietin therapy and markers of inflammation in hemodialyzed patients and in the healthy volunteers. METHODS: Iron status, complete blood count, creatinine, albumin, lipids were assessed using standard laboratory methods. Hepcidin and high-sensitivity CRP were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: Serum iron, TIBC, TSAT, erythrocyte count, Hb, Ht, platelet count, albumin, and cholesterol were lower, whereas ferritin and hepcidin were higher in hemodialyzed patients over controls. Hepcidin correlated positively with triglycerides, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, lymphocyte count, ferritin and erythropoietin dose and negatively with erythrocyte count, Hb, and Ht in hemodialyzed patients. In multiple regression analysis, triglycerides (beta value was 0.28, p = 0.02) and albumin (beta value was -0.31, p = 0.006) were correlates of hepcidin in hemodialyzed patients. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated hepcidin levels in hemodialyzed patients may be due to functional iron deficiency and anemia. Liver plays an important role in the synthesis of hepcidin. Low-grade inflammation, frequently found in hemodialyzed patients, might also contribute to elevated hepcidin concentration. Hypothesis that hepcidin might link anemia, inflammation and liver function in kidney disease should be further evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Preoperative assessment of liver function: a comparison of 99mTc-Mebrofenin scintigraphy with indocyanine green clearance test.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test is the most frequently used test for preoperative assessment of liver parenchymal function but has its limitations. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ICG clearance test and the liver uptake of 99-Technetium-labelled (99mTc)-Mebrofenin (99mTc-Mebrofenin) as measured with hepatobiliary scintigraphy. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (n=9), hilar tumours (n=20) and 25 patients with non-parenchymal tumours including colorectal metastasis (n=15) and miscellaneous tumours (n=10). One day prior to operation, hepatobiliary 99mTc-Mebrofenin scintigraphy was performed after intravenous injection of 85 MBq and the 15-min clearance rate of ICG (ICG-C15) was measured. RESULTS: The mean ICG-C15 was 86.86+/-1.19% (SEM). The mean 99mTc-Mebrofenin uptake rate was 12.87+/-0.52%/min. A significant correlation was obtained between 99mTc-Mebrofenin uptake rate by scintigraphy and ICG-C15 (r=0.73, P<0.0001). The mean clearance capacity of the right liver segments (79.83+/-1.63, range 47.75-95.97%) was larger than that of the left segments (20.24+/-1.55, range 6.51-52.51%). CONCLUSION: 99mTc-Mebrofenin uptake rate as assessed by scintigraphy is an efficient method for determining liver function and correlates well with ICG clearance. At the same time, 99mTc-Mebrofenin scintigraphy provides information of segmental functional liver tissue, which is of additional use when planning liver resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-term correction of genetic defect of liver function in rat by transplantation of liver cells after ultraviolet irradiation.

Allograft rejection limits the survival and function of transplanted hepatocytes obtained from allogeneic donors. Presentation of donor antigens by antigen-presenting cells that express class II major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) carried in the graft has been implicated in allograft rejection. Ultraviolet-B (u.v.-B, 280 to 320 nm) irradiation and short-term culture have been shown to modify the function of antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we used u.v.-B irradiation (600 J/m2) of donor hepatocytes isolated from normal inbred Wistar RHA rats, followed by 16 to 20 hours of culture prior to transplantation into histoincompatible genetically analbuminemic rats (Nagase analbuminemic rats, NAR) by intraportal infusion of 10(7) viable hepatocytes. Isolated Wistar RHA hepatocytes without u.v.-B irradiation and/or culture, or NAR rat hepatocytes, were used as control. Survival and function of the transplanted hepatocytes were monitored by serial immunoassay of serum albumin in the recipients. Serum albumin concentration did not increase after transplantation of NAR rat hepatocytes. In NAR rats that received Wistar RHA hepatocytes, serum albumin levels increased from pre-transplantation levels of 0.025 to 0.05 mg/ml to 8 to 10 mg/ml. When freshly isolated liver cells were transplanted with or without u.v.-B-irradiation, but without culturing, serum albumin levels reached a maximum in two weeks and then progressively declined to pretransplantation levels. When the cells were not irradiated but cultured for 16 to 20 hours, elevated serum albumin levels persisted for six weeks, and then progressively declined to baseline concentrations. In contrast, when the isolated normal liver cells were u.v.-B-irradiated and cultured for 16 to 20 hours before transplantation, serum albumin levels persisted at 8 to 10 mg/ml throughout the duration of this study (32 weeks). Immunocytochemistry using anti-rat serum albumin (rabbit) immunoglobulin of liver tissue from NAR rats without transplantation or after transplantation with NAR liver cells showed immunostaining in less than one in 1000 cells. Four to 16 weeks after transplantation of u.v.-B-irradiated and cultured normal allogeneic hepatocytes, one to two per 100 hepatocytes stained positive for albumin. The results indicate that u.v.-B-irradiation followed by short-term culture of allogeneic rat hepatocytes prior to transplantation results in prolonged and perhaps permanent allograft acceptance by NAR rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the effect of portal vein embolization on liver function by (99m)tc-galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative percutaneous transhepatic portal vein embolization (PTPE) increases the safety of liver resection and improves the outcome after surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma. Scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) causes specific binding to viable hepatocytes and serves as an index of liver function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy was performed before and 2 weeks after PTPE of the right portal vein in 16 patients. The total receptor index, reflecting overall liver function, right receptor index (right lobe), and left receptor index (left lobe) were calculated. RESULTS: After PTPE, the proportion of the volume of the nonembolized lobe (left lobe) increased (P = 0.0002). The total receptor index slightly decreased after PTPE (P = 0.090), the right receptor index decreased (P < 0.0001), and the left receptor index increased (P < 0.0001). The average increase rate in the left receptor index was 30% of the pre-PTPE value. In 2 patients with portal hypertension (> or =30 cm H(2)O) after PTPE, the left receptor index did not change. In 4 patients whose left receptor index after PTPE (including the 2 patients with portal hypertension) was <0.35, right lobectomy was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy demonstrated that PTPE induces a shift in hepatic function from the embolized part to the nonembolized part of the liver. PTPE of the right portal vein increases the hepatic functional reserve of the left lobe as well as its volume. The changes in (99m)Tc-GSA uptake following PTPE may predict the response to liver resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Prospective study of liver function following repeat halothane and enflurane.

In a prospective study of liver function following repeat anaesthesia, patients who received repeat halothane had a higher frequency of abnormal liver enzyme results than a similar group who received repeat enflurane. Obesity and short intervals between administrations increased the likelihood of abnormal liver enzyme activity in the halothane group. Enflurane would seem to be the volatile agent of choice for repeat anaesthesia in such circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Preserved cytosolic and synthetic liver function in jaundice of severe extrahepatic infection.

We investigated prospectively 9 adult patients with the syndrome of jaundice complicating severe extrahepatic infection both clinically and by quantitative liver function tests. Five patients having severe extrahepatic infection without jaundice were used for comparison. Intraperitoneal infection was found to be a major risk factor for development of jaundice. Jaundice was mainly associated with gram-negative infection, but did not influence survival. Duration of jaundice was dependent on control of the underlying infection. Liver function tests showed a severely deranged organic anion transport, whereas synthetic, cytosolic, and microsomal functions remained preserved. Our study shows that (a) the syndrome of jaundice associated with extrahepatic infection is a functional disorder that is reversible upon control of infection, and that (b) cytosolic, synthetic, and microsomal function is preserved. This may have consequences for both assessing prognosis and clinical management.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of nutritional status and prediction of postoperative liver function from serum apolioprotein A-1 levels with hepatectomy.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the usefulness of apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA) as an indicator of nutritional status, and the correlation of the preoperative apoA level with changes in postoperative liver function following hepatectomy. METHODS: One hundred patients underwent hepatectomy. Serum levels of apoA, prealbumin (prealb), retinol-binding protein (RBP), lectin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), hyarulonate (HA), indocyanine green dye retention at 15 minutes (ICG), and the receptor index of Tc-GSA scintigraphy (LHL15) were measured at preoperation and on postoperative days (POD) 7 and 14. Partial resection was carried out in 62 cases, segmentectomy in nine cases, and bisegmentectomy in 29 cases. Co-existent liver conditions were normal liver (NL) in 43 cases, chronic hepatitis (CH) in 29 cases, and liver cirrhosis (LC) in 28 cases. RESULTS: In most cases the serum apoA level had decreased on POD 7, and recovered on POD 14. There were no significant differences in the changes of apoA between the individual operative procedures. Although preoperative apoA had almost the same value in the NL, CH, and LC cases, apoA in LC cases on POD 14 was the lowest of all cases. The apoA level showed significant correlations with prealb, LCAT, and HA on POD 14. All cases were divided into two groups (group N: apoA over 91 mg/dl; group L: apoA under 90 mg/dl) based on the preoperative serum apoA level. On POD 14, the ICG, LHL15, and HA of group L were significantly deteriorated compared with those of group L. CONCLUSION: The serum level of apoA reflects the changes in hepatic protein synthetic ability after hepatectomy; therefore, it may be possible to estimate recovery of nutritional status after hepatectomy from serum apoA. Moreover, we can predict postoperative deterioration of liver function from the preoperative apoA level.

Adult↗