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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Inactivated periods of constant orthodontic forces related to desirable tooth movement in rats.

AIM: To examine the effects of inactive periods of force on the amount of tooth displacement and root resorption during experimental tooth movement in rats. SAMPLE: Sixty 11-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHOD: The maxillary first molar (M1) was moved mesially using a removable titanium-nickel alloy closed coil spring for 14 days. The rats were divided into four groups with, 0, 1, 4, and 9 hours of inactivation per day. RESULTS: Tooth displacement in the 0- and 1-hour groups was significantly greater than that in the 9-hour group. The area of root resorption in the 4- and 9-hour groups was significantly less than that in the 0- and 1-hour groups. There was no significant difference in root resorption between 0- and 1-hour groups, and also between 4- and 9-hour groups. CONCLUSION: The distance of tooth displacement gradually decreased as the inactive period increased, whereas root resorption suddenly decreased between 1 and 4 hours of inactive orthodontic force.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

An unusual case of furcation external resorption.

AIM: To describe the presentation and management of an unusual external root resorption. SUMMARY: An unusual external inflammatory root resorption presented in the furcation of a mandibular first molar. Review of earlier radiographs suggested that the lesion was non-progressive. Occlusal trauma associated with anterior open bite was the most likely aetiological factor. No active treatment was prescribed. KEY LEARNING POINTS: External resorption may occur following loss of the external root surface. Occlusal trauma may be a propagating stimulus for progressive resorption. Lesions may sometimes be non-progressive, and treatment may therefore be more damaging than observation.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate persistent primary second molars in a group of young people in their late twenties with agenesis of one or two second premolars. In 1982-83 it was decided, in connection with the orthodontic evaluation of 25 patients, to allow 35 primary molars (one or two in each patient) to remain in situ. All patients had mixed dentitions and agenesis of one or two premolars. The primary teeth were generally in good condition, although root resorption and infra-occlusion (compensated by occlusal composite onlays) occurred. In 1997, 18 of the 25 patients with a total of 26 retained primary molars were reexamined, comprising a clinical examination for exfoliation, extraction, loosening, and ankylosis, and a radiographic examination for root resorption, tooth morphology (crown and root), and alveolar bone contour. The examination showed that the degree of root resorption was unaltered in 20 of the 26 primary molars. In the permanent dentitions, where these primary molars persisted, there were no morphological deviations. Three of the six remaining primary molars had been extracted and three showed extensive resorption. In three of the 26 primary molars the infra-occlusion had worsened. The present study shows that persistence of primary second molars in subjects with agenesis of one or two premolars, and normal morphology of the permanent dentition can be an acceptable, semi-permanent solution for the patient. Whether this could also be an acceptable long-term solution will be shown by follow-up studies.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Timing of orthodontic tooth movement in a case with traumatized and avulsed anterior teeth.

A traumatic injury to a patient undergoing orthodontic treatment resulted in avulsion, dislodgement, and fracture of upper anterior teeth. Deciding when to institute endodontic treatment and when to resume orthodontic treatment was based upon minimizing the changes for ankyloses and root resorption. Endodontic treatment was carried out two weeks after trauma, and orthodontic treatment continued three weeks after trauma. Radiographs taken six months, one year, and two years after orthodontic completion showed progressive root resorption to the avulsed tooth and minimum root resorption to the remaining anterior teeth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of rhBMP-2 concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum, and on associated root resorption and ankylosis. Contralateral, critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically produced and immediately implanted with rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier in 8, young adult, male, beagle dogs. 6 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/mL; total construct volume/defect approximately 4.0 mL) in contralateral defects following an incomplete block design. 2 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0 and 0.10 mg/mL) in contralateral defects (controls). The animals were euthanised at 8 weeks post-surgery and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Supra-alveolar periodontal defects receiving rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/ml exhibited extensive alveolar regeneration comprising 86%, 96%, and 88% of the defect height, respectively. Cementum regeneration encompassed 8%, 6%, and 8% of the defect height, respectively. Root resorption was observed for all rhBMP-2 concentrations. Ankylosis was observed in almost all teeth receiving rhBMP-2. Control defects without rhBMP-2 exhibited limited, if any, evidence of alveolar bone and cementum regeneration, root resorption, or ankylosis. Within the selected rhBMP-2 concentration and observation interval, there appear to be no meaningful differences in regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum. There also appear to be no significant differences in the incidence and extent of root resorption and ankylosis, though there may be a positive correlation with rhBMP-2 concentration.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMed2000

Effect of root and bone morphology on the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament.

To achieve predictable and physiologic orthodontic tooth movement, estimating the axis of rotation of a tooth and the level and location of maximum stress distributed in the periodontal ligament is essential. An extracted upper canine was scanned into a computer 2-dimensionally and divided into 80 nodes along the long axis of the tooth. A mathematical formula was derived, and stress was calculated on each node. The purpose of this study was to reveal the center of resistance, axis of rotation, and an ideal force magnitude associated with various periodontal conditions, such as potential root resorption, alveolar bone loss, and varying anatomic root shape by analyzing the stress distribution in the periodontal ligament. The study demonstrates that the location of center of resistance changes significantly with variation of shape and length of the root embedded in alveolar bone. In contrast, in response to alveolar bone loss, the relative location of the center of resistance to total root length remains constant. Analysis of the stress distribution pattern in our 2-dimensional model reveals that the relationship between location of force and axis of rotation is determined by s(2) (that is) a constant depends on shape and length of a root in alveolar bone. Tapered and short roots that result from alveolar bone loss or apical root resorption are prone to tipping. The optimal orthodontic force may vary depending on the maximum stress in the periodontal ligament.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1998

A diagnostic comparison of panoramic and intraoral radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared panoramic and intraoral radiographic surveys in the evaluation of specific dental pathoses in Air Force personnel. STUDY DESIGN: The radiographs of 30 subjects were read singly and in various combinations: panoramic survey only; periapicals plus bitewings; panoramic survey plus bitewings; and panoramic survey plus periapicals plus bitewings. Three independent, blinded examiners using standardized viewing conditions assessed the radiographs in random order for the presence of caries, periapical pathoses, bone loss, furcation involvement, impacted/unerupted teeth, internal/external root resorption, and retained roots. The consensus radiographic standard of true pathosis was the simultaneous interpretation by the three examiners of all radiographs for each subject. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The panoramic survey by itself was shown to have the lowest correlation with the consensus radiographic standard when basic military trainees with generalized dental pathoses were evaluated. The combination of panoramic survey plus bitewing radiographs exhibited a diagnostic yield for specific pathoses that was comparable to that of panoramic survey plus bitewings plus periapicals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Dental abnormalities, bone graft quality, and periodontal conditions in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate at different phases of orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dental and periodontal condition of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) before orthodontic treatment and evaluate whether the dental and periodontal condition of these patients during and after orthodontic treatment was jeopardized by the duration of the orthodontic and surgical treatment. DESIGN: Seventy-five individuals with UCLP (52 males, 23 females), between ages 8 and 20 years, participated in a retrospective study during their final follow-up visit with regard to dental abnormalities, such as hypodontia, external root resorption, crown and root malformation, and supernumerary teeth. Alveolar bone height and periodontal attachment loss on the cleft side were also screened before or after bone grafting and at different stages of orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: Hypodontia of the lateral incisor was found in more than 50% of the patients on the cleft side. Second premolars and/or lateral incisors outside the cleft area were missing in 27.2% of the patients. In 32%, malformations of the teeth near the cleft were noticed. In general, the teeth around and in the cleft of the patients showed normal septal bone heights and a healthy periodontium. Sixty of the 75 patients received a bone graft to restore the interrupted alveolar process. In 93.3% of these patients, the cleft was grafted before the eruption of the canine. CONCLUSION: The periodontium of the teeth in and around the cleft in patients with UCLP observed during and after orthodontic treatment can cope relatively well with the long orthodontic treatment and combined surgical interventions. The children, who had not yet started treatment, also showed enough bone support and no periodontal problems of the teeth besides the cleft. Early secondary bone grafting seems to give optimal periodontal results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Resorption of roots of milk teeth treated by pulp amputation using formocresol].

Histological examination was carried out of milk molars involved by physiological or pathological resorption, i.e. accelerated, during treatment of pulp diseases by amputation using formocresol, and delayed in case of persisting milk teeth. The results showed that the histological pattern of accelerated resorption due to formocresol was not different from physiological resorption. Delayed resorption was associated with an evident repairing reaction in the resorption sinuses.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Behavior of partially formed roots of teeth submitted to orthodontic movement.

The occurrence of root resorption in orthodontically treated permanent incisors with partially formed roots was investigated using periapical radiographs taken before and after the orthodontic leveling in the mixed dentition. The mean age at the beginning of treatment was 9 years and the mean treatment time was 7.1 months. The findings showed that the orthodontic movement during root formation causes no root resorption. The longitudinal follow-up showed that incompletely formed roots developed normally.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Repair processes in the periodontium following dentoalveolar ankylosis: the effect of masticatory function.

It has recently been shown that administration of the drug 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) perturbs the homeostasis in the periodontal ligament resulting in an osteoid-mediated ankylosis between the alveolar wall and the root surface. In the present study, the events after discontinuing HEBP administration were investigated and the effect of function on repair of the periodontal ligament was evaluated. In mice, the maxillary left molars were extracted. They then received a daily subcutaneous injection of HEBP (10 mg P/kg b.w.) for a period of 50 days, were killed 24 h, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days after the last injection and their mandibles processed for light microscopy. HEBP administration caused a significant decrease of the width of the periodontal ligament space with localized ankylosis. In the period after discontinuing HEBP treatment, the newly-formed bone did first mineralize and was then partly resorbed resulting in the disappearance of the ankylotic areas. Furthermore, root resorption was seen. Finally, the periodontal ligament regained its normal architecture and width and a new layer of cementum was formed. Functional teeth showed more root resorption than hypofunctional ones and a more rapid repair of the periodontal ligament. It is concluded that in the period after HEBP treatment the periodontal ligament regains its normal width by a repair process including extensive root resorption, that seems to accelerate this process.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1997

The use of spiral computed tomography in the localization of impacted maxillary canines.

PURPOSE: To compare spiral CT with conventional radiography in planning the orthodontic treatment of impacted permanent maxillary canines. METHODS: Nineteen patients with 29 malpositioned permanent maxillary canines (15 palatal and 12 buccal impactions, one ectopic and one transposition) were examined with conventional panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiography and with spiral CT (at 1 mm slice thickness, and 1:1 or 2:1 pitch) using multiplanar (MPR) and 3D reconstruction. RESULTS: Conventional radiography failed to depict root resorption especially on the buccal surfaces of the incisor teeth. CT located impacted teeth better. Contact between impacted maxillary canines and incisor roots was demonstrated in 26 cases and root resorption in eight. MPR proved to be superior for the orientation of impacted teeth, and, in two cases, confirmed the presence of minimal root lesions for which axial images had proved inconclusive. The 3D reconstructions were useful in targeting the MPR. CONCLUSIONS: CT facilitates the treatment of impacted canine especially when the teeth are very oblique to the arch. Root resorption is better demonstrated especially on the palatal and buccal surfaces of the adjacent incisors. Spiral CT reduces examination time and risk of accidental movement, thus optimizing MPR quality. Examination at 2:1 pitch enables a significant reduction in radiation exposure without loss of image quality.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Occlusal forces promote periodontal healing of transplanted teeth and prevent dentoalveolar ankylosis: an experimental study in rats.

The process of healing periodontal ligaments (PDL) after transplantation has been widely examined, but the mechanism for preventing dentoalveolar ankylosis is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the role of mechanical stimuli in preventing ankylosis using an animal model of tooth transplantation assessed by histologic observation and evaluation of proliferating PDL cells. Five-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into occluded and nonoccluded groups. The right maxillary first molars were replanted in both groups, and histologic observations were carried out after one or two weeks. The proliferative activity of PDL cells was also examined by assessing the distribution of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). After two weeks in the nonoccluded group, ankylosis was clearly detected and PDL stricture was obvious, whereas no severe bone or root resorption was observed. On the other hand, the occluded group showed an enlarged and thickened PDL with extensive root resorption, but no ankylosis. Based on these findings, the replanted teeth were given a one-week healing period and then occlusion recovery was assessed, which resulted in decreased ankylosis and root resorption. The proliferative activity of PDL cells in the occluded group was generally higher than in the nonoccluded group. The activity of PDL cells in the recovery group was also higher than that of the nonoccluded group. These results suggest that occlusal stimuli promoted the regeneration of the PDL and prevented dentoalveolar ankylosis, whereas excessive initial force might cause severe root and bone resorption.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

In situ hybridization for matrix metalloproteinase-1 and cathepsin K in rat root-resorbing tissue induced by tooth movement.

The movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment occasionally induces undesirable root resorption. Although high collagenolytic activity has been detected in resorbing tissue of deciduous teeth, the cellular origin of collagenolytic enzymes in root-resorbing tissue caused by tooth movement has not been identified. Here, rats were subject to 7 days of experimental tooth movement to induce root resorption. In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes was performed on sections of the maxillary bone to detect the mRNAs that encode matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and cathepsin K in root-resorbing tissue. MMP-1 mRNA was detected in fibroblastic cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts, but not in odontoclasts nor osteoclasts. Moreover, MMP-1 mRNA was highly expressed in some cementocytes located near odontoclasts and in many osteocytes. In contrast, cathepsin K mRNA was expressed only in odontoclasts and osteoclasts. These results suggest that MMP-1 and cathepsin K are important in root resorption during tooth movement in a mode similar to bone resorption.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Histological study of the change of pulp tissue during shedding of the deciduous tooth].

To understand the pulp change of root resorption of human deciduous teeth from a histological point of view, one hundred and twenty specimens were collected for study. The teeth (caries-free) were extracted for occlusal reason or because they exhibited various degrees of mobility and discomfort. The extent of root resorption was classified into five grades: Res. i, Res. 1/4, Res. 1/2, Res. 3/4 and Res. Co., according to Moorrees et al. and Haavikko. All teeth were fixed in 10% formalin (pH 7.2) immediately after extraction for 3-7 days. They were then decalcified for 14 days in 5% formic acid-sodium citrate, sectioned serially at 7 microns and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's stain, and silver impregnated stain. All sections were examined under a light microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. While the root was resorbed more than one half way, some normal pulp was replaced by the connective tissue as in inflammation. Internal resorption could be seen. 2. By the time deciduous root resorption was essential as complete, normal pulp tissue was no longer present. 3. Because the nerve degenerated during initial tooth resorption, there was no evidence that deciduous root resorption was under nervous control. 4. The present observation suggests that in addition to odontoclasts, several other cells such as fibroblast-like cells and macrophages, were actively involved in root resorption during the shedding of deciduous teeth.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Orthodontics. Part 11: orthodontic tooth movement.

Orthodontic tooth movement is dependent on efficient remodelling of bone. The cell-cell interactions are now more fully understood and the links between osteoblasts and osteoclasts appear to be governed by the production and responses of osteoprotegerin ligand. The theories of orthodontic tooth movement remain speculative but the histological documentation is unequivocal. A periodontal ligament placed under pressure will result in bone resorption whereas a periodontal ligament under tension results in bone formation. This phenomenon may be applicable to the generation of new bone in relation to limb lengthening and cranial-suture distraction. It must be remembered that orthodontic tooth movement will result in root resorption at the microscopic level in every case. Usually this repairs but some root characteristics apparent on radiographs before treatment begins may be indicative of likely root resorption. Some orthodontic procedures (such as fixed appliances) are also known to cause root resorption.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1991

Effect of luxation injuries on permanent teeth.

Trauma to the supporting tissues of the teeth are among the most common dental injuries, leading to such complications as pulp canal obliteration, necrosis and root resorption. The aim of this investigation was to study the outcome for young permanent teeth subjected to luxation injuries. From 108 dental records 171 teeth with injuries to the supporting tissue were selected. The material comprised 130 subluxated, 15 extruded, 9 intruded, 15 exarticulated and 6 laterally luxated teeth in children aged 6-19 years. Apart from luxation, 59 teeth (35%) had additional crown and root fractures. 65% of the teeth recovered without complications. 78% of the subluxated teeth and 24% of the luxated teeth showed uneventful posttraumatic healing. Concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures or root fractures without displacement of the coronal fragment did not interfere with the healing. Of 60 teeth with healing complications, 52 (87%) were subsequently recorded as healed, the remaining 8 were extracted or had progressive root resorption. Loss of pulp vitality and external root resorptions were the most often recorded complications (28% and 17% of the total material respectively). Pulp canal obliteration was noted in 3% of the cases. Extent of injury and degree of tooth maturity were found to be related to healing complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Rapid orthodontic extrusion of crown root and cervical root fractured teeth.

This study concerns the relapse tendency and extent of root resorption in 33 extruded non-vital crown root fractured or cervical root fractured teeth in 32 patients 10-20 years old. They constitute all orthodontically extruded teeth at the Orthodontic or Pedodontic Departments, Eastman Institutet, Stockholm (1982-1987). A simple extrusion mechanism exerted a force of 60-70 p along the root axis of the tooth. An extrusion of 2-3 mm was obtained in most patients; the most extreme effect was 6 mm. In 16 patients the extrusion was achieved within 3 weeks, in 12 it lasted for 4-6 weeks and in 5, 7-9 weeks. The treatment was more complicated in the lower jaw. After the extrusion, a fibrotomy was done and in most patients also a gingival recontouring to create an optimal relation between the gingiva and the margin of the restoration. Periodically identical radiographs were taken immediately before and after the extrusion, after 3 months and after 1 year. A minor relapse, about 0.5 mm, was observed in 3 patients. Limited root resorption was found in 6 teeth and severe in only 1. The resorptions did not progress in the following 2 years of observation.

Adolescent↗