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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A provisional and new crown to fit into a clasp of an existing removable partial denture.

A technique that forms an abutment crown to fit into an existing clasp of a removable partial denture by relining an acrylic resin pattern is described. The outer contour of the pattern is made within an irreversible hydrocolloid impression by use of Duralay autopolymerizing acrylic resin applied with precision dispensers. The pattern is formed before tooth preparation and is made approximately 0.4 mm thick. After tooth preparation, the shell pattern is relined with the same autopolymerizing resin and the existing removable partial denture is fitted over it. The gross pattern is trimmed and the margins refined on a die made from an elastomer impression. The refined pattern is cast and finished, avoiding reduction of the contours established. A second crown is similarly formed in tooth-colored autopolymerizing acrylic resin. It serves as a provisional restoration that allows the patient to wear the removable partial denture while the laboratory procedures are performed.

Crowns↗
PubMed2001

Temporal changes in the distribution and number of macrophage-lineage cells in the periodontal membrane of the rat molar in response to experimental tooth movement.

In order to evaluate the possible role of macrophages in the remodelling of periodontal tissue in response to tooth movement, temporal changes in the number and distribution of macrophage-lineage cells in the periodontal membrane of the rat molar tooth after experimental tooth movement were examined immunohistochemically using four anti-rat monoclonal antibodies: ED1 (anti-monocyte/macrophage-lineage cells and dendritic cells), ED2 (anti-resident macrophages), KI-M2R (anti-tissue macrophages), and OX6 (anti-class II molecules). The right maxillary first molar tooth of Wistar rats was moved mesially by a closed-coil spring for 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Sham-treated rats wearing an inactivated appliance for each experimental period and entirely untreated rats were used as controls. Alternate horizontal serial cryostat sections were cut and incubated with antibodies to ED1, ED2, KI-M2R, and OX6. In addition, cells immunopositive for each monoclonal antibody in the periodontal membrane during tooth movement were analysed on the tension and pressure sides. In the control rats, large numbers of cells positively stained with each monoclonal antibody were distributed throughout the periodontal membrane surrounding the distobuccal root. At 1 day after experimental tooth movement, the number of immunopositive cells obtained with all four monoclonal antibodies decreased as compared with those of the control on the mesial/pressure side. During the later experimental time periods, ED1- and OX6-positive cells in the periodontal membrane of this side were significantly increased in number compared with controls, whereas the density and distribution pattern of cells positive with ED2 or KI-M2R remained unchanged. On the mesial/pressure side, which underwent hyalinization, a marked accumulation of OX6- and ED1-reactive cells, but not of ED2- or KI-M2R-reactive cells, was frequently observed in the area of the hyalinized tissue at 5-7 days after the start of tooth movement. On the distal/tension side, no particular change in the distribution of immunopositive cells obtained with any antibody was detected throughout the experimental periods, with the exception that there was a significant increase in the number of ED1-positive cells and in of OX6-positive cells at 1 and 7 days, respectively, after the start of tooth movement. These results suggest that after the start of tooth movement OX6- and ED1-positive cells, which are mostly exudative macrophages, but not ED2- and KI-M2R-positive cells, i.e., resident macrophages, may be actively engaged in bone resorption and the remodelling of tissues on the pressure side of the periodontal membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Clinical and behavioural risk indicators for root caries in older people.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and behavioural factors indicating root caries risk among older people. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical and interview data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (aged 65 years and over) in Great Britain. Logistic regression models of the prevalence of root caries and linear regression models of the extent of root caries were constructed to quantify the role of a range of clinical and behavioural risk indicators, including sugars intake. SETTING: A national sample of older British adults, free-living and institutionalised. PARTICIPANTS: 462 dentate adults aged 65 years or over. RESULTS: Nine or more intakes of sugars per day more than doubled the odds of root caries being present (OR 2.2-2.4). Other clinical and behavioural factors affecting root caries included wearing a partial denture in the presence of heavy plaque deposits (OR 2.1-2.6) and infrequent tooth brushing (OR 2.8-4.1). Linear regression models showed that, amongst those that had root caries, sucking sweets in the presence of a dry mouth, poor hygiene, partial dentures and living in an institution contributed to the extent of root caries, as measured by the RCI(d). CONCLUSIONS: Of the factors open to possible clinical or behavioural intervention, frequent sugars intake, poor hygiene and partial dentures were all associated with large increases in risk.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

In vitro efficacy of a whitening toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and perlite.

OBJECTIVES: The studies described in this paper aimed to assess the stain removal efficacy, fluoride efficacy and abrasivity to enamel and dentine of a new whitening toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and perlite, using appropriate in vitro models. METHODS: Stain removal efficacy was assessed using the pellicle cleaning ratio (PCR) method. Fluoride efficacy was assessed using remineralisation, demineralisation and fluoride-uptake methods. Abrasivity was assessed using an enamel and dentine wear method. RESULTS: The results showed that the new whitening toothpaste was able to remove extrinsic tooth stain more effectively than three commercially available toothpaste formulations. The fluoride efficacy was superior to a non-fluoridated control and was not significantly different to a clinically tested fluoride-containing toothpaste. The abrasivity data showed that the calcium carbonate/perlite toothpaste is no more abrasive to enamel or dentine than two other commercially available whitening toothpastes. CONCLUSIONS: The studies show that the new whitening toothpaste is effective in extrinsic stain removal, has an efficacious fluoride source and does not have an undue degree of abrasivity to enamel or dentine compared to other relevant commercially available products.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1990

Dental practitioners' evaluation of the metal-resin and metal-ceramic technique in the treatment with fixed prosthetic restorations.

To collect information on the use of the metal-resin and the metal-ceramic technique, a questionnaire survey among general practitioners was carried out in Bergen, Norway. Of the 20 dentists (16% sample) randomly selected among the private general practitioners, 17 (85%) responded. The results indicated that 45% metal-resin and 55% metal-ceramic constructions were inserted. Metal-ceramic crowns were selected for their favorable esthetics, whereas metal-resin appliances were preferred because of their repair possibilities and good marginal adaptation. Most dentists (70%) claimed that metal-resin restorations have a better marginal adaptation than metal-ceramic constructions. Location in the mouth, the general periodontal condition, and evidence of wear in the remaining dentition also appeared to influence the selection of the type of tooth-colored veneered crown.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach for primary teeth: review of literature.

There is widespread interest in and increasing usage of the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique or approach for the restoration of primary teeth, especially in developing countries. However, most of the published reports of the clinical performance of newer, more-viscous esthetic conventional glass ionomer restorative cements marketed for the technique have been from short-term studies, and there have been very few reports comparing different types of restorative materials and methods of cavity preparation. After 12 months, Class II/multisurface and Class III/IV ART restorations have generally shown success rates of approximately 55-75% and 35-55%, respectively. Failures were usually from restoration losses and fractures. Class I & V/single-surface ART restorations have had much better short-term success rates of approximately 80-90%. Recurrent caries was not a concern at this time, but occlusal wear was relatively high. Further improvements in the mechanical and adhesive properties of the newer cements are still required, together with further clinical investigations of the remineralization of shallow open preparations as an alternative to placing restorations. The ART approach is readily accepted by children and has resulted in the retention of many teeth that would otherwise have been extracted.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Form, function and strength in the restored dentition.

The masticatory system is a biomechanical engine for the reduction of food before final absorption by the alimentary canal. These demands may lead to biological changes dominated by wear, fracture, or plastic deformation. This in turn lead to the loss of hard tissue, which is detrimental to the primary function of the oral cavity. The primary roles of restorative dentistry are to restore what is lost and to preserve remaining hard tissue, which is served by conservative techniques and the development of materials that recover the function of lost tissue. The criteria for new restorative materials should be based on the structure-property-function relationships of the hard tissues. An understanding of these relationships may lead to better methods of assessment and provide clues for the development of better synthetic analogues for enamel and dentine.

Bicuspid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The treatment of erosion using porcelain veneers.

Two cases reported here demonstrate the use of porcelain veneers to restore lost tooth tissue due to erosion. The veneers have advantages compared with other restorations in terms of aesthetics and resistance to wear. The patients described in these two reports have been seen over periods of two and three years and have been satisfied with the results, with each reporting no further pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical evaluation of gallium alloy as a posterior restorative material.

This study evaluated 30 gallium alloy (Gallium alloy GF) and 31 amalgam (Dispersalloy) restorations over a period of 8 months in both Class I and Class II cavity preparations in 28 human subjects. At baseline, all gallium alloy and amalgam restorations were considered acceptable (Alfa) in terms of caries, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, surface texture, and bulk fracture. Postoperative sensitivity was reported in 67% of the gallium alloy restorations and in 29% of the amalgam restorations. At 8 months, 61% of the gallium alloy restorations were rated Beta for marginal adaptation, and all restorations exhibited tarnish and corrosion. With a few exceptions, the amalgam restorations were rated Alfa for those criteria. Three gallium alloy restorations had to be replaced during the evaluation period because of severe postoperative sensitivity and 39% of gallium restorations still presented some sensitivity at 8 months. Additional problems exhibited by gallium restorations were tooth fractures, tooth cracks, and marginal whitening.

Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of 3 overdenture concepts with tooth roots and implants: 2-year results.

PURPOSE: In the present cohort study, overdentures with a combined root and implant support were evaluated and compared with either exclusively root- or implant-supported overdentures. Results of a 2-year follow-up period are reported, namely survival of implants, root copings, and prostheses, plus prosthetic complications, maintenance service, and patient satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients were selected for the combined overdenture therapy and were compared with 2 patient groups in which either roots or implants provided overdenture support. Altogether, 14, 17, and 15 patients (in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were matched with regard to age, sex, treatment time, and observation period. The mean age was around 67 years. Periodontal parameters were recorded, radiographs were taken, and all complications and failures were registered during the entire observation time. The patients answered a 9-item questionnaire by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: One implant failed and 1 tooth root was removed following longitudinal root fracture. Periodontal/peri-implant parameters gave evidence of good oral hygiene for roots and implants, and slight crestal bone resorption was measured for both. Technical complications and service performed were significantly higher in the first year (P < .04) in all 3 groups and significantly higher in the tooth root group (P < .03). The results of the VAS indicated significantly lower scores for satisfaction, speaking ability, wearing comfort, and denture stability with combined or exclusive root support (P < .05 and .02, respectively). Initial costs of overdentures with combined or root support were 10% lower than for implant overdentures. CONCLUSION: The concept of combined root and implant support can be integrated into treatment planning and overdenture design for patients with a highly reduced dentition.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Dentition of moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) from Padre Isla, Peru, part 1: quantitative variation.

Analyses of dental variation in geographically restricted, wild populations of primates are extremely rare; however, such data form the best source for models of likely degrees of variation within and between fossil species. Data from dental casts of a geographically restricted population of moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) from Padre Isla, Peru, document high levels of dental variability, as measured by coefficients of variation, in a nonsexually dimorphic species, despite its isolation and small population size. Like other primates, moustached tamarins show lower variability in the dimensions of the first molars and increased variability in the dimensions of the final molars in the toothrow. Moustached tamarins from Padre Isla have a distinctive pattern of variability in the remaining teeth, including more stable tooth lengths in the anterior and posterior portions of the toothrow, and more stable tooth widths in the midregion of the toothrow. High variability in incisor width may be due to age effects of a distinctive diet and pattern of dental wear.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Review of the extrinsic stain removal and enamel/dentine abrasion by a calcium carbonate and perlite containing whitening toothpaste.

There has been an increase in the demand from consumers and patients for products that whiten teeth. To meet this demand, a whitening toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and perlite as the abrasive system and an efficacious fluoride source has recently been launched. The aim of the current paper is to review the toothpaste's stain removal efficacy and its effects on enamel and dentine wear. It has been shown to be effective at removing model extrinsic stain in vitro. Further, it has been shown to be more effective in removing naturally occurring extrinsic tooth stain than a silica non-whitening control toothpaste after two weeks of twice daily brushing in a parallel group, double-blind clinical study using 152 adult volunteers. In addition, the enhanced whitening effect did not give a clinically relevant level of wear to enamel or a significant increase in dentine wear compared to marketed non-whitening toothpaste formulations, as shown by using an in situ type model with ex vivo brushing.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Clinical evaluation of two pinless incisal edge repairs: a 24-month study.

Adhesive resin and composite resin were used to restore the central incisors in a 21-year-old woman at an emergency treatment. Two maxillary fractured incisors were restored (one after endodontic treatment) and reexamined over a period of 24 months (Fig 5). Some slight yellowing has been noted in the endodontically treated tooth, but it has not appreciably affected appearance. The patient did not object to the discoloration and no replacements or additions were done. The restorations showed no indications of excessive wear or physical damage during the examination period.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Using crowns to prevent tooth fracture.

Placing crowns to prevent tooth fracture is thought to be a common but infrequently documented treatment procedure. Two studies are described that provide information about dentists' use of crowns to prevent tooth fracture. North Carolina general dentists indicated that 44% of the crowns they placed were for the principal reason of fracture prevention. However, when groups of dentists examined the same patients, there was little agreement about which teeth should be crowned due to risk of fracture. These results suggest that the placing of crowns to prevent fracture merits a careful determination of effectiveness and appropriateness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Using composite resin as a posterior restorative material.

Composite resins have been improved dramatically over the last few years. Some of the newest formulations are nearly as wear resistant as amalgam. Under the appropriate conditions, they may be used to restore Class I and Class II cavity preparations. Their use, however, must be in accordance with the conditions described in this paper. The following conditions should be followed: The selection of a posterior composite resin should be based on well-documented clinical data, not physical and mechanical properties. Complete moisture control is essential for the successful restoration of posterior teeth with composite resin. Always use a glass ionomer as a liner. The material should cover all the dentin. Cavity preparations should be minimal in dimension. Avoid unnecessary removal of tooth structure. Do not bevel the occlusal cavosurface margin. Insert the composite in increments. Minimize introduction of trauma during the finishing procedure. Use a surface penetrating sealant to reduce wear rate and to enhance margin integrity. Evaluate carefully the clinical performance of the restored tooth at least once a year. Discuss possible limitations of posterior composite resins as compared with amalgam restorations.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1987

Tooth enamel structure in the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus: some functional interpretations.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the structural organization of Pattern 2 marsupial enamel in the Koala is disposed to resist wear on the sectorial crests of the molar teeth. The orientation of wear on the crests is uniformly delineated by parallel scratches on their polished surfaces. Twin blades, a leading and a trailing edge of enamel are formed on each crest by wear into dentine on which the differential wear at enamel to dentine interfaces indicates that the direction of wear is labial to lingual. 96 leading and trailing edges from 12 koala molars were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy as ground sections, polished and etched surfaces or polished and etched whole mount preparations sputter coated with gold. The results showed that the leading and trailing enamel edges are different in their thicknesses, and in the course of their rods. The rods in the thinner leading edge are angled at 25 degrees to the long axis of the tooth and cross the worn surface at 60-70 degrees. Trailing rods run at 5 degrees to the long axis to cross the worn surface at 90 degrees. The inter-rod sheets run parallel to the wear striations and thus hold the rods in palisades angled in the leading edge particularly to resist the vector of the occlusal forces in the direction of wear. Crystals in the rods emerge roughly perpendicular onto the worn surface which makes them more resistant to abrasion than those in the inter-rod substance which lie parallel to the worn surface and are more readily removed. Koala enamel on the sectorial crests is thus a simple Pattern 2 rod packing pattern but the angles of the rods and the alignment of the inter-rod substance appear to be adapted to resist occlusal forces and abrasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Application of porcelain veneers].

This paper introduces the technique of porcelain veneer restoration. The retention, cosmetic effect, gingival response, type of tooth preparation and stain of porcelain veneers were discussed. 12-20 months following clinical observation of 92 cases has been undertaken. It is concluded that porcelain veneers offer the advantages of aesthetics, stain resistance, wear resistance, colour stability and soft-tissue compatibility.

Adult↗