SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Polydipsia”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Lithium isotopes: differential effects on renal function and histology.

OBJECTIVES: Reduction in renal concentrating ability has been reported in patients undergoing chronic lithium treatment. Prior work has demonstrated differences in physiological effects of the stable lithium isotopes, 6Li and 7Li. Here, we measured the degree of polyuria, polydipsia and kidney histological changes induced in rats by equimolar amounts of 6LiCl, 7LiCl and the commercially available mixture of both isotopes. METHODS: Rats were given 1.0 mEq/kg of either 6LiCl, 7LiCl or 'nLiCl' (isotope mixture, 93% 7LiCl) by subcutaneous injection twice daily for up to 49 days. Twenty-four-hour urine volume and water intake were measured daily. Kidneys from rats treated for 7 days with 1.5 mEq/kg 6LiCl, 7LiCl and vehicle were examined under light microscopy and histopathologic changes graded on a 4-point scale of severity. RESULTS: All rats showed loss in renal concentrating ability manifested by increasing urine volume and water intake. Peak effects occurred after 9-13 days treatment, then declined to stable levels at two to three times pre-treatment level. Mean peak effect was significantly greater for 6LiCl than for 7LiCl. Chronic effects of 6LiCl (weeks 3-7 of treatment) on polyuria and polydipsia were persistently higher than that of 7LiCl. nLiCl effect was intermediate. Kidneys from rats treated for 7 days with 6LiCl showed more frequently severe lesions in renal tubules than did 7LiCl-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our current data and prior studies suggest that elimination or reduction of 6Li from pharmaceutical preparations may merit further evaluation as a possibly less potentially nephrotoxic form of lithium treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Increased expression of neuropeptide Y and its mRNA in STZ-diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and diabetes by examining the content and distribution of NPY and its mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and pancreas of STZ-diabetic rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (diabetic group, diabetic insulin treatment group, and control group). After feeding for 24 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. The expression of NPY in the hypothalamus and pancreas was detected with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: (1) The hypothalamic content of NPY and its mRNA were significantly increased in STZ-diabetic rats in comparison with normal controls. Increased expression of NPY mRNA was found only in the arcuate nucleus and not in the paraventricular nucleus in diabetic rats, suggesting that NPY was produced in the arcuate nucleus. (2) The hypothalamic content of NPY and its mRNA in STZ-diabetic rats were visibly reduced after insulin treatment compared with that in untreated diabetic rats. This supports the hypothesis that insulin deficiency in the brain may be responsible for increased hypothalamic NPY gene expression in diabetic rats. (3) The increase of hypothalamic NPY in STZ diabetic rats associated with hyperphagia and polydipsia could be reversed by insulin replacement, suggesting that increased hypothalamic NPY contributes to the pathophysiological progress of the diabetic state. (4) The present study demonstrated for the first time that the content of NPY and its mRNA in the pancreas was increased in STZ-diabetic rats, and that the distribution of NPY-positive cell in islets was changed from the periphery to the whole islet. The content and distribution of NPY and its mRNA in islets were not changed by insulin treatment. CONCLUSION: Increased NPY in the hypothalamus results in hypophagia and polydipsia, while the implication of increased NPY in the pancreas of diabetic rats is not clear.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Genetic influence on saline consumption and salt hypertension as exhibited by the response of various rat strains and sub-strains.

Female rats of 2 Sprague-Dawley sub-strains and of the Wistar and Fischer 344 strains were sensitized to the hypertensogenic effect of excess salt by removal of 1 kidney and by being given 1% NaCl solution as their sole drinking fluid. One of the Sprague-Dawley sub-strains (SPD) and the Wistar (CFEP) rats developed progressive saline polydipsia of equivalent degree, blood pressure rose, and about half of the members became hypertensive during treatment. Rats of the other Sprague-Dawley strain (CFNP) also showed a progressive saline intake; but although they drank substantially less saline, the incidence of hypertension among them was increased by 50%. Animals of the Fischer 344 strain displayed neither saline polydipsia--the intake remaining relatively constant at a very low level throughout the experiment--nor hypertension. Salt hypertension appears to be affected by genetic factors in at least 2 ways, one of which regulates the quantity of salt ingested (salt appetite), while the other controls the susceptibility to salt excess or perhaps to hypertension per se. Fischer 344 rats have the ability to restrict the volume consumption of saline; their resistance to enforced high salt intake has yet to be established.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Potomania associated with schizophrenia: a case report].

The potomania or primary polydipsia is associated to schizophrenia in 20% of cases. Authors reports a case of a patient 27 old years, that suffering from hebephrenia who presented potomania. It was necessary to eliminate secondary polydipsia. The main complication resulting from potomania is water intoxication. Neurobiological or psychological hypothesis were suggested related to the etiopathogeny of this association. Some biological or comportemental therapy were effective in this context.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Clinical pictures of type 2 diabetes in Thai children and adolescents is highly related to features of metabolic syndrome.

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents has increased, parallelled to the increased prevalence of obesity around the world. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the clinical presenting features of T2DM in Thai children and adolescents, and (2) to identify evidence of feature of metabolic syndrome in these affected. We analyzed 26 T2DM patients who were treated by Pediatric endocrinologists in our hospital. The study showed that their mean ages (+/- SD) at diagnosis was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years, all were obese and 96% had acanthosis nigricans. Fifty three percents (53%) presented with clinical signs and symptoms which included DKA (19.2%), clinical triad of polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss (15.4%), only polyuria, polydipsia (11.5%) and abnormal menstruation (7%). The rest of 46.2% had no clinical symptoms. The initial fasting or random plasma glucose found above diagnostic range in 84.5%, the rest of 15.5% were diagnosed by using oral glucose tolerance test. Dyslipidemia was found in 75%. Fifteen percents had no family history. Eighty percents had three or more than three features of metabolic syndrome. In conclusions, clinical picture of type 2 diabetes in Thai youth varied from asymptomatic to severe illness (DKA). Almost all had clinical features of metabolic syndrome. Childhood obesity has become epidemic in our population. Such clinical picture should alert all pediatricians to be aware of chronic diseases and for making an early diagnosis and preventing long-term complications in the future.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[The diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in the dog].

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria, hyposthenuria and compensatory polydipsia. With conventional clinical and laboratory examinations the diagnosis can be established and the differential diagnostic diseases excluded. In order to verify the diagnosis, differentiate the condition from central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and rule out psychogenic polydipsia, additional laboratory studies are required: of these, the concentration test, modified Carter-Robbins test and AVP stimulation test are described.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Lithium toxicity in two dogs.

Two cases of lithium toxicity are reported on in dogs having had lithium hypochlorite chlorinated water as their sole source of drinking water. Clinical signs in one dog included polyuria, polydipsia, loss of body mass; dehydration, diarrhoea and general weakness and in the other case, polyuria, polydipsia, loss of body mass and seizures. Withdrawal of the water resulted in complete recovery.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Transient polyuria in pregnancy in diabetes insipidus and gestational diabetes].

Two pregnant women developed overt polyuria (up to 11 l/day) and polydipsia during their second and third trimesters of pregnancy. In one patient hydronephrosis was present. Both patients suffered from mild gestational diabetes mellitus. Plasma sodium was 145 and 162 mmol/l. Polyuria and urinary hypo-osmolality responded well to desmopressin acetate. After delivery, polyuria and polydipsia disappeared in one patient and significantly improved in the other. Infusion of hypertonic saline one and two weeks respectively after delivery led to plasma hyper-osmolality (294 mosmol/kg and 305 mosmol/kg) without detectable stimulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP). Anterior pituitary function was normal. No stimulation of AVP occurred following insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AVP plasma disappearance after i.v. pulse injection of 1 microgram AVP as well as AVP plasma concentration after continuous infusion of 10 ng AVP/min was studied two weeks after delivery in one patient. The results suggested markedly elevated degradation of AVP compared to control subjects, probably due to an increased vasopressin activity. Eight months after delivery, hypertonic saline infusion in one patient led to a plasma-osmolality of 312 mosmol/kg without stimulation of AVP. In the second patient, AVP was not detectable (less than 0.2 pg/ml) six months after delivery when plasma osmolality was 290 mosmol/kg. Our studies demonstrate that a subclinical compensated diabetes insipidus was preexistent in both patients. Exacerbation occurred due to an increased AVP-clearance and presumably due to the hemodynamic and hormonal alterations during pregnancy, including a mild gestational diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Issues in the nursing management of patients with water intoxication.

The syndrome of water intoxication, experienced by a small percentage of hospitalized chronically mentally ill patients, is a two-stage process, usually beginning with polydipsia. In some patients the physiological ability to excrete excess free water is lost, and polydipsia progresses to hypervolemia and hyponatremia. The hyponatremia responds to fluid restriction. Nevertheless, nursing intervention associated with limiting a patient's fluids is complex, including psychodynamic, social, and behavioral factors. Because of the complexity of nursing care, and because of the unanswered questions about etiology and treatment of water intoxication, the area is fertile for nursing research.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

[Water intoxication--a little known complication in the course of mental diseases].

Acute or chronic psychogenic polydipsia is a not uncommon finding in psychiatric patients. Water intoxication either results from the intake of large amounts of fluid within a short period of time and/or from a reduction of the renal "free water clearance". The latter can be caused iatrogenically by the administration of certain drugs or by the "Syndrome of Inadequate Secretion of ADH" (SIADH). Water intoxication results in cerebral oedema and may ultimately lead to death. A case is reported of iatrogenically-induced water intoxication in a patient with chronic psychogenic polydipsia.

Drinking↗

PubMed1987

Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus: a newly recognized syndrome caused by a selective defect in the osmoregulation of thirst.

We describe three patients who have polydipsia and polyuria due to an abnormality in the osmoregulation of thirst. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome are similar to those of neurogenic diabetes insipidus. Thus, under basal conditions the patients have thirst, normal to high normal levels of plasma osmolality, and low levels of plasma vasopressin. Moreover, antidiuretic therapy greatly reduces thirst and polydipsia as well as polyuria. The only clinically distinguishing feature of the response is that thirst and water intake decrease less rapidly than water excretion. As a consequence, the patients with this syndrome develop variable degrees of dilutional hyponatremia and hypoosmolemia during treatment. The plasma vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation is relatively normal. In most of the patients, the osmotic threshold for vasopressin release is at the upper limit of normal, but this finding only explains their modest elevation in basal plasma osmolality. Thirst and water intake also change as a function of plasma osmolality. However, the threshold or "set" of the thirst osmostat appears to be abnormally low. The degree of downward resetting varies from patient to patient, but is always sufficient to stimulate thirst and water intake at levels of plasma osmolality below the normal range. This abnormality can account not only for the thirst and polyuria under basal conditions but also for the overhydration that occurs during antidiuretic therapy. The pathogenesis of the osmoregulatory abnormality is unknown but may be due to disruption of one or more of the afferent pathways that regulate the "set" of the thirst and vasopressin osmostats.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presenting with infantile hypotonia. A report of 2 cases.

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus usually presents with polyuria, polydipsia, fever, vomiting, dehydration and failure to thrive. However, in infancy polyuria may be absent because of dehydration and reduced glomerular filtration rate. In 2 cases the main presenting feature was hypotonia, with marked head lag. Family studies confirmed the X-linked mode of inheritance of the disease; in case 1 the disease appeared to have arisen as a new mutation in the mother, and in case 2 the carrier status was traced back to the great-grandmother. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and detection of the carriers are discussed. Treatment with thiazide diuretics and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors is effective in reducing urine volumes and polydipsia. The early detection of the disease and adequate management may prevent such complications as megacystis, mega-ureter and hydronephrosis, with resulting renal failure. Mental and physical retardation may also be avoided.

Anorexia↗

PubMed1985

Water intoxication associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to lithium: case report.

In the psychiatric population, psychogenic polydipsia leading to water intoxication and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to lithium therapy are both well-recognized entities. A case is reported of the apparently unusual combination of these two conditions, where lithium probably not only has caused the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but might also have contributed to the state of psychogenic polydipsia.

Diabetes Insipidus↗

PubMed1979

[Polycystic kidneys in adults. A clinical study of 106 cases (author's transl)].

A series of 106 cases of polycystic kidneys in adults is presented. The main clinical, exploratory and therapeutic data are analyzed. The average age of the patients at the time of the first clinical manifestation was 35 years; average age at the time of diagnosis was 43 years. The most common forms of presentation included renal colics, blood hypertension, noncolic lumbar pain, macroscopic hematuria, and polydipsia-polyuria. The most frequent symptoms were: abdominal pain of any type (73 patients), polydipsia-polyuria (66 patients), blood hypertension (61 patients), macroscopic hematuria (47 cases), episodes of urinary infection (41 cases), and passing of calculi (22 cases). Seventy-eight subjects had arterial high blood pressure; it was easily controlled in all except 14 cases. Proteinuria was slight in all except two cases. Values for hematocrit and hemoglobin remained high in relation to the degree of renal insufficiency. The mean value of hematocrit in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min was 30 percent. Renal function decreased gradually, from normal to a clearance of less than 10 ml/min over a period of 12 years on the average. Diagnosis was based mainly on abdominal physical examination and intravenous urography; 89 patients had palpable abdominal masses. Urography revealed typical images of polycystic kidney in every case. The following associated conditions were also discovered: liver cysts (17 cases among 57 liver scanning; bilateral ovarian cysts in one case; Cacci-Ricci's disease in one case; and cerebral arterial aneurysms in another patient. Treatment was conservative with the aim to control arterial blood pressure and urinary infection. Twenty-nine patients required saline replacement; peritoneal dialysis was practiced in two cases and permanent hemodialysis was prescribed for 15 individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

[Cerebral polyuric hyponatremia--discussion of a new syndrome with disturbance of electrolyte balance of central origin (author's transl)].

We have experienced with 50 cases of parasellar tumors, four cases of which had persistent thirst, polydipsia, polyuria, and reversible temporary hyponatremia secondary to hypernatriuresis. The mechanism of the syndrome in these four cases could not be explained by either that of the syndrome of hypernatremia or of the so-called SIADH. We tentatively named this syndrome as "CEREBRAL POLYURIC HYPONATREMIA" and the criteria of this syndrome as as follows: 1) persistent thirst, polydipsia polyuria, 2) reversible temporary hyponatremia secondary to hypernatriuresis, 3) exception of the following items--administration of uretic drugs, renal and adrenal dysfunction, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, overadministration of water, and poor administration of NaCl. The mechanism of this syndrome is presumed as follows: 1) compression by a tumor or surgical attack to the anterior hypothalamus, 2) disturbance of the mechanism of ADH secret-on, 3) extrasecretion of natriuretic factor possibly produced in the anterior hypthalamus, and 4) preservation of the thirst center.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1984

Assessment of SIADH in psychosis with a water-loading test: case report.

A man taking haloperidol presented with psychosis, polydipsia, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A water-loading test indicated that haloperidol did not cause the SIADH. In patients taking haloperidol or other neuroleptics associated with SIADH who develop psychosis, polydipsia, and complications of SIADH such as hyponatremia, water loading may be helpful in adjusting psychotropic medications so as to control psychosis while avoiding the complications of hyponatremia.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Fatal compulsive water drinking.

In two cases of psychogenic polydipsia, water intoxication developed and contributed to the patient's death. The treatment of the patient with psychogenic polydipsia has been based on the presumed reversibility of the condition. Treatment of such patients must be reconsidered in light of these deaths.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Water intake and urinary output in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)].

Water intake (drinking water and water from food) and urinary output in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkey (M. fascicularis) watered ad libitum in individual cage were examined with 52 animals. The animal room was maintained at 25 +/- 2 degrees C and 55 +/- 10% with relative humidity, being lit at 12 hours interval. Water intake was found in wide variation between individuals, and about 20% of the monkeys were recognized as polydipsia without another abnormal behavior. No significant variation was found between daily water intake, but periodical (or seasonal) variation was observed in polydipsic monkey. Urinary output changed accordingly with water intake. Rate of the urinary output to the water intake was 76% in male rhesus, 59% in male cynomolgus and 49% in female cynomolgus. The rate was higher in the polydipsia than in the normal monkey. Diurnal patterns of water drinking and urinary output indicated that the monkeys were mostly active during the hours of lighting. Some effects of experimental procedure were observed on drinking and voiding in cynomolgus monkeys while no effect on rhesus monkeys. Prandial drinking was observed in monkeys as was reported on other laboratory animals such as rats.

Animals↗