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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Electrophoretic mobility study on ion-ion interactions in an aqueous solution.

Ion-ion interactions between anions and their pairing ions in aqueous solutions were studied through the measurements of electrophoretic mobilities of analyte ions in capillary zone electrophoresis, where the electrophoretic method for the analysis of ion association reaction is shown to be more useful than the conductometric method widely used in the analysis of the reactions. The electrophoretic mobility of monovalent inorganic anions was almost identical even when the concentrations of alkali metal ions and quaternary ammonium ions in the migrating solution were varied up to 15 mM. On the other hand, the electrophoretic mobility of organic anions, such as monovalent and divalent anions, decreased with increasing concentrations of quaternary ammonium ions. Changes in the electrophoretic mobilities were analyzed by a non-linear least-squares method giving ion association constants. The results indicate that the proposed method is applicable to the analysis of such reactions to give the mobility change. The ion association constants obtained in an aqueous solution were related to the extraction constants of the ion associates, and the contributions of the association process and the distribution process were clarified.

Acids↗

PubMed2002

Rasch analysis of the Rivermead Mobility Index: a study using mobility measures of first-stroke inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and item unidimensionality of the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) by using Rasch analysis. DESIGN: Application of Rasch analysis on the RMI partial data set. SETTING: A stroke program at a rehabilitation hospital in Italy. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 308 consecutive patients (155 women, 153 men; avg age, 62.79+/-11.94 y) hospitalized between 1990 and 1996. Average interval between stroke onset and admission was 52.48+/-36.22 days. INTERVENTION: Medical inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' mobility status was assessed using the RMI administered at admission and discharge. Ratings were assigned by 4 staff members working as a team. We performed separate Rasch analyses on the RMI data, gathered from different groups of first stroke inpatients examined before and after rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS: asch analysis showed the overall good validity of the RMI, except for item 15, which did not fit the unidimensional continuum estimated through the Rasch rating model. CONCLUSION: The RMI is a unidimensional scale with a hierarchy of easy-to-hard test questions. Item difficulty level was stable when processed on different groups of patients assessed on different occasions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Human factors and aging: an overview of research needs and application opportunities.

Diversity and a potential for growth characterize the field of human factors and aging. An overview of this area is presented to complement the in-depth articles that appear in this special issue. The historical origins of human factors and aging are presented, followed by a review and evaluation of the importance of conceptual thinking for this field of inquiry. The need to assemble basic data on the capabilities and limitations of the elderly, including subpopulations, is offered as a major and critical challenge. The areas of work, retirement, mobility, and the home environment serve to illustrate applications and avenues of intervention. Throughout the paper the status of current research and directions for future research are highlighted.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Chemical partitioning of aluminium in rocks, soils, and sediments acidified by mining activity.

The work presented describes the application of different analytical approaches for study of aluminium mobility in rock, soil, and sediment samples affected by mining activity (secondary quartzites with sulfidic deposits). For this purpose we used a combination of the single extractions, the optimized BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP), and reactive aluminium determination after chelating ion-exchange on Ostsorb (Iontosorb) Salicyl by a batch technique with flame atomic absorption spectrometry quantification. The single extraction agents H(2)O, KCl, NH(4)Cl, and BaCl(2) were found to be the best for the quantitative estimation of the aluminium mobility in rocks, soils, and sediments caused by acidification of the environment. This fact was confirmed by reactive aluminium determination in the same samples. The vast majority of the aluminium content of samples after application of the optimized BCR three-step SEP is in the residues. The available fraction of aluminium extracted by dilute CH(3)COOH in the first step of this procedure correlates with the reactive aluminium content. The amounts of aluminium released in the second and the third steps and the sums from steps 1-3 of this procedure are closely associated with the aluminium content values obtained by the single dilute HCl leach. The accuracy of results obtained was verified with only informative values for individual fractions of the BCR three-step SEP because of the absence of suitable certified or standard reference materials. The amounts of the reactive aluminium determined in samples was in the range 12-82% of total soluble Al in the filtered H(2)O extracts. It was confirmed that the acidified polluted samples contain the most of reactive Al content, which is responsible for its toxicity.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Physical activity and exercise for women with mobility impairments.

Decisions regarding exercise or physical activity for women with mobility impairments are more complex than those made by other women and by people without mobility limitations. The epidemiologic caveat that being active improves health and well-being generally is applicable, but on the individual level there will be exceptions. For many mobility-limiting conditions, there has been a paucity of research that includes women and even less that focuses specifically on women. Although there is beginning to be evidence that this is changing, there are many unaddressed needs and opportunities for future study.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2004

Scalable mobile information system to support the treatment process and the workflow of wastewater facilities.

In order to support the operation of wastewater systems and the workflow of sewage systems an application for demonstration has been developed to show exemplarily how a mobile information system can be transferred into practice and used by the staff. The paper presents a scalable information visualisation system, which can be used with mobile devices. The regarded information data does not only include process data, but also general information about buildings and units, work directions, occupational safety regulations as well as instructions of first aid in case of a work accident. This is particularly appropriate for the use in remote facilities. The implementation is based on but not limited to SQL, JSP and HTML.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1997

Rhamnolipid (biosurfactant) effects on cell aggregation and biodegradation of residual hexadecane under saturated flow conditions.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of low concentrations of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbon entrapped in a porous matrix. Experiments were performed with sand-packed columns under saturated flow conditions with hexadecane as a model hydrocarbon. Application of biosurfactant concentrations greater than the CMC (the concentration at which the surfactant molecules spontaneously form micelles or vesicles [0.03 mM]) resulted primarily in the mobilization of hexadecane entrapped within the sand matrix. In contrast, application of biosurfactant concentrations less than the CMC enhanced the in situ mineralization of entrapped hexadecane; however, this effect was dependent on the choice of bacterial isolate. The two Pseudomonas isolates tested, R4 and ATCC 15524, were used because they exhibit different patterns of biodegradation of hexadecane, and they also differed in their physical response to rhamnolipid addition. ATCC 15524 cells formed extensive multicell aggregates in the presence of rhamnolipid while R4 cells were unaffected. This behavior did not affect the ability of the biosurfactant to enhance the biodegradation of hexadecane in well-mixed soil slurry systems but had a large affect on the extent of entrapped hexadecane biodegradation in the sand-packed-column system that was used in this study.

Alkanes↗

PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in psychiatry: potential, pitfalls, and promise.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a novel noninvasive approach to measuring important metabolites in living tissue. Its application to psychiatry is just beginning. In vivo MRS with 31P provides important information on brain phospholipid metabolism and energy production. In vivo 13C and 1H MRS can reveal information about carbohydrate, protein, and amino acid metabolism. In vivo 7Li and 19F MRS can be used to study the pharmacology of lithium and fluorinated psychopharmacological agents. MRS with 23Na can yield information about electrolyte balance. The limitations of in vivo MRS include poor sensitivity, poor resolution, and the fact that only highly mobile atomic nuclei can be detected. Future clinical application of MRS will benefit from improvements in the technology of localization, use of spectroscopy contrast agents, stronger magnets, and the merging of MRS and imaging technology.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Heavy metal mobility in biosolids-amended glaciated soils.

The mobility of heavy metals from one-time application of biosolids (i.e., compost, pellet, and cement kiln dust stabilized biosolids) onto glaciated soils (Paxton soil) was studied because previous work on metal leachate characteristics from different biosolids is limited for glaciated soils. Two types of batch tests were performed: first, a pH-edge adsorption study to evaluate the effect of pH on heavy metal adsorption to Paxton soil and, second, a pH-edge leaching study to evaluate the effect of pH on the leaching potential of heavy metals from biosolids-amended Paxton soil. Finally, a semicontinuous soil column study was performed to assess the mobility of heavy metals from biosolids-amended Paxton soil. The pH-edge leaching results showed that the leaching potential of heavy metals was lower with the compost product. Desorption concentrations for arsenic, chromium, and lead were found to be greatest in the cement kiln dust stabilized product whereas cadmium, copper, and nickel were present at the greatest concentrations in the pellets. The total organic carbon results measured during the pH-edge leaching study indicated that there is a minimum leachable concentration in the pH range of 4 to 5 for all three biosolids. Overall, the column studies indicated that heavy metals were not readily leached from the three biosolids-amended Paxton soils. The results from this study suggest that a one-time land application of these biosolids will not adversely affect groundwater quality.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A streaming-based solution for remote visualization of 3D graphics on mobile devices.

Mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants, Tablet PCs, and cellular phones have greatly enhanced user capability to connect to remote resources. Although a large set of applications are now available bridging the gap between desktop and mobile devices, visualization of complex 3D models is still a task hard to accomplish without specialized hardware. This paper proposes a system where a cluster of PCs, equipped with accelerated graphics cards managed by the Chromium software, is able to handle remote visualization sessions based on MPEG video streaming involving complex 3D models. The proposed framework allows mobile devices such as smart phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and Tablet PCs to visualize objects consisting of millions of textured polygons and voxels at a frame rate of 30 fps or more depending on hardware resources at the server side and on multimedia capabilities at the client side. The server is able to concurrently manage multiple clients computing a video stream for each one; resolution and quality of each stream is tailored according to screen resolution and bandwidth of the client. The paper investigates in depth issues related to latency time, bit rate and quality of the generated stream, screen resolutions, as well as frames per second displayed.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1999

[Modern long-term oxygen therapy--practical aspects].

Modern and accurately performed long term oxygen therapy improves quality of life and life expectancy in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease suffering from hypoxemia. This type of therapy often fails since the patient is bothered by the nasal prongs and fears to dwell outside his home. As a consequence, the major goal of this form of therapy, namely enhanced patients mobility is not attained. Oxygen can be delivered at a high efficiency by a transtracheal catheter. This mode of application may considerably improve the patients comfort and hence his compliance and mobility.

Home Care Services, Hospital-Based↗

PubMed1997

Real-time neural network based camera localization and its extension to mobile robot control.

The feasibility of using neural networks for camera localization and mobile robot control is investigated here. This approach has the advantages of eliminating the laborious and error-prone process of imaging system modeling and calibration procedures. Basically, two different approaches of using neural networks are introduced of which one is a hybrid approach combining neural networks and the pinhole-based analytic solution while the other is purely neural network based. These techniques have been tested and compared through both simulation and real-time experiments and are shown to yield more precise localization than analytic approaches. Furthermore, this neural localization method is also shown to be directly applicable to the navigation control of an experimental mobile robot along the hallway purely guided by a dark wall strip. It also facilitates multi-sensor fusion through the use of multiple sensors of different types for control due to the network's capability of learning without models.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

What does "plasmid biology" currently mean? Summary of the Plasmid Biology 2004 Meeting.

Almost 200 scientists from America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa participated in the Plasmid Biology 2004 meeting, which was organized between 15th and 21st September 2004 in Kanoni (Corfu island), Greece. Various aspects of biology of plasmids and other mobile genetic elements were discussed during the meeting, including problems of replication, transfer, stable inheritance, and evolution. Medical and veterinary aspects of plasmids were highlighted as well as other applications of these replicons. It appears that plasmids and other mobile genetic elements are still excellent models in studies of basic biological problems at the molecular level, and their role in medicine and genetic engineering can be enormous. Moreover, studies on ecology of plasmids provide extremely important data that can be used in environment protection as well as in biotechnology. Understanding the importance of studies on plasmids and other mobile genetic elements, participants of the meeting decided to establish the International Society for Plasmid Biology.

Biological Evolution↗

PubMed2004

AICRG, Part V: Factors influencing implant stability at placement and their influence on survival of Ankylos implants.

PROBLEM: Several factors influence primary stabilization of dental implants at placement surgery. These include implant design, bone quality, implant jaw location, and the use of a bone tap. PURPOSE: This report evaluates clinical data gathered by the Ankylos Implant Clinical Research Group (AICRG) to assess (1) the influence of several variables on primary stability and (2) the potential for an Ankylos implant (Friadent GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) that is mobile at placement to integrate and survive for at least 3 years of clinical function. METHODS: The Ankylos implant is a roughened grade-2 titanium screw. A total of 1554 implants were placed in 478 patients. At both the time of placement and abutment connection, the implants were tested for evidence of clinical mobility by attempting to rotate or move the implant with an application of force. Survival was recorded from placement and up to 36 months following placement. RESULTS: At placement, 2.8% were found to be mobile. In the maxillary posterior quadrant, 6.3% were clinically mobile. Implant mobility was frequent (12.2%) in jaw regions with poor-quality bone (BQ-4) or with short implants (8 mm = 8.3% mobile). Of the implants mobile at placement, 97.7% were stable at uncovering. The 3-year postplacement survival of initially mobile implants was 84.1% compared with 96.8% for implants not mobile at placement (chi2 test, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The Ankylos implant predictably promoted primary stability during surgical placement. Poor bone quality, short implants, and maxillary posterior jaw locations were all associated with a slightly higher rate of mobility at placement. Primary implant stability, while highly desirable, is not absolutely necessary for achieving osseointegration of Ankylos

Bone Density↗

PubMed2006

Binding affinities/avidities of antibody-antigen interactions: quantification and scale-up implications.

Bioaffinity interactions have been, and continue to be, successfully adapted from nature for use in separation and detection applications. It has been previously reported that the magnetophoretic mobility of labeled cells show a saturation type phenomenon as a function of the concentration of the free antibody-magnetic nanoparticle conjugate which is consistent with other reports of antibody-fluorophore binding. Starting with the standard antibody-antigen relationship, a model was developed which takes into consideration multi-valence interactions, and various attributes of flow cytometry (FCM) and cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) measurements to determine both the apparent dissociation constant and the antibody-binding capacity (ABC) of a cell. This model was then evaluated on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) labeled with anti CD3 antibodies conjugated to FITC, PE, or DM (magnetic nanoparticles). Reasonable agreements between the model and the experiments were obtained. In addition, estimates of the limitation of the number of magnetic nanoparticles that can bind to a cell as a result of steric hinderance was consistent with measured values of magnetophoretic mobility. Finally, a scale-up model was proposed and tested which predicts the amount of antibody conjugates needed to achieve a given level of saturation as the total number of cells reaches 10(10), the number of cells needed for certain clinical applications, such as T-cell depletions for mismatched bone marrow transplants.

Antibody Affinity↗

PubMed1993

[Long term results of using splints for uniting loose teeth from composite materials].

61 splints made with the method AET strengthened with steel ligature used in uniting of loosened teeth in periodentopathies have been clinically evaluated. Splints from chemo-hardening materials were applied in 32 patients the observation period was from 5 to 10 years. Applying chemo-hardening materials 29 people had their teeth sutured and they were observed from 1 to 5 years. Mobility of splinted teeth, damage of the splint material, change of its colour and pain ailments connected with eventual splint damages and diseases of the pulp of the splinted teeth underwent evaluation. The long period of splints maintenance was the merit of the technology of making them and of the applied materials. In the observation period a little less mobility of teeth splinted in the case of application of light-hardening composites was observed. A greater number of mechanical damages and change of colour was noticed in splints from chemo-hardening materials. It was noticed that the applied materials are very helpful and safe in making splints uniting teeth with the damaged alveolodental ligament.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed1998

Using web technology and Java mobile software agents to manage outside referrals.

A prototype, web-based referral application was created with the objective of providing outside primary care providers (PCP's) the means to refer patients to the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Brigham and Women's Hospital. The application was designed to achieve the two primary objectives of providing the consultant with enough data to make decisions even at the initial visit, and providing the PCP with a prompt response from the consultant. The system uses a web browser/server to initiate the referral and Java mobile software agents to support the workflow of the referral. This combination provides a light client implementation that can run on a wide variety of hardware and software platforms found in the office of the PCP. The implementation can guarantee a high degree of security for the computer of the PCP. Agents can be adapted to support the wide variety of data types that may be used in referral transactions, including reports with complex presentation needs and scanned (faxed) images Agents can be delivered to the PCP as running applications that can perform ongoing queries and alerts at the office of the PCP. Finally, the agent architecture is designed to scale in a natural and seamless manner for unforeseen future needs.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2005

Automatic tracking of individual fluorescence particles: application to the study of chromosome dynamics.

We present a new, robust, computational procedure for tracking fluorescent markers in time-lapse microscopy. The algorithm is optimized for finding the time-trajectory of single particles in very noisy dynamic (two- or three-dimensional) image sequences. It proceeds in three steps. First, the images are aligned to compensate for the movement of the biological structure under investigation. Second, the particle's signature is enhanced by applying a Mexican hat filter, which we show to be the optimal detector of a Gaussian-like spot in 1/omega2 noise. Finally, the optimal trajectory of the particle is extracted by applying a dynamic programming optimization procedure. We have used this software, which is implemented as a Java plug-in for the public-domain ImageJ software, to track the movement of chromosomal loci within nuclei of budding yeast cells. Besides reducing trajectory analysis time by several 100-fold, we achieve high reproducibility and accuracy of tracking. The application of the method to yeast chromatin dynamics reveals different classes of constraints on mobility of telomeres, reflecting differences in nuclear envelope association. The generic nature of the software allows application to a variety of similar biological imaging tasks that require the extraction and quantitation of a moving particle's trajectory.

Algorithms↗