SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Neoplasm Grading”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Expression of E-cadherin, cellular differentiation and polarity in epithelial salivary neoplasms.

To investigate whether expression of E-cadherin correlates with polarised tissue organisation, grade or tumour type in salivary neoplasms, frozen sections from 30 salivary gland neoplasms were stained immunohistochemically for E-cadherin using the antibody HECD-1 and compared to the staining patterns in five samples of normal salivary gland. Lesions with areas of lack of staining were restained at two higher antibody concentrations. Normal salivary gland stained strongly around the periphery of acinar and ductal cells. Neoplasms mostly stained strongly regardless of neoplasm type. Reproducible loss of expression was found only in epithelial cells showing stromal or plasmacytoid (hyaline) differentiation in pleomorphic adenoma. Low- and high- grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas, adenocarcinoma NOS and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed focal loss of expression but this was not related to tissue architecture, differentiation or invasiveness. We conclude that the relationship seen between E-cadherin expression and cell polarity/glandular organisation in breast and colon does not appear to exist for salivary gland neoplasms in which the diversity of architectural patterns precludes detection of any simple relationship. E-cadherin expression seems unlikely to be a useful marker for diagnosis or prognosis in salivary neoplasia in general.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma in a patient with H. pylori infection. Could the two neoplasms share a common pathogenesis?

Low-grade primary MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma of the stomach is a neoplasm with an indolent course and a good prognosis. Patients with this type of neoplasm seem to have a higher risk for other neoplasms. Of interest is the association of gastric MALT lymphoma with gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal type. We report the case of a patient, with a history of H. pylori-related gastritis, in whom a diagnosis of synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal type and low-grade MALT lymphoma, occurring as collision tumors, was made. The stage procedures confirmed the presence of a locally advanced gastric tumor staged as T3 N1. The patient underwent two cycles of neoadjuvant EEP (etoposide, epirubicin, cisplatin) chemotherapy. After 2 months, a R0 total gastrectomy with D2-lymphoadenectomy was successfully performed. The development of simultaneous primary gastric lymphoma and carcinoma is a rare event. The possible coexistence of both tumors should be kept in mind, especially in patients infected with H. pylori, since a possible etiopathogenetic role of this bacterium has been differently postulated for both disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Ki67 antigen immunostaining (MIB 1 monoclonal antibody) in serous ovarian tumors: index of proliferative activity with prognostic significance.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological significance of Ki67 antigen expression in serous ovarian tumors, through the analysis of MIB 1 monoclonal antibody reactivity in cystoadenomas, borderline tumors, and invasive cystoadenocarcinomas; the correlation between this index of cell proliferation and clinicopathologic parameters (FIGO stage and grade, and disease-free survival) was also investigated in invasive cystoadenocarcinomas. Fifty-four patients with serous ovarian tumors, treated at the Institute of Gynecologic and Obstetrics, Ancona University, Italy, were used as study population; 10 women had serous cystoadenoma, 16 women had serous borderline tumor, and 28 women had invasive cystoadenocarcinoma. The expression of primary tumor proliferation related to Ki67 antigen was immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal MIB 1 antibody (Immunotech, Marseille Cedex, France) on microwave oven-processed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Compared to cystoadenomas and borderline tumors, the tissular Ki67 antigen immunostaining was significantly higher in cystoadenocarcinomas, with the highest values in architectural grade 2 and 3 neoplasms (P < 0.001). Within the cystoadenocarcinomas, a relationship was observed between the measured proliferation index and disease FIGO stage, but it was not significant (P = 0.92). However, patients who recurred and/or had disease progression presented a primitive neoplasm with significantly higher expression of Ki67 antigen than that of patients with disease-free survival (P = 0.01). A significant relationship was observed between the Ki67 index and disease-free survival, independent of histologic grade and stage, evaluated by Cox hazards analysis (P = 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Myofibroblastic malignancies.

Malignant tumors composed of myofibroblasts are increasingly being recognized, but their existence remains controversial. Currently accepted examples within this category represent spindle cell or pleomorphic neoplasms of the soft tissues with a spectrum of histological grades. Low- and intermediate-grade myofibrosarcomas are fascicular spindle cell neoplasms resembling fibrosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma. They infiltrate deep soft tissue with disproportionate involvement of head and neck sites and can recur locally but infrequently metastasize. They variably express myoid immunohistochemical markers, and their differential diagnosis includes benign myofibroblastic proliferations such as fasciitis and fibromatosis as well as other types of spindle cell sarcoma. High-grade (pleomorphic) myofibrosarcomas are an ultrastructurally defined subset of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which they resemble in morphology and behavior. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and infantile fibrosarcoma are neoplasms that have myofibroblastic features and have been included in this category, but they have distinctive genetic findings. This article reviews the concept of myofibrosarcoma and describes its variants.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands.

Two parotid mucoepidermoid carcinomas with predominant oncocytic features were initially assessed on frozen section. Because of extensive oncocytic change, it was inferred that the lesions were most likely benign. Permanent sections revealed low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with prominent oncocytic change (in more than 75% of the neoplasms) in both cases. Review of 48 additional consecutive cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands revealed prominent oncocytic change (accounting for 60% of the neoplasm) in one high-grade lesion. Phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stains revealed strong granular cytoplasmic staining in the oncocytic elements; immunohistochemical stains for antimitochondrial antibodies also showed intense immunoreactivity in these cells. Oncocytic change is not typically a prominent feature of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands, and to our knowledge, only three such cases have been reported previously. Because most salivary gland lesions with oncocytic change are benign, it is important to distinguish mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other entities that may show prominent oncocytic change. We report three additional examples of this rare lesion, two low-grade tumors and one high-grade tumor, and review our experience with oncocytic change in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential: evolving terminology and concepts.

PURPOSE: The most controversial aspect of the new WHO 2004/ISUP classification system is the creation of the PUNLMP diagnostic category. We discuss PUNLMP tumors and the WHO 2004/ISUP classification system with an emphasis on tumor morphology and heterogeneity, recurrence and progression rates, tumor genetics, interobserver variability and the usefulness of biomarkers and molecular diagnostic techniques for grading bladder tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search using PubMed was performed. All relevant literature concerning PUNLMP and the WHO 2004/ISUP grading system for urothelial neoplasms was reviewed. RESULTS: The new WHO 2004/ISUP classification reflects work in progress. Low malignant potential terminology may not reflect the true biological behavior of these tumors. Additionally, interobserver variability in making a diagnosis of PUNLMP is high despite detailed histological criteria. Urine cytopathology in the context of the WHO 2004/ISUP classification does not appear to effectively discriminate PUNLMP from low grade carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: For practical purposes patients with PUNLMP should be treated similarly to patients with low grade, noninvasive urothelial carcinoma. It is our hope that recent advances in the molecular grading of these tumors may eventually supplant traditional morphological classification, allowing a more precise and objective assessment of the biological potential of these tumors.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microvessel density in brain tumors.

Sections from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue from 165 patients with brain tumors including 62 meningiomas, 80 supratentorial astrocytomas (19 astrocytomas-grade I/II, 20 anaplastic astrocytomas-grade III, 41 glioblastomas-grade IV), 7 cerebellar astrocytomas-grade I/II, one gliosarcoma, 7 oligodendrogliomas, 3 ependymomas and 5 medulloblastomas were immunostained for factor VIII-related antigen in order to highlight microvessel endothelial cells. Microvessel count (MVC; the highest number of microvessels in three areas of highest vascular density at X200 magnification) was determined and correlated with histological grade of tumors and patients' sex and age. The mean MVC was 27.9 in meningiomas. Astrocytic tumors, particularly malignant astrocytomas (grade III, IV), were highly vascular. The mean MVC as regards the supratentorial astrocytic neoplasms was 14.5 in astrocytomas (grade I/II), 42.3 in anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and 50.2 in glioblastomas (grade IV). All cerebellar astrocytomas studied, even though well differentiated (grade I/II), were highly vascularised tumors (MVC: 41.1. A comparison of the mean MVC vlaues showed that there was a statistically significant difference between supratentorial astrocytomas (Grade I-II) and cerebellar astrocytomas (Grade I-II) (p = 0.0004), anaplastic astrocytomas (Grade I-II) (p = 0.00004) and glioblastomas (p = 0.00001). There was no significant difference between cerebellar astrocytomas and anaplastic astrocytomas (p = 0.8) and glioblastomas (p = 0.4). Astrocytic neoplasms showed statistically significant higher mean MVC from meningiomas (p = 0.002). The mean MVC was 14.1 in oligodendrogliomas, 22.7 in ependymomas and 19.6 in medulloblastomas. In one gliosarcoma that was studied the MVC was 40. The MVC appeared to be independent of the age and sex of patients. This study supports the importance of microvessel density as a measure of angiogenesis, as well as a further morphologic feature in the classification of brain tumors. The determination of microvessel density may become useful in the planning and monitoring of anti-angiogenesis therapies of these tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Postoperative radiotherapy in the management of spinal cord ependymoma.

Fifty-eight patients with histologically verified spinal cord ependymomas were treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital and Atkinson Morley's Hospital between 1950 and 1987. The median age in this series was 40 years (range 1 to 79 years) and the male:female ratio was 1.8:1. Ten patients had tumors in the cervical cord and 10 in the thoracic cord; 14 tumors involved the conus medullaris and 24 the cauda equina. Forty ependymomas were grade I and 13 were grades II to IV (in five patients there was insufficient material for grading). Eleven patients underwent biopsy only, 33 had partial or subtotal resection, and 14 had complete resection. Forty-three patients received postoperative radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 70 months (range 3 to 408 months). Cause-specific survival rates were 74% and 68% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. On univariate analysis, age, histological grade, postoperative neurological function, and era of treatment were significant prognostic factors for survival. The histological grade was the only significant independent prognostic factor. The relative risk of death from ependymoma was 9.0 for patients with tumor grades II to IV compared to grade I (p less than 0.005, 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 30). The survival rates of patients following complete excision were significantly better compared to those after incomplete surgery (p less than 0.025). The majority of completely resected neoplasms were low-grade cauda equina tumors. Despite incomplete surgery, 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates following radical radiotherapy were both 59%, and cause-specific survival rates were 69% at 5 years and 62% at 10 years. This suggests that radiotherapy may achieve long-term tumor control in over half of those patients with residual spinal ependymoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon tumor that most often occurs in the parotid gland. The most common subtype is marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma, extranodal, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. This subtype has recently been included in the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms, as well as in the upcoming World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms. This low-grade lymphoma usually arises in a background of benign lymphoepithelial lesion or myoepithelial sialadenitis that is associated with the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome. It occasionally develops in patients who do not have a history of autoimmune disease. When mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma occurs in the salivary gland, as in other extranodal sites such as the stomach, it is usually an indolent neoplasm that tends to remain localized for long periods of time, even without treatment. Eventually, however, the tumor may disseminate or transform to a higher grade. The histologic distinction of myoepithelial sialadenitis from low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma can be a difficult diagnostic challenge and many of these lesions continue to be ambiguously diagnosed as "pseudolymphoma." Immunophenotypic or flow cytometric analysis may be useful in showing an aberrant phenotype or immunoglobulin light-chain restriction, which helps to support a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in most cases. Molecular genetic analysis for immunoglobulin gene rearrangements also may be useful in showing monoclonality, although the exact significance of this finding in some cases remains controversial.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

Prognostic factors in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: an analysis of 136 cases with a proposal for low-grade and intermediate-grade groups.

PURPOSE: In some organs (eg, the lung), endocrine tumors are classified on the basis of mitotic rate and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms recently treated at a single institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 136 patients undergoing surgery from 1979 to 1998, the influence on disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of tumor size, mitotic rate, vascular invasion, necrosis, metastases, and nuclear grade was determined. Cases were further grouped according to an existing proposed classification system and then regrouped on the basis of mitotic rate (< 2 mitoses per 50 high-power fields v higher) and necrosis (present or absent) into low- and intermediate-grade groups. RESULTS: Correlations with DFS and DSS in univariate analysis included < or = 2 mitoses per 50 high-power fields (P =.001, P =.002), vascular invasion (P =.02, P =.04), size < or = 2 cm (P =.01, P =.05), metastases (P =.0002, P =.07), necrosis (P =.002, P =.16), and nuclear grade (P =.04, P =.33), respectively. By multivariate analysis, for DFS, tumor necrosis and presence of metastases retained significance (P =.01, P =.04, respectively). For DSS, only mitotic rate was a prognostic factor (P =.02). Among the 18 macroadenomas, eight borderline tumors, and 48 low-grade carcinomas, there was no significant difference in DSS between any groups (P =.3). However, in evaluating our newly proposed groups, the differences in DFS and DSS between low- and intermediate-grade groups were highly significant (P =.0007, P =.006, respectively). CONCLUSION: Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms exhibit a spectrum of biologic behavior, and the proposed benign (macroadenoma) and borderline groups contain potentially aggressive tumors. An alternative system based on mitotic rate and necrosis correlates strongly with survival without specifically designating any group as benign.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

[Malignant cerebellar ganglioglioma. A case report and review of the literature].

Ganglioglioma is usually a well differentiated slowly growing mixed neuronal and glial neoplasm corresponding to WHO grade I or II. However, some gangliogliomas are considered to be WHO grade III because they exhibit anaplastic features in their glial component. Finally there are exceptionally rare cases of newly diagnosed gangliogliomas with grade IV changes in the glial component. We report a case of a 25-year-old woman with a family history of neurofibromatosis who presented initially with a World Health Organization grade IV anaplastic ganglioglioma (a mixed ganglion cell multiform tumor glioblastoma). Despite aggressive management, the patient died of disease in a relatively short period. Histologically, two cell populations were noted: a predominant glial component consisting in a multiform glioblastoma and ganglion cells supporting a diagnosis of ganglioglioma. Immunohistochemical analysis clearly distinguished the two tumor cell populations. Although other cases of grade III gangliogliomas and twelve cases of grade IV gangliogliomas have been reported, the present case is exceptional in that, to our knowledge, it is the second case of a patient who presented initially with a composite grade IV ganglioglioma and who was clinically followed up to the time of death. This case allows direct comparison between the histological findings in a multiform glioblastoma and a ganglioglioma. It also documents the aggressive biologic behavior of this complex neoplasm.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Mucin-producing neoplasms of the pancreas. Intraductal papillary and mucinous cystic neoplasms.

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the clinicopathologic features of the intraductal papillary and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas and clarified the similarities as well as the differences between these two tumors. In addition, they reviewed 104 cases of the intraductal papillary neoplasm in the English literature to provide a global view of the condition. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Controversy about the term and clinicopathologic entity still exist regarding intraductal papillary neoplasm of the pancreas. Currently, with only a few cases of this rare tumor in each report, there continues to be inadequate knowledge available regarding the tumor and methods by which to distinguish it from the mucinous cystic neoplasm. METHODS: Multiple demographic and clinicopathologic parameters were compared between intraductal papillary and mucinous cystic neoplasms identified from 1985 to 1994 in the Medical Center, Veterans General Hospital--Taipei. RESULTS: There were four intraductal papillary adenocarcinomas and 10 mucinous cystic neoplasms (8 cystadenocarcinoma and 2 cystadenoma). The sex, age, size, tumor location, and pathologic findings were quite different between these two groups. Clinical presentation of intraductal papillary adenocarcinomas were similar to those of periampullary tumors. The most common presentations of mucinous cystic neoplasm were epigastric pain and abdominal mass. All four intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma showed mucin secretion from a patulous orifice of the ampulla of Vater and filling defects in the dilated main pancreatic duct by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Accurate preoperative diagnosis was not easy regarding either group. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was more useful for diagnosis in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The intraductal papillary neoplasm is a unique clinical entity but not a variant of mucinous cystic neoplasm in terms of sex, age, size, tumor location, or pathologic picture. The pathognomonic findings of ERCP should lead to diagnosis. Very aggressive surgical procedures should be attempted for these two mucin-producing neoplasms with low-grade malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed2002

[Tracheobronchial surgery].

UNLABELLED: During the flowering of cardiothoracic surgery over the past 50 years, surgery of the major airway failed to develop correspondingly. The relative rarity of such cases accounts in past for this laggardness. Surgical diseases of the trachea, whether inflammatory or neoplastic, largely are presented as an obstructive problems of the airway. Surgical management of these lesions is based on simple concept of resection of the involved area of the trachea, when the larynx has not been lost because of affection by the primary disease. Primary end-to-end reconstruction of the trachea has been generally recognized as the ideal method of repair following resection. However, based on Belsey's experience it was widely believed, that only 2 cm at most could be removed and the trachea reconstruction by end-to-end suture in any dependable fashion. During the period of 30 years tracheobronchial surgical reconstructions have been accomplished in 187 patients. CONCLUSION: Management of the patients with stenosis of the trachea and main bronchi must be started promptly. Emergency treatment for the patients with severe tracheal stenosis is rigid bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Circular tracheal resection is the best method of radical treatment for patients with benign and malignant tracheal narrowing. Sleeve resection is the ideal form of excisional therapy for benign endobronchial tumors, neoplasms of low-grade malignant potential, and bronchostenosis. For patients with tracheobronchial stenosis who are no candidates for surgical reconstruction, tracheobronchial stenting is the management of choice.

Bronchi↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic value of mitotic activity in endometrial stromal sarcoma: report of two cases.

Two patients with endometrial stromal neoplasms, one low-grade and one high-grade malignant stromal sarcomas, were treated. The tumor cells of these two sarcomas had many common cytologic features and were similar to normal endometrial stromal cells. However, frequent mitoses were characteristic of the cytologic specimens of the high-grade stromal sarcoma but not of those of the low-grade sarcoma. Mitotic activity thus appears to offer a clear distinction in the cytologic differentiation between grades of endometrial stromal sarcoma and may serve as a guide to prognosis and treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Cystadenocarcinoma (papillary cystadenocarcinoma) of the submandibular gland.

Cystadenocarcinoma (papillary cystadenocarcinoma) of the salivary gland is a rare malignant neoplasm. Major locations of this neoplasm are the parotid gland, the sublingual gland, and minor salivary glands, while occurrence in the submandibular gland is extremely rare. As far as we know, only one report, written in the French language, has been published concerning cystadenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland, but no report is available in the English language. In this report, we describe a case of cystadenocarcinoma arising from the submandibular gland of a 54-year-old male patient. The neoplasm is a low-grade carcinoma, and pre-operative examination may not show typical characteristics of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, as was true in this case, the differential diagnosis from benign lesions is sometimes difficult. This is the first report on cystadenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland in the English language and the first to show a computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of this neoplasm in the submandibular gland.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1995

Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases.

Twenty-one glycogen-rich clear cell carcinomas of the breast were studied. There were 13 invasive carcinomas and 8 intraductal carcinomas. Ten of the invasive carcinomas contained an intraductal component. Three intraductal carcinomas were papillary carcinomas ("intracystic" papillary carcinoma), and the others showed a mixture of solid, micropapillary, and cribriform patterns of growth. Most of the invasive carcinomas had nested, corded, or sheet-like growth patterns, and all were grade 2 or 3 neoplasms. Among patients with invasive carcinoma, two had metastases to axillary lymph nodes and three died of tumor. One patient with intraductal papillary carcinoma experienced two local recurrences, with invasion in the second recurrence. Thirteen cases (62%) exhibited focal apocrine features. Based on this small series, the clear cell morphology did not appear to influence the clinical outcome once stage and grade were taken into account. Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast may be a variant of apocrine carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed2004

Histopathologic aspects of photodynamic therapy for dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus.

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently evaluated for the treatment of superficial neoplasms arising in Barrett's esophagus (BE). An accurate assessment of this technique requires the evaluation of biopsies before and after treatment. However, despite the importance of pathology, only a limited number of studies have systematically assessed the mucosal changes after PDT. To evaluate mucosal changes after PDT, and pathologic variables that may impact on the success of this therapy, we analyzed the pre- and post-PDT biopsies of a cohort of patients treated by this modality. Thirty-three patients (mean age, 71 years) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and/or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) arising in BE and followed up after PDT using Porfimer sodium form the basis of this study. In all patients, a review of all pre- and post-PDT biopsies was performed. The variables recorded included the histologic grade and architecture of neoplasms, the distribution of neoplasms, and squamous re-epithelialization. IMC and HGD coexisted in the pre-PDT biopsies of 18 patients (54.5%). IMC and HGD showed a prominent tubular proliferation in 14 patients and displayed a papillary pattern (at least partially) in 19 patients. In post-PDT, patches of specialized columnar epithelium were buried under squamous epithelium in 17 patients (51.5%), and foci of dysplasia/carcinoma covered by squamous epithelium were found in 9 patients (27.3%). HGD and/or IMC were eradicated in 17 patients (eradicated group) and persisted in 16 patients (persistent group). In the persistent group, grade and architecture were unchanged after PDT in 62.5% and 87.5% of patients, respectively. The persistent group was characterized by: 1) a more frequent papillary architecture (P < 0.05), and 2) a diffuse distribution of the neoplasms on pre-PDT biopsies (P = 0.05). Singularly, the persistent neoplastic lesions were observed in the distal esophagus (P < 0.05). A systematic histopathologic evaluation allowed us to draw attention to the fact that distally located and papillary-type neoplasia seem resistant to PDT. The higher than expected incidence of buried residual neoplastic epithelium should also be emphasized since it represents a risk for undetected growth of malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1983

Acinic cell adenocarcinoma. A clinicopathologic analysis of 294 cases.

Two hundred and ninety-four cases of acinic cell adenocarcinoma were reviewed for the purpose of defining the clinical parameters and determining the distribution of the four histomorphologic tissue patterns and five cell types for correlation to biologic behavior. The vast majority occurred in the parotid gland. There was a male predominance and a peak incidence in the third decade of life. The tumors were usually less than 3 cm in diameter and were slow growing. Pain was a common symptom, but was not indicative of prognosis. Nearly one half of the neoplasms exhibited multiple tissue growth patterns, and three fourths of the tumors displayed more than one cell type. The microcystic pattern was seen most frequently, regardless of the biological behavior of the tumors. The well-differentiated acinic cell was the most prevalent cell type except in cases with metastases, where the intercalated-duct cell type was slightly more frequent. Follow-up of 244 cases revealed a recurrence rate of 12%, a metastatic rate of 7.8%, and death rate of 6.1%. Since all histomorphologic patterns and cell types were manifest in tumors which recurred, metastasized, or caused the death of the patients, it seems appropriate to consider these neoplasms as low-grade adenocarcinomas rather than essentially benign with occasional unpredictable malignant behavior.

Adolescent↗