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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Survival probabilities and hazard functions of malignant melanoma in Germany 1972-1996, an analysis of 10433 patients. Evolution of gender differences and malignancy.

The evaluation of the impact of prevention activities on the course of survival in conjunction with the individual hazard rate of dying is described using data from a follow-up study of 10433 melanoma patients during three observation periods (1972-1980, 1981-1988, 1989-1996). Kaplan-Meier survival curves combined with hazard functions were calculated. At all observation periods, survival of men was lower compared with women and their maximum dying risk was earlier (70 versus 100 months after removal of the primary tumour). In 1989-1996, differences in the survival rates were approximately halved compared with those for 1972-1980 or 1981-1988, respectively. This improvement was predominantly seen in young men. There was a lower survival rate of men compared with women with identical thickness categories. The maximum dying risk for those men with tumours >4 mm peaked at approximately 60 months, the other thickness categories showing a lower and later maximum; in women, the maximum dying risk for tumours >4 mm was also seen at approximately 60 months, but less pronounced. Over time, the influence of Breslow thickness on the survival rates remained constant in women; in men, with the exception of thick tumours, there was a trend towards a better survival. Melanoma awareness campaigns conducted in Germany since the late 1980s have resulted in a trend towards a remarkable increase of thin tumours in recent years, whereas the number of new cases with thick tumours has remained constant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Management of pre-malignant and malignant lesions by endoscopic resection.

Endoscopic resection (ER) has gained more and more importance in the treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasia over the last few years. The choice of the different available techniques depends on the site, the macroscopic type of the tumour and the personal experience of the endoscopist. The 'suck-and-cut' technique with ligation device or cap should be favoured to normal strip biopsy in the oesophagus because of the size of the resected specimen and its technical feasibility. A recently described method of ER in the stomach is the circumferential mucosal incision with a type of needle-knife and subsequent en-bloc resection following prior injection under the lesions. ER of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus should be considered as the treatment of choice. First mid-term results of endoscopic therapy of early squamous-cell neoplasia in the oesophagus show promising results; however, long-term results are awaited. Studies with large numbers of patients in Japan proved the efficiency and safety of ER in low-risk early gastric carcinoma. Duodenal lesions and adenomas of the major duodenal papilla were also proved to be treated successfully by ER. In the colon, ER is used successfully for resection of adenomas and small well-differentiated or moderately differentiated carcinomas that are restricted to the mucosa. ER of gastrointestinal lesions is a safe and effective method but should be performed only by experienced endoscopists.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed2002

Paracrine communication between malignant and non-malignant prostate epithelial cells in culture alters growth rate, matrix protease secretion and in vitro invasion.

Epithelial cancer cell invasion is facilitated by stromal cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and other epithelial cells. We have used two human papilloma immortalized prostate cell lines, CA-HPV-10 from a carcinoma and PZ-HPV-7 cells from normal prostatic epithelium to study cell-cell influences on growth, gelatinase secretion, invasion and responses to TGFbeta1. We found that co-culture with CA-10 carcinoma cells stimulates proliferation of the PZ-7 epithelial line. TGFbeta1 inhibited growth of both lines, but while inhibitory effects on the CA-10 cells diminished after removal of the peptide, inhibition of PZ-7 was lasting. Interestingly, the TGFbeta-induced growth inhibition in PZ-7 cells could be partially reversed by co-culture with CA-10 cells. Co-culture with CA cells in a 3-chamber invasion assay also promoted invasion of PZ cells. CA-10 invasion was enhanced by co-culture with TGFbeta1-treated-PZ-7 cultures and this enhancement was associated with TGFbeta1-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Our observations suggest that interaction between prostate cancer cells and prostate epithelial cells may promote proliferation of the epithelial cell population and produce a paracrine source of MMP-9 which may facilitate early cancer cell invasion.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1989

Infant day care. Maligned or malignant?

Today, the mothers of half the infants in the United States work outside the home. This concerns psychologists and parents because of the possible detrimental effects on these infants of separations from mother and experience in day care. Available data suggest that infants whose mothers work full time are somewhat more likely as one-year-olds to avoid their mothers after a brief separation and later to be less compliant with their mothers and more aggressive with their peers. The argument that these behaviors indicate that infants in day care are at risk for emotional insecurity and social maladjustment is evaluated in light of current research results. It is concluded that other interpretations of the data are more plausible and that further research on the factors moderating and mediating the effects of infant day care is needed.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1995

Phenotype of glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM1) and susceptibility to malignant melanoma. MMM group. Multidisciplinary Malignant Melanoma Group.

The isoenzyme Mu of glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) is dominantly inherited, and the prevalence of this isoenzyme in the population is about 60%. The lack of GSTM1 has been linked with cancer risk. The frequency of the phenotypes of this isoenzyme in melanoma (MM) patients (n = 197) is reported here. A significantly higher proportion of individuals in the control group (n = 147) had measurable GSTM1 than MM patients (59.1% vs 42%, P = 0.002); there was a higher proportion of positive phenotypes in general among women than among men. Odds ratio analysis indicated that individuals with this polymorphic variant have an approximately 2-fold risk of developing these cancers. GSTM1 phenotype distribution depends on age, smoking habit and tumour pathology. A group of MM patients with dysplastic naevi was also studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

"High risk" HPV types are frequently detected in potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions, but not in normal oral mucosa.

Studies on the involvement of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in initiation and progression of oral neoplasia have generated conflicting results. The observed discrepancy is attributable mainly to the varying sensitivity of the applied methodologies and to epidemiologic factors of the examined patient groups. To evaluate the role of HPV in oral carcinogenesis, we analyzed 53 potentially neoplastic and neoplastic oral lesions consisting of 29 cases of hyperplasia, 5 cases of dysplasia, and 19 cases of squamous cell carcinomas, as well as 16 oral specimens derived from healthy individuals. A highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used, along with type-specific PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, dot blotting, and nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Nested PCR revealed the presence of HPV DNA in 48 of the 53 (91%) pathologic samples analyzed, whereas none (0%) of the normal specimens was found to be infected. Positivity for HPV was independent of histology and the smoking habits of the analyzed group of patients. At least one "high risk" type, such as HPV 16, 18, and 33, was detected by type-specific PCR in 47 (98%) infected specimens, whereas only 1 (2%) squamous cell carcinoma was solely infected by a "low risk" type (HPV 6). HPV 16 was the prevailing viral type, being present in 71% of infected cases. Single HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. HPV 58 was detected by dot blotting in three hyperplastic lesions. HPV positivity and genotyping were further confirmed, and the physical status of this virus was evaluated by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Diffuse and punctate signals, indicative of the episomal and integrative pattern of HPV infection, were observed for low- and high-risk types, respectively. Our findings are suggestive of an early involvement of high-risk HPV types in oral carcinogenesis.

Adult↗