Some aspects of drug addiction.
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Humans↗
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Results for “Substance Addiction”
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Self-inflicted infections in narcotic addicts.
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Narcotics↗
[Introduction to the symposium on drug addiction].
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Humans↗
Reappraisal of the concept of drug addiction.
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Humans↗
DRUG addiction in adolescents.
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Adolescent↗
Effect of chronic nicotine on brain stimulation reward. II. An escalating dose regimen.
This study examined whether repeated nicotine injections, using an escalating dose regimen, would produce brain stimulation reward facilitation indicative of a strong rewarding action. Male, Long-Evans rats with lateral hypothalamic stimulating electrodes were injected daily with escalating doses of nicotine bitartrate across 5-day cycles: 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg/day (dose expressed as freebase weight) were administered subcutaneously (s.c.) in consecutive 5-day cycles. Nicotine lowered thresholds across the first two 5-day cycles (i.e. 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day doses), but thresholds returned to baseline levels during the last 5-day cycle (i.e. 2 mg/kg/day). The maximum threshold lowering produced by nicotine was similar to that previously reported for acute and chronic nicotine and for mild stimulants with a low addiction liability (i.e. caffeine and pseudoephedrine). Forty-eight h after terminating the nicotine injection regimen, thresholds were elevated revealing a nicotine withdrawal reaction. However, the high nicotine dose used during the last 5-day cycle is probably not pharmacologically relevant, thus making the significance of the withdrawal effect unclear. Overall, this study suggests that even under chronic administration using escalating doses, nicotine's profile in this animal model is that of a substance with a low addiction liability.
Animals↗
[Changes in the waking electroencephalogram in severe heroin addiction].
Of the synchroness slowing down of electrographic waves in animal experimently intoxicated with morphinic substances corresponds with the occurrance of addiction and tolerance to the products. In human's the progressive tolerance of the product can also be seen in course. This tolerance is accompagned by signs of dysfonction which question addiction to the product and its toxicity. Some of these signs are more specifically found in heroïnism.
Adolescent↗
Involuntary smoking cessation: a treatment option in chemical dependency programs for women and children.
Recent research has indicated that a relationship exists between nicotine addiction and the abuse of other substances. This relationship, as well as the severe impact of nicotine addiction on the health of women, their children, and the developing fetus, provides the basis of a rationale for developing chemical dependency programs for women where smoking is not allowed. Involuntary smoking cessation (ISC) programs have been tried recently in mixed-gender and male-only programs, and have met with strong resistance from clients. In most published reports this resistance was strong enough to force the programs to eliminate the ISC policy. This article describes the development of an ISC program at a residential substance abuse treatment center for pregnant and postpartum women and their children. It traces the evolution of tactics to defuse resistance and enlist client support for the program. The development of techniques to measure the effectiveness of the program are also presented. Preliminary results indicate that a properly designed program can be instituted at a residential treatment center for women without excessive program disruption and with positive results.
Adult↗
Substance abuse and the professional provider. The need for new attitudes about addiction.
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Adult↗
[The specificity of adolescent psychiatry].
Adolescent psychiatry is a new discipline implied in mental health and individual health as suicide attempts, substance abuse and drug addiction, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders.... This disorders appears at this age and often continue with the adult. Adolescent psychiatry is an original practice with young people in development which had to learn the self-care. This work is an illustration of this point of view.
Adolescent↗
Nonreplication of association between mu-opioid-receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism and substance dependence.
In the present investigation we hypothesized the A118G (Asn40Asp) polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) as a particular vulnerability factor for heroin and alcohol dependence. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis in two independent large samples by two different methods: a case-control sample (comprising n = 287 heroin and n = 221 alcohol study subjects versus n = 365 nondependent controls) and a family-controlled sample of 111 parent-offspring trios of heroin-dependent study subjects and 75 parent-offspring trios of alcohol-dependent study subjects to avoid stratification artifacts. In both patient samples and by both methods we were unable to corroborate the hypothesis of OPRM1 A118G polymorphism as a particular risk factor for any kind of substance dependence including opioid addiction. In addition, there was no significant association between the endophenotype of the individuals under study (e.g., comorbidity, severity of illness) and a particular genotype of OPRM1.
Adenine↗
A cross-validation of MMPI-2 substance abuse scales.
We evaluated the efficacy of the Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), two new scales designed to assess substance abuse problems with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), in samples from settings different from those used in their development. Results replicate earlier findings that both scales discriminate between psychiatric and substance abuse samples and do so more effectively than other substance abuse scales designed for use with the MMPI and carried over to the MMPI-2. Results also suggest that APS may be more resistant than AAS to response distortion.
Adult↗