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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Checking of unit dose cassettes by pharmacy technicians at three Minnesota hospitals.

A pilot project in which pharmacy technicians were trained to check unit dose cassettes filled by other technicians is described. With the approval of the state board of pharmacy, the Minnesota Society of Hospital Pharmacists (MSHP) conducted the nine-month project in three hospitals with different types of unit dose drug distribution systems. Twenty-seven technicians underwent didactic and practical training and were then validated as checkers if they scored 99.8% accuracy in checking carts into which errors had been deliberately introduced by the pharmacist auditor. The performance of validated technicians was audited monthly, and failed audits had to be repeated. Participating technicians did not check the preparation of first doses or extemporaneously prepared doses. In 100,000 doses audited, 60 errors by the validated checkers were identified. Of six technicians who failed a monthly audit, five passed a repeat audit. Pharmacists at the participating hospitals documented time they spent on clinical activities that would have been spent checking cassettes. In December 1990 a one-year extension of the project, expanded to 10 hospitals, began. With strict quality control measures, specially selected and trained pharmacy technicians performed unit dose cassette checking with an accuracy of at least 99.94%.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Matrix management in hospital pharmacy departments.

The results of a nationwide survey to determine the managerial structures of selected hospital departments are reported. A questionnaire was mailed in August 1990 to a random sample of 1792 hospital pharmacy directors. The survey included questions on hospital bed capacity and ownership and on the managerial structures used for several departments and services, including pharmacy, satellite pharmacy, home health care, and hospice care. Recipients were asked to indicate a centralized management structure if decisions were made by a single individual; decentralized if the responsibility was distributed down the hierarchy; functional if departments were grouped according to specialties, skills, and knowledge; and matrix if the vertical hierarchy was overlaid by lateral mechanisms of authority. A total of 567 usable responses were received, for a response rate of 31.6%. Across departments, the most frequently reported type of management was centralized. Functional systems and systems that included a combination of features were cited least often. Of the pharmacy departments, 24.5% had decentralized management. Matrix management was used for 11.8%, 9.7%, 7.0%, and 4.7% of the pharmacy, home health-care, hospice-care, and satellite pharmacy departments, respectively, and was used more often in large hospitals than small hospitals. Pharmacy departments in nonprofit hospitals tended to use decentralized management more often than those in for-profit institutions. Centralized management was used most frequently by pharmacy departments, followed by decentralized and matrix management structures. Few pharmacy directors reported plans to implement matrix management.

Ownership↗
PubMed1984

Multidisciplinary quality assessment of a unit dose drug distribution system.

A two-part multidisciplinary study was performed at a 531-bed community hospital to evaluate the unit dose drug distribution system. The first study identified the relative incidence of medication discrepancies between nursing administration records and what actually was delivered for the patient. The second study revealed the incidence of scheduled medications which were returned to the pharmacy unused. In both studies, the reason for each disparity was noted and tabulated. The results of each study were reviewed and specific corrective measures were developed for each problem area detected. Follow-up programs were also recommended to determine the effectiveness of the corrective measures. Other hospitals with unit dose systems may find these study results revealing and useful in evaluating their own distribution services.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMed1983

Staff pharmacists' job attitudes and job performance.

An instrument was developed and used to evaluate job performance of staff pharmacists, and the relationship between performance and job satisfaction was examined. In designing the performance rating instrument (PRI), 23 measurable work-related behaviors of hospital staff pharmacists were identified through interviews with pharmacy directors. For each of the 15 behaviors ranked most important by hospital pharmacy directors, a four-point scale of performance was defined. Job satisfaction was measured using the job descriptive index (JDI) augmented by questions specific to hospital pharmacy practice. Staff pharmacists at eight hospitals completed the JDIs, and their directors completed the corresponding PRIs. Of 66 sets of PRIs and JDIs distributed, 38 pairs of usable responses were returned. There were a number of significant correlations between individual items on the PRI and JDI, but the correlation between the composite scores for the two scales was not significant. JDI and PRI scores decreased with age and years of practice, but the decrease was not significant. The PRI is a short, understandable method of quantifying hospital staff pharmacist performance. No significant correlation between job satisfaction and performance was found.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical pharmacy services: Part II--the issues.

The development of clinical pharmacy programs over the past decade has been both dramatic and satisfying as well as divisive and frustrating. In our experience the broad spectrum of possible clinical activities is responsible for both situations as it concerns the individual pharmacist. At Sunnybrook, liaison pharmacists have accepted departmentally prioritized clinical activities as their primary focus while removed from the distribution system. Documentation for each individual staff member, satellite and departmental achievements for patient counselling, adverse reaction and drug information programs was undertaken to provide visible endpoints for both staff and administration. Hospital Pharmacy visibility to the lay public, a need expressed by several prominent practitioners, has been addressed by the production of a Pharmacy Services Brochure which helps to educate in-patients about our many programs. Lastly the attempt by several colleagues to evaluate the profession's clinical impact by means of a quality assurance program illustrates the difficult task ahead of us if we are to indeed demonstrate an improved patient care program through our efforts.

Nursing Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1996

[Spanish research in international pharmacy and pharmacology journals from 1980 to 1989].

BACKGROUND: During the last years, the usefulness and validity of bibliometric analyses in complementing other types of indicators has been put forward. Especially interesting is the performance of this type of studies in the pharmacological area, due to the important medical and economic repercusions of the research in this field. METHODS: Documents of Spanish authors published in international pharmacological journals covered by the database Science Citation Index (1980-1989) were downloaded. Geographical and institutional distribution of the production, main publication journals and the basic or applied character of the research are some of the parameters analysed. The Expected Impact Factor (FIE) is used as an indicator of the potential influence of the research on the international scientific community. RESULTS: An exponential growth was detected for the number of Spanish publications in international journals of Pharmacy & Pharmacology during the period of 1980-1989. Universities were the most productive institutions, followed by hospitals, the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and industry, with only a small activity from private centers. Geographical distribution of production was very irregular, with Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia as the main productive cities. The increase in productivity was associated with a decrease over time in the FIE, although relatively high FIE journals were mainly used. Research in Pharmacy & Pharmacology showed as a mainly basic field, with a more clinical character for hospitals than for the remaining institutions. An increase in collaboration was observed, as supported by the increase in the coauthorship index, number of institutions per document and collaboration rate. CONCLUSIONS: The international visibility of the Spanish pharmacological research showed and important growth during this period. It was mainly a quantitative growth, since a higher impact or potential influence of the Spanish research over the international scientific community was not detected.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1999

Pharmaceutical logistics in the European theater.

This article describes the responsibilities and objectives of the pharmacy officer for the U.S. Army Medical Materiel Center, Europe. Pharmacists' experiences and knowledge offer advantages in the ordering, storage, and distribution of medical materiel. Exploitation of new technology and a customer-focused attitude encourage a working environment that capitalizes on pharmaceutical expertise. The use of temperature monitors, enhanced automation opportunities, expired drug return credits, and other customer-focused initiatives exemplify pharmacists' value to military medical logistics organizations. An overview of the pharmaceutical pipeline to U.S. military and State Department customers in the European theater is provided.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of a hospital controlled substances distribution system.

The distribution and control system for controlled drugs at a 500-bed hospital was evaluated. The time requirements of the system for pharmacy and nursing, the drug control procedures used, and the income and expenses of the system were evaluated. It was concluded that the system appears to offer full accountability, but it makes a heavy time demand on pharmacy and nursing. Time requirements could be reduced through a computerized system or by use of a certificate of disposition form that incorporates a charge voucher.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1979

Charging for hospital pharmaceutical services: flat free based on the medication record.

A 200-bed hospital's change in pricing drug products from a cost-plus-fee system to a flat fee per dose based on the medication administration record (MAR) is described. With the flat-fee system, drug charges are not recorded when the drug is dispensed by the pharmacy; data for charging doses are obtained directly from the MAR forms generated by the nursing staff. Charges are 55 cents per oral or suppository dose and $3.00 per injection dose. Drugs administered intravenously, topical drugs, injections costing more than $10.00 per dose, and miscellaneous nondrug items are still charged on a cost-plus-fee basis. Man-hours are saved in the pharmacy department because of the elimination of the pricing function and maintenance of price lists. The need for nursing staff to charge for any doses administered from emergency or Schedule II floor-stock supplies is eliminated. The workload for business office personnel is reduced because the number of individual charges is less than with the cost-plus charging system. The system is accepted by patients and third-party payers and has made a complete unit dose drug distribution system possible at lower cost.

Fees, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1994

Automation support of patient-focused care.

The use of automation in hospital pharmacies is essential to support the concept of patient-focused care. Patient-focused care principles are defined, and the positive effect automation can have on supporting these principles is discussed. Automated technologies supporting drug distribution, sterile product production, prescription filling, and point of care information systems are summarized. Drug distribution technologies include distribution to and from the patient care area, distribution of medication to the patient, inventory control, controlled substance systems, and documentation of medication administration. Finally, a comprehensive automated technology system at a university teaching hospital is described.

Automation↗
PubMed1984

Establishment of surgery satellite pharmacy services in a large community hospital.

Implementation of a satellite pharmacy serving the operating rooms (OR) and recovery areas in a nonteaching, 676-bed community hospital is described. Justification for proposed services are listed. Objectives and the steps taken in the implementation and maintenance of the services are described. Objectives were: (1) increased accountability of drug distribution and control; (2) improved accuracy in recording of patient charges; (3) improved accuracy in charting of medications administered; (4) adoption of a standardized anesthesiology medication system implemented on a kit-per-case basis; (5) enhancement of the pharmacy image through the improved provision of cost containing pharmacy services; and (6) promotion of improved patient care through a health care team approach.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 500 and over↗
PubMed2006

Over-the-counter pill provision: evidence from Jamaica.

Although many countries allow over-the-counter distribution of oral contraceptives, doubt remains about whether such provision is safe for the user. The greatest concern is whether women with contraindications for use are given access to the pill. Clearly, women without such contraindications should be given access to it and be offered adequate information about its correct use. In 15 pharmacies in Jamaica, mystery clients approached pharmacists to determine their willingness to sell oral contraceptives and to solicit information from them about correct use of the method. In addition to data from mystery-client observations, interviews were conducted with 78 pharmacists and with 524 pharmacy customers who bought oral contraceptives, providing complementary information about knowledge of, attitudes toward, and experiences with the method. Analysis of the combined findings suggests that over-the-counter provision of oral contraceptives is a safe, practical, and effective method of distribution in Jamaica.

Adolescent↗