SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lung function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1987

Rate of decline of lung function in subjects with asthma.

Retrospective and prospective questionnaire and lung function data, collected during seven population health surveys over 18 years in Busselton, Western Australia, have been analysed for 92 subjects with asthma and 186 normal subjects. Subjects who had a minimum of four observations over an 18-year period were selected; the age range at first study was 22-69 years. Individual regression analyses of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), adjusted for height, on age were used in analyses. Subjects with asthma had a greater rate of decline in FEV1 (p less than 0.01) and a lower baseline lung function (p less than 0.001). The mean loss of FEV1 in males of 1.7 m height was 50 ml/year in nonsmokers with asthma compared with 35 ml/year in the normal subjects. The effect of asthma was variable and not all subjects with asthma had steep rates of decline. There were insufficient numbers of smokers with asthma to draw conclusions about an effect of cigarette smoking additional to the effect of asthma. No relationship was found between rate of decline of FEV1 and age or atopic status. In subjects with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, which was measured at the end of the study, accounted for 9% of the variation in rate of decline of FEV1 and airflow limitation, measured by FEV1 FVC, accounted for 10%. Further studies are needed to determine whether the steep rates of decline found in subjects with asthma are preventable.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Divers' lung function: small airways disease?

Pulmonary function was measured in 152 professional saturation divers and in a matched control group of 106 subjects. Static lung volumes, dynamic lung volumes and flows, transfer factor for carbon monoxide (T1CO), transfer volume per unit alveolar volume (KCO), delta-N2, and closing volume (CV) were measured and compared with reference values from recent Scandinavian studies, British submariners, and the European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS) recommended reference values. Diving exposure was assessed as years of diving experience, total number of days in saturation and depth, and as the product of days in saturation and mean depth. Divers had significantly lower values for forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, FEF25-75%, FEF75-85%, FEF50%, FEF75%, T1CO, and KCO compared with the controls and a significantly higher CV. There was a positive correlation between diving exposure and CV, whereas the other variables had negative correlations with diving exposure. Values for the control group were not different from the predictive values of Scandinavian reference studies or British submariners, although the ECCS standard predicted significantly lower values for the lung function variables both in divers and the control group. The pattern of the differences in lung function variables between the divers and controls is consistent with small airways dysfunction and with the transient changes in lung function found immediately after a single saturation dive. The association between reduced pulmonary function and previous diving exposure further indicates the presence of cumulative long term effects of diving on pulmonary function.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Non-viral wheezing in preschool children: the effect of inhaled fluticasone on symptoms and lung function.

Aims of this study were: to evaluate changes in lung function in wheezing children with detected MP and CP infection according to treatment; to measure the response to inhaled corticosteroids in children with significant wheezing who were selected as having a high risk of progressing into childhood asthma. 54 children were randomly assigned 2:1 into 2 groups-the main group (36 patients), in which inhaled corticosteroids were administered, and the control group (18 patients), without inhaled corticosteroids. Serum IgE levels were determined using the ELISA (reagents: IBL-Hamburg). Serologic studies were performed by the ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies to MP and for IgG and IgA antibodies to CP (reagents: ImmunoLISA, Orgenics, Israel) on the Hiperion MRIII (USA). Pulmonary function testing was done with SpiroLab II (DEGO GmbH, Medizin-Elektronik, Germany). The patients of both groups were administered macrolides: azitromycin during five days. Patients of the first group received inhaled fluticasone propionate 125 mg twice daily. The parents were asked to record symptoms. Each symptom (wheezing, cough, and shortness of breath) were scored on a scale of 0 to 3--daily symptom score (DSS). Scores were calculated every 4 weeks for a total treatment period 16 weeks. The days within each period on which the DSS equalled zero were pointed as symptom free days (SFD). It had been shown an significant improvement in DSS, an increase in SFD and significant improvement of the lung functions following the treatment with inhaled fluticasone and macrolide in children with wheezing and documented MP or CP infection, compared to control group treated only with antibiotics. In conclusion, the use of ICS should be seriously considered in children with wheezing and the risk of persisting symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1994

[Examination of lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with left ventricular insufficiency during the course of mitral valve disease].

We performed lung function tests and measurement of unspecific BHR to histamine in 28 patients with left heart insufficiency in the course of mitral valve disease. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I--persons qualified to mitral valve replacement, Group II--patients with restenosis after previous commissurotomy or never qualified to the operative treatment. We found any statistic significant differences in lung function parameters between both groups. We found an increase in BHR in almost all patients; BHR was markedly higher in the group II (p < 0.001). BHR did not correlate with lung function but a degree of correlation was found between BHR and the patients age.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Longitudinal decline in lung function: evaluation of interleukin-10 genetic polymorphisms in firefighters.

During annual medical monitoring, some firefighters are found to have rates of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) far exceeding their peers. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses inflammation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 gene may confer variable susceptibility to more rapid decline in lung function. In 1204 firefighters with at least six annual FEV1 measurements, increased age and greater initial FEV1 were associated with more rapid decline in lung function. DNA collected from 379 of these firefighters was screened for IL-10 SNPs at -1117, -854, 919, 1668, and 1812. A statistically significant difference in decline in lung function was found based on genotyping at the 1668 SNP. Evaluation of gene polymorphisms regulating lung inflammation may help to explain some of the variation in rate of decline in lung function in firefighters.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Mucus clearance and lung function in cystic fibrosis with hypertonic saline.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal homeostasis of the volume of airway surface liquid in patients with cystic fibrosis is thought to produce defects in mucus clearance and airway defense. Through osmotic forces, hypertonic saline may increase the volume of airway surface liquid, restore mucus clearance, and improve lung function. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with cystic fibrosis were randomly assigned to receive treatment with inhaled hypertonic saline (5 ml of 7 percent sodium chloride) four times daily with or without pretreatment with amiloride. Mucus clearance and lung function were measured during 14-day baseline and treatment periods. RESULTS: Long-term inhalation of hypertonic saline without pretreatment with amiloride (i.e., with placebo pretreatment) resulted in a sustained (> or =8 hours) increase in 1-hour rates of mucus clearance, as compared with those with amiloride pretreatment (14.0+/-2.0 vs. 7.0+/-1.5 percent, respectively; P=0.02) and increased 24-hour rates of mucus clearance over baseline. Furthermore, inhalation of hypertonic saline with placebo improved the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) between the baseline period and the treatment period (mean difference, 6.62 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 11.7; P=0.02), whereas hypertonic saline with amiloride did not improve FEV1 (mean difference, 2.9 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.2 to 8.0; P=0.23). Forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 percent of FVC (FEF25-75), and respiratory symptoms also significantly improved in patients treated with hypertonic saline and placebo, whereas the residual volume as a proportion of total lung capacity (RV:TLC) did not change in either group. A comparison of the changes in lung function in the two groups showed no significant difference. In vitro data suggested that sustained hydration of airway surfaces was responsible for the sustained improvement in mucus clearance, whereas inhibition of osmotically driven water transport by amiloride accounted for the observed loss of clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cystic fibrosis, inhalation of hypertonic saline produced a sustained acceleration of mucus clearance and improved lung function. This treatment may protect the lung from insults that reduce mucus clearance and produce lung disease.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed2005

A prospective cohort study among new Chinese coal miners: the early pattern of lung function change.

AIMS: To investigate the early pattern of longitudinal change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) among new Chinese coal miners, and the relation between coal mine dust exposure and the decline of lung function. METHODS: The early pattern of lung function changes in 317 newly hired Chinese underground coal miners was compared to 132 referents. This three year prospective cohort study involved a pre-employment and 15 follow up health surveys, including a questionnaire and spirometry tests. Twice a month, total and respirable dust area sampling was done. The authors used a two stage analysis and a linear mixed effects model approach to analyse the longitudinal spirometry data, and to investigate the changes in FEV1 over time, controlling for age, height, pack years of smoking, mean respirable dust concentration, the room temperature during testing, and the groupxtime interaction terms. RESULTS: FEV1 change over time in new miners is non-linear. New miners experience initial rapid FEV1 declines, primarily during the first year of mining, little change during the second year, and partial recovery during the third year. Both linear and quadratic time trends in FEV1 change are highly significant. Smoking miners lost more FEV1 than non-smokers. Referents, all age less than 20 years, showed continued lung growth, whereas the miners who were under age 20 exhibited a decline in FEV1. CONCLUSION: Dust and smoking affect lung function in young, newly hired Chinese coal miners. FEV1 change over the first three years of employment is non-linear. The findings have implications for both methods and interpretation of medical screening in coal mining and other dusty work: during the first several years of employment more frequent testing may be desirable, and caution is required in interpreting early FEV1 declines.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Reported versus confirmed wheeze and lung function in early life.

AIMS: To investigate the relation between parentally reported wheeze (unconfirmed), physician confirmed wheeze, and subsequent lung function. METHODS: Children at risk of allergic disease (one parent atopic) were recruited antenatally and followed prospectively from birth. During the first three years of life parents were asked to contact the study team if their child was wheezy. The presence of wheeze was confirmed or not by the primary care or study physician. Respiratory questionnaire and specific airway resistance measurement (sR(aw), body plethysmograph) were completed at age 3 years. RESULTS: A total of 454 children were followed from birth to 3 years of age. One hundred and eighty six (40.9%) of the parents reported their child wheezing in the first three years of life, and in 130 (28.6%) the wheeze was confirmed. A total of 428 children attended the three year clinic review, of whom 274 (64%) successfully carried out lung function tests. There was no significant difference in sR(aw) (kPa.s; geometric mean, 95% CI) between children who had never wheezed (n = 152; 1.03, 1.00 to 1.06) and those with a parentally reported but unconfirmed wheeze (n = 36; 1.02, 0.96 to 1.07, p = 1.00). sR(aw) was significantly higher in children with a physician confirmed wheeze (n = 86; 1.17, 1.11 to 1.22, p < 0.001) compared to those with no history of wheeze or with unconfirmed wheeze. CONCLUSIONS: Children with physician confirmed wheeze have significantly poorer lung function compared to those with parentally reported but unconfirmed and those who have never wheezed. A proportion of parents may have little understanding of what medical professionals mean by the term "wheeze".

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: smoking, decline in lung function and implications for therapeutic trials.

BACKGROUND: Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder associated with pulmonary emphysema. AT replacement therapy has been available for many years with only one randomised controlled trial, showing no improvement in the rate of decline in lung function. We aimed to obtain further data on the natural history of the disorder and thus to refine the criteria for future clinical trials. METHODS: Homozygotes for Pi type Z were identified among chest clinic patients and close relatives. Clinical and lung function data were obtained by means of a standardised questionnaire administered yearly for a maximum of 15 years. RESULTS: Baseline study: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC) were studied in 194 Pi type Z patients at registration. Past or present smoking history had the strongest relationship to reduction in FEV1 (P < 0.001), but among those who had smoked, estimated total lifetime tobacco consumption (kg) was not significantly related to FEV1. No effecton FEV1 was produced by gender, age of starting to smoke, asthma, occupation or intra-family factors in sib pairs concordant for smoking. Follow-up study: In 71 patients, the average number of annual lung function assessments per subject was 8.0 (range 6-13) and average follow-up time 97 years (range 4.2-14.9). FEV1 slope tended to be steeper in current smokers than in ex-smokers (0.05 < P < 0.1) and greatest in patients with initial FEV1 in the range 30-65% predicted. Effects on VC were less severe. Much deterioration takes place before emphysematous patients come to clinical attention. FEV1 slopes calculated using only the first four assessments have a significantly greater variance than when calculated on all assessments (F = 3.79; P < 0.01). FEV1 and VC slopes using post-bronchodilator values are greater than when using pre-bronchodilator values. CONCLUSIONS: Future trials of AT replacement therapy need rigorous standardisation of lung function testing (including bronchodilator protocol) together with an adequate period of assessment. Only randomised controlled trials should be considered valid. Therapy should ideally be started earlier than normally envisaged and before the onset of clinical emphysema.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Isolated bronchi of patients with COPD show decreased histamine responsiveness compared to smokers with normal lung function.

This study compared airway responsiveness in vitro, as measured in isolated bronchi, with responsiveness in vivo in patients with COPD and smokers with normal lung function. In 9 patients with COPD (mean (range) FEV, 55 (30-78) %predicted) and 8 smokers with normal lung function (FEV1 101 (89-117) %predicted), who underwent surgery for lung cancer, responses to inhaled histamine and salbutamol were assessed before surgery. Bronchial specimens of 1-4 mm internal diameter were studied in the organ bath and histamine concentration-response curves assessed. All patients with COPD and none of the control individuals were hyperresponsive to inhaled histamine. Five patients with COPD and no control patient showed a bronchodilator response to salbutamol. Opposite to these findings, bronchial rings in the organ bath demonstrated a rightward shift of histamine concentration-response curves in COPD compared to controls, (p < 0.005). Accordingly, pED50 but not Emax differed statistically (p = 0.0016) between groups, mean+/-SEM values of pED50 in COPD (controls) being 4.67+/-0.08 (5.29+/-0.15) and of Emax 672+/-86 (772+/-120) mg. Patients with COPD showing hyperresponsiveness to inhaled histamine demonstrated lower responsiveness of their isolated bronchi compared to smokers with normal lung function. This suggests that in vivo hyperresponsiveness is based on other mechanisms than alterations in smooth muscle physiology.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking women and their lung function tests.

Smoking amongst women has become significant as the number of smoking women is increasing gradually in this developing society. It affects the lungs to produce Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Present study was conducted over 100 smoker's women and 100 non-smoker women in the age group of 30-40 Years. Three Lung Function Tests--FEVI, FVC and PEFR were employed to all smoking and non-smoking women. It was observed that all the above mentioned three parameters of lung function tests were reduced significantly among smoker women as compared to non-smoker women. These reduced parameters of lung function test among heavy smokers are suggestive of chronic obstructive lung diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

An epidemiological survey of respiratory morbidity among granite quarry workers in Singapore: chronic bronchitis and lung function impairment.

Respiratory symptoms of chronic bronchitis and measurements of lung function were studied in an epidemiological survey of the total population of workers currently employed in granite quarries in Singapore. There were 85 rock drilling and crushing workers with current exposure in high levels of silica dust. Their respiratory parameters were studied with reference to an internal comparison group of 154 quarry maintenance and transport workers with low dust exposure, and an external comparison group of 148 Telecoms postal delivery workers with no granite dust exposure. The highly exposed workers showed greater prevalences of chronic cough and phlegm, a mean reduction of 5% in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The increased respiratory morbidity were independent of other factors such as age and smoking. Similar results were also noted after excluding those with silicosis (defined radiologically as profusion greater than 1/1 as read by at least two of three readers). This study strongly indicates a demonstrable risk of "occupational" bronchitis (mucus hypersecretion) and obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment, apart from the "classical" risk of silicosis. Measures taken to protect the health of workers exposed to silica dust should also be based on considerations taken to protect against the risk of these respiratory disorders as well.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Skin test reactivity to common aeroallergens and decline of lung function. The Normative Aging Study.

It has been hypothesized that allergy is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic irreversible airflow obstruction. We have investigated the relation between immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity to common aeroallergens and the subsequent rate of decline of lung function in 1,025 men participating in the Normative Aging Study; subjects had a mean age of 61 +/- 8 (SD) yr and denied any history of asthma. Subjects performed spirometry and underwent allergen skin testing at a baseline visit and performed repeat spirometry after a median of 3.1 yr. Skin prick tests were performed using four glycerin-preserved allergens (house dust, mixed grasses, mixed trees, and ragweed); wheal size was measured at 20 min. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the annual rate of change of lung function in relation to skin test reactivity, defined as a mean wheal size to the 4 allergens > or = 2 mm, after adjustment for age, height, smoking status, and initial lung function. Skin test reactivity was a significant predictor of the annual rates of decline of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. The regression model predicted an excess decline of FEV1 of 9.45 ml/yr for subjects with mean wheal diameter > or = 2 mm (p < 0.05); the excess rate of decline of FEV1/FVC ratio was 0.29 percent/yr (p = 0.001). There was no significant relation between mean wheal diameter and rate of decline of FVC. The magnitude of the effects of a mean wheal diameter > or = 2 mm on rates of decline of FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio are 34% and 49%, respectively, of the magnitude of the effects of current cigarette smoking in these models. We conclude that cutaneous hypersensitivity to common aeroallergens is a significant independent predictor of subsequent decline of lung function among middle-aged and older men with no history of asthma.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

Air pollution from truck traffic and lung function in children living near motorways.

The contribution of motorized traffic to air pollution is widely recognized, but relatively few studies have looked at the respiratory health status of subjects living near busy roads. We studied children in six areas located near major motorways in the Netherlands. We measured lung function in the children, and we assessed their exposure to traffic-related air pollution using separate traffic counts for automobiles and trucks. We also measured air pollution in the children's schools. Lung function was associated with truck traffic density but had a lesser association with automobile traffic density. The association was stronger in children living closest (< 300 m) to the motorways. Lung function was also associated with the concentration of black smoke, measured inside the schools, as a proxy for diesel exhaust particles. The associations were stronger in girls than in boys. The results indicate that exposure to traffic-related air pollution, in particular diesel exhaust particles, may lead to reduced lung function in children living near major motorways.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Lung function in middle distance adolescent runners.

Lung functions (FVC, FEV1, ERV, IC AND MVV) were evaluated in 14 boys and 11 girls practising for middle distance running events in the age range of 13 to 17 years before and after one year training. The findings suggest that during adolescence, development of lung under proper nutritional and health conditions is governed by the process of growth with negligible additional effect of physical activity. However, physical exercises during growth may help in developing a reduced resistance to expiration and a greater endurance in respiratory muscles.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Lung function norms in healthy working women.

Two hundred seventy four healthy working women subjects representing different states were subjected to pulmonary function testing to establish linear multiple regression model. Lung functions were considered as dependent variables while age, height and weight as independent variables. Highly significant negative correlation of all lung function parameters with age and positive correlations with height and weight were observed. Females showed a decline of 0.203, 0.199 and 0.210 litres per decade in FVC, FEV0.75 and FEV1.0 parameters respectively. An increase in FVC, FEV0.75 and FEV1.0 values was found to be 0.0217, 0.0132 and 0.0178 litres respectively per unit centimeter increase in height.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Relationships between atopy and lung function: results from a sample of one hundred medical students in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing dramatically and several studies have shown that atopy is related to asthmatic symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationships between atopic status and asthmatic predisposition (obstructive change in lung function) in apparently healthy young adults in Japan. METHODS: A sample of 100 healthy Japanese medical students were subjected to a skin prick test for 11 common aeroallergens and food allergens, and their spirometric lung function was measured. RESULTS: Surprisingly, 90% of them showed a positive prick test result for at least one of the 11 allergens tested, and 59% of them showed allergic responses to more than three allergens. The positive rate for Dermatophagoidesfarinae (Der) was the highest (71.0%), followed by house dust (57.0%), Dactylois gloinerata (42.0%), Cryptomeria gromerata (Cry) (40.0%), and cat fur (39.0%). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the positive rates for Der and Cry between groups with and without either the present illness or past history of any of the three major allergic diseases: bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AD), or allergic rhinitis (AR). Compared with the positive rates for these aeroallergens, those for food allergens were much lower (4% to 9%). Several lung function parameters, including the levels of FEV1% and %V50 which reflect obstructive pulmonary changes, showed significant negative correlation to the number of skin prick test-positive allergens. The same correlation was observed for groups without either the present illness or past history of BA. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that those who are multi-allergic tend to feature subclinical asthma-like changes in their lung functions. Further studies are needed to determine whether this multi-allergic status can lead to future onset of asthma or other allergic diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The importance of lung function, non-malignant diseases associated with asbestos, and symptoms as predictors of ischaemic heart disease in shipyard workers exposed to asbestos.

The mortality from ischaemic heart disease was studied in a prospective cohort of 1725 shipyard workers exposed to asbestos. The analyses were stratified for age and smoking habits and restricted to men. In agreement with other findings, men with impaired lung function had a significantly higher risk (relative risk (RR) = 3.5) of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men with normal lung function. Men with asbestosis or suspected asbestosis had a significantly higher risk (RR = 3.1) of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men without asbestosis. Thus asbestosis or suspected asbestosis also seemed to be a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease. This finding was independent of respiratory function. There was no increased risk for ischaemic heart disease in men with compared with men without pleural plaques. Men with production of phlegm or sputum and wheezing or whistling had no increased risk for ischaemic heart disease compared with men without these symptoms. In the group with normal lung function men with dyspnoea had a significantly higher risk of dying from ischaemic heart disease than men without dyspnoea. The findings for men with asbestosis or suspected asbestosis indicated a further risk factor besides impaired lung function, in persons exposed to asbestos. Perhaps this risk factor is due to lesions of the pericardium with consequences for heart function.

Aged↗