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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The piriformis muscle syndrome. Sciatic nerve entrapment treated with section of the piriformis muscle.

The piriformis muscle syndrome, a term applied to an abnormal condition of the piriformis muscle, is characterized by symptoms and signs due to sciatic nerve entrapment at the greater sciatic notch. Two patients with this syndrome, successfully treated with section of the piriformis muscle, are reported. The piriformis muscle syndrome should be suspected as part of the differential diagnosis in cases of low back and hip or thigh pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve: an entrapment syndrome.

This report describes an entrapment syndrome of the superficial peroneal nerve terminal sensory branches. Two patients presented with numbness and tingling of the foot dorsum. These symptoms increased with activity such as walking, running, and squatting. The signs were 1) a decrease in sensation to light touch and pin prick on the foot dorsum over the cutaneous distribution of the nerve with sparing of the first web space; 2) a soft tissue bulge over the anterolateral aspect of the leg approximately 10 cm above the lateral malleolus; 3) a Tinel sign over the bulge; 4) an increase in the size of the bulge either with resisted ankle dorsiflexion or weight bearing; and 5) tenderness over the bulge or distally over the terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed an unrecordable evoked response or a prolonged distal latency of the terminal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve. Treatment consisted of surgical decompression of the nerve at the bulge by fasciotomy. Patients responded with complete symptomatic relief. To provide accurate treatment, the diagnosis of entrapment syndrome of the superficial peroneal nerve terminal sensory branches must be differentiated from other causes of pain and numbness in the ankle area.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

Bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome with bilateral radial tunnel syndrome: a double-crush phenomenon. Case report.

A case of bilateral thoracic outlet syndrome combined with bilateral radial tunnel syndrome is reported. Persisting complaints in the upper extremities after bilateral first-rib resection and scalenotomy were due to radial nerve entrapment in the radial tunnel. Although this bilateral double-crush phenomenon is extremely rare, and has not been reported previously, persistence of symptoms after initial treatment of a nerve entrapment is an indication to search for another site of compression.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

MR imaging features of radial tunnel syndrome: initial experience.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of radial tunnel syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived for the retrospective HIPAA-compliant study. MR images of 10 asymptomatic volunteers (six men, four women; mean age, 30 years) and 25 patients (11 men, 14 women; mean age, 49 years) clinically suspected of having radial tunnel syndrome were reviewed for morphologic and signal intensity alterations of the posterior interosseous nerve and adjacent soft-tissue structures. MR images of the asymptomatic volunteers were reviewed to establish the normal appearance of the radial tunnel. MR images of the symptomatic patients were evaluated for the following: signal intensity alteration and morphologic alteration of the posterior interosseous nerve; the presence of mass effect on the posterior interosseous nerve such as the presence of bursae, a thickened leading edge of the extensor carpi radialis brevis, or prominent radial recurrent vessels; signal intensity alteration within the depicted forearm musculature such as edema or atrophy; and signal intensity changes at the origin of the common extensor and common flexor tendons, which would suggest a diagnosis of epicondylitis. RESULTS: All images of volunteers demonstrated normal morphology and signal intensity within the posterior interosseous nerve and adjacent soft tissues. Two volunteers had borderline thickening of the leading edge of the extensor carpi radialis brevis. Thirteen patients (52%) had denervation edema or atrophy within muscles (supinator and extensors) innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve. One patient had isolated pronator teres edema. Seven (28%) patients had the following mass effects along the posterior interosseous nerve: thickened leading edge of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (n = 4), prominent radial recurrent vessels (n = 1), schwannoma (n = 1), or bicipitoradial bursa (n = 1). The rest of the patients had either normal MR imaging findings (n = 4) or lateral epicondylitis (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Muscle denervation edema or atrophy along the distribution of the posterior interosseous nerve is the most common MR finding in radial tunnel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Bicycling-induced ulnar tunnel syndrome.

Symptoms of ulnar tunnel syndrome are commonly experienced by avid bicyclists. Previous orthopedic and hand surgery publications have rarely included bicycling as a causative factor for this condition. We present the case of a 41-year-old man who developed bilateral ulnar tunnel syndrome during a week-long mountain bicycling tour. His symptoms gradually improved with nonoperative treatment measures, including rest, splinting, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The radial tunnel syndrome.

Twenty patients with symptoms present for an average of 21.1 months and who in most cases had been treated by several conservative techniques for chronic tennis elbow were diagnosed as having radial tunnel syndrome, as originally described by Roles and Maudsley. Release of the tunnel was followed by eventual relief in 19 instances (95%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Optic canal syndrome due to posterior ethmoid sinus mucocele. Case report.

A case of mucocele of the posterior ethmoid sinus presenting as unilateral blindness without pain, proptosis, or diplopia is reported. Computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated the precise anatomical relationship of the mucocele to the optic nerve inside the optic canal. It is proposed to use the term "optic canal syndrome" for patients with such clinical and CT presentation. Combined transcranial excision and transnasal drainage resulted in dramatic recovery of vision.

Ethmoid Sinus↗
PubMed1992

[Supinator tunnel syndrome--a differential diagnosis of so-called tennis elbow].

The increasing activity in sport lead especially in untrained persons to overstress of the elbow joint. Often one tends to diagnose a epicondlylits humeri radialis i.E. tennis elbow. In 1873, Runge (16) first described what we now call epicondylitis humeri radialis, i.e. what Morris (10) 1882 called "Tennis elbow." Its etiology is still under discussion, and the diagnosis of tennis elbow necessitates exact and detailed differential diagnostic efforts. In the work presented, we describe one major differential diagnosis, the posterior interosseous nerve syndrome or supinator entrapment syndrome. With sketches and anatomical preparations we describe the course of the radial nerve around the elbow joint and of its ramus profundus within the supinator muscle pouch. Listing representative causes of this syndrome, we also comment on clinical aspects and our surgical method of choice. We have interviewed and reexamined 6 of our patients suffering from a so called therapy-resistant epicondylitis humeri radialis. Due to their clinical picture all six had been operated for posterior interosseous nerve syndrome/supinator muscle entrapment syndrome. We present our results including neurophysiological evaluations. In relapsing, therapy resistant and diagnostically untypical humeral radial epicondylitis, a posterior interosseous nerve syndrome should be considered. After clinical and electromyographic examination a revision of the supinator channel is justified in selected cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Unilateral piriformis syndrome in a patient with previous melanoma.

Several years after undergoing surgery for a malignant melanoma on his left lower back, a 51 year old man developed intermittently severe pain in his left posterior thigh. Plain X-rays showed no abnormality, but computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated an abnormal soft tissue mass in the left sciatic notch. Although a metastasis from the original melanoma was suspected, exploration of the suspicious area revealed only hypertrophy of the left piriformis muscle. This was due to regular gymnasium exercises designed to selectively build up the musculature of the left lower limb, which the patient had undertaken in the firm belief that it would help to prevent a recurrence of his left-sided melanoma. Complete relief of the unilateral piriformis syndrome was achieved by division of the hypertrophied piriformis muscle, thereby relieving the pressure on the left sciatic nerve as it passed through the greater sciatic foramen.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1978

Intercostobrachial nerve entrapment syndrome.

Five patients with intercostobrachial nerve entrapment syndrome are reported. The pain in this syndrome has three aspects: somatic stimulus, perceptual surround, and behavioral response. Each must be dealt with appropriately. The distribution of the pain, its anatomic basis, and its treatment are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Occurrence of nerve entrapment lesion in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of nerve entrapment syndrome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated neurophysiologic results of 41 (25 male and 16 female, mean age 49.8, range 11-87) patients with CIDP. We evaluated the frequency of focal neurophysiologic lesion at entrapment site distinguishing two kinds of lesion: (a) true entrapment; and (b) false entrapment on the basis of nerve conduction results. RESULTS: Occurrence of focal aggression within the entrapment site is similar to that out of the entrapment site in all examined nerves. CONCLUSIONS: The entrapment sites are not an elective zone of focal autoimmune aggression in CIDP. Therefore, in CIDP patients a true entrapment, neurophysiologically demonstrated, could be a concomitant pathology and if a severe and persistent entrapment worsens functional deficit and symptoms, a surgical decompression could be useful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Blow-in fractures of the orbit.

A blow-in fracture is an inwardly displaced fracture of the orbital rim or wall resulting in decreased orbital volume. The purpose of this study is to classify orbital blow-in fractures, describe the distinguishing clinical and radiologic features, and review the result of treatment. The series consists of 41 patients with blow-in fractures (34 males and 7 females). The mean age of the patients was 36 years. All were treated between 1979 and December of 1986 at Sunnybrook Medical Centre in Toronto. Clinical features of blow-in fractures were primarily related to the decrease in volume of the orbital cavity. Proptosis was a consistent finding, and in 27 percent of patients, the globe was further displaced in a coronal plane. Restricted ocular motility and diplopia were documented in 24 and 32 percent of patients, respectively. Fracture fragments displaced into the orbit resulted in globe rupture in 12 percent of patients, superior orbital fissure syndrome in 10 percent, and optic nerve injury in 1 patient. Blow-in orbital injuries were classified as pure fractures, consisting of an isolated blow-in of a segment of the roof, floor, or walls, or impure fractures, where the orbital rim itself was disrupted. In all cases, early decompression of the orbit and open reduction of fractures was necessary. Late sequelae of blow-in fractures were primarily related to injuries of intraorbital contents. Twelve percent of patients underwent enucleation and 8 percent reported persistent diplopia. Despite the presence of superior orbital fissure syndrome and complete ophthalmoplegia in 10 percent of patients, early orbital decompression resulted in resolution of nerve palsies in all but one patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The radial sensory nerve entrapped between the two slips of a split brachioradialis tendon: a rare aspect of Wartenberg's syndrome.

A retrospective study was designed to verify how often an anatomic variation caused the radial sensory nerve entrapment at the forearm (Wartenberg's syndrome). This variation, in which the superficial branch of the radial nerve emerges from under the fascia between two slips of a split brachioradialis tendon, was mentioned once in a clinical textbook as a basis for nerve entrapment but was found to occur in 5 of 150 dissected arms in 4 of 75 cadavers (3.3% of the investigated arms) in a recent anatomic study. To evaluate the incidence of this variation, 143 operative reports from patients who had Wartenberg's syndrome were reviewed. The variation was observed in seven patients. We conclude that any operation for Wartenberg's syndrome should include a thorough investigation of the site where the radial sensory nerve emerges from under the fascia and, if the nerve emerges through a split brachioradialis tendon, the anomalous tendon slip should be divided.

Forearm↗
PubMed1977

[Distal ulnar nerve compression at the wrist. "Loge de Guyon" and "deep ulnar branch" syndrome (author's transl)].

The distal non-traumatic ulnar nerve compression syndrome can be dividded into two types: -i) the proximal (paralytic) type caused by compression in the "Loge de Guyon", with involvement of both the superficial sensory and the deep branch, including the motor branch to the hypothenar muscles, and, ii) the distal, more common, purely motor type (the deep ulnar branch syndrome) with paresis of the interossei and the adductor pollicis, and less commonly of the hypothenar muscles. Whereas the proximal type has various causes, particularly pressure and occupational trauma, the distal type is almost exclusively the result of extra-neural ganglion cysts. An accurate diagnosis is made possible by electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The sensory nerve action potentials, distal motor latency to the hypothenar and adductor pollicis muscles, and the corresponding muscle action potentials after nerve stimulation are pathologically altered, according to the type of lesion. Although spontaneous recovery may occur, operation is the treatment of choice, provided that simple pressure palsy is eliminated.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

[Compression-ischemic peroneal neuropathy].

The clinical picture is described of 4 patients with the syndrome of lesion of the peroneal developing during fixation of some physiological postures (squatting position etc.). The pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease are discussed. The authors report a characteristic monotypical clinical symptom complex of compression-ischemic peroneal neuropathy.

Acute Disease↗