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Results for “morphometry”

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PubMed1983

Morphometry of in situ and lavaged pulmonary alveolar macrophages from control and ozone-exposed rats.

Effects of ambient levels of ozone on cell size and compartments were determined morphometrically for both in situ and lavaged pulmonary alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to filtered air or to filtered air with 0.60 ppm ozone. The ozone exposure was 8 hr/day for 3 days. Significant exposure-related compartmental volume density changes of in situ centriacinar macrophages were: decreased endoplasm (p less than 0.01); increased lysosome-like structures (p less than 0.01); decreased primary lysosomes (p less than 0.01); increased small and large secondary lysosomes (p less than 0.001); and decreased phagosomes/autophagosomes (p less than 0.05). In lavaged macrophages, the only significant exposure-related change was an increase in the density of large secondary lysosomes (p less than 0.01). Mean profile areas of in situ centriacinar macrophages from control and exposed rats were 86.94 micrometers2 and 112.04 micrometers2, respectively. The average mean cell volume V and mean caliper diameter D of macrophages lavaged from control rats were 1128.45 micrometers3 and 12.92 micrometers, respectively, whereas those from exposed rats were 1583.08 micrometers3 and 14.46 micrometers, respectively. Exposure-related increases in cell size were seen in both in situ and lavaged macrophages, but more significant differences in cell compartments were seen in the in situ centriacinar macrophages. Morphometry of pulmonary alveolar macrophages after ambient levels of ozone indicated increased uptake, storage, or both rather than cell damage. Comparison of in situ centriacinar and lavaged macrophages from both control and exposed rats revealed significant differences in their volume fractions of nucleus, cytoplasm, ectoplasm, mitochondria, lysosome-like structures, lipid droplets, vacuoles, and phagosome/autophagosomes. These differences between centriacinar and lavaged macrophages indicate different cell populations are sampled by these two methods.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy and resolution power of aerosol-derived airway morphometry in a simple lung model.

Aerosol-derived airway morphometry (ADAM) uses sedimentational deposition of monodisperse aerosol particles during breathhold to estimate intrapulmonary air-space dimensions. To determine the accuracy and resolution power of this technique a simple physical lung model comprised of uniform glass beads was investigated. Using the chordlength model, aerosol recovery from this porous medium was calculated by computer simulation of the geometrical structure of air-spaces between glass beads. The results of this calculation were then compared with experimental data: Calculated and measured air-space dimensions differ less than 2% for particles with diameters above about 1 micron. The measured air-space dimension can be described geometrically by the mean chordlength of the porous medium. To estimate the resolution power of ADAM, a defined change in air-space dimensions represented by a horizontal air slit was introduced into the porous medium. This air slit induces a marked increase of measured air-space dimensions. The volumetric width of this increase is the higher the deeper the slit is situated within the medium. Intercomparison of these data with the results of aerosol bolus dispersion measurements suggests that the resolution power of ADAM is decreased by the same mechanisms that increase dispersion of aerosol boluses, demonstrating the close relationship between both methods.

Aerosols↗

PubMed1987

The value of morphometry in the ultrastructural diagnosis of Mycosis fungoides.

To assess the value of morphometry in the ultrastructural diagnosis of Mycosis Fungoides (MF), skin biopsy specimens from 43 patients with established MF and 28 with non-MF lymphoid skin infiltration were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Morphometrical measurements were done on the nuclei of the infiltrating lymphoid cells. The study showed that the nuclear contour index (NCI) taken alone has a very poor diagnostic value. A more reliable way to assess morphometrically the nucleus of MF cells is to combine two parameters: the nuclear surface area and the NCI, as proposed by McNutt and his group. Although the sensitivity of this method is only 43% (McNutt et al. obtained a sensitivity of 63%, analyzing a smaller number of patients), it surprisingly has a highly significant prognostic value. Most of the patients classified as positive by this method had a very aggressive course of their disease or died from it, while most of the patients who were considered as negative had an indolent course of disease or were at a stage of remission. It is suggested that other cellular expressions may be of importance in the recognition of MF cells. It is therefore proposed that, in combination with ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, such parameters be assessed. It is hoped that the results of such a study will determine the number of parameters necessary to better recognize MF cells, thus making early diagnosis of the disease possible.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of nuclear DNA and morphometry, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma.

Sections from 23 primary malignant melanomas and 39 corresponding metastases were analysed for DNA content, nuclear morphometry, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In 15 of 23 patients (65%) both primary and secondary tumours showed similar DNA patterns, whereas a disparity was found in the remaining eight patients (35%). The 23 primary tumours and groups of metastases (from different patients) located in skin, lymph nodes, and brain did not differ significantly in any of the variables investigated. Cox stepwise regression analysis indicated that a large variability (CV) of nuclear area in the first metastasis correlated with increased survival after recurrence (p = 0.039) as well as with survival (p = 0.031).

Adult↗

PubMed1993

An improved method for studying microvascular geometry using fluorescent dyes: preventing dye extravasation, preserving dye integrity and enhancing tissue morphometry.

A procedure for stabilizing fluorescent markers used to study the microvascular geometry and morphometry of muscle tissue is described. The procedure involves fluorescent labeling of plasma, fixation of muscle tissue in 10% buffered formalin, and quick freezing. This procedure prevents extravasation of the fluorescent dyes out of the capillaries as frequently seen in other muscle microvascular techniques, thereby greatly increasing the time that capillaries are visible. We found that formalin may actually increase the rate of fluorochrome bleaching by photo-oxidation, but the increased rate of bleaching is more than offset by the greater concentration of dye trapped in the capillaries. Further, formalin fixation results in little distortion of the muscle fibers themselves, making this approach ideal for morphometric studies.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Morphometry of the intercommissural distances and other structures of the aortic valve of bovine heart.

The morphometry of the intercommissural distances and their relation with other structures of the aortic valve of bovine heart was carried out. A total of 32 apparently healthy bovine hearts of indigenous cattle of both sexes (50% male and 50% female), 2-4 years of age, weighing 500 to 800 gms were used in this study. The external intercommissural distances were higher in all cusps of the valve compared to the internal intercommissural distances. The internal intercommissural distance was larger in the RC sinus in case of male animals followed by that of the LC and NC sinus. The mean external intercommissural distances were 34.67+/-3.40, 34.40+/-3.64 and 34.97+/-4.37 mm and the internal intercommissural distances were 21.60+/-4.21, 21.20+/-4.70 and 20.67+/-4.06 mm for LC, RC and NC respectively. Analyzing the internal intercommissural distance, value in the LC sinus was higher followed by the RC and the NC but this variation was non-significant. In regard to the position of the coronary ostia, there were two coronary ostia, the right coronary ostium present in the RC sinus and the left coronary ostium in the LC sinus respectively and the right coronary ostium was supracommissural in position in bovine heart. Data about the morphometrical analysis of intercommissural distances and the position of the coronary ostia of the aortic valve facilitate the knowledge of manufacturing bovine tissue valve as well as those might be involved in valve replacement in human.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Structural brain abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients: volumetry and voxel-based morphometry.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to find structural brain abnormalities in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The volumes of the cerebrum, hippocampus and frontal lobe and the area of the corpus callosum's subdivisions were all semiautomatically measured, and then optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed in 19 JME patients and 19 age/gender matched normal controls. RESULTS: The rostrum and rostral body of the corpus callosum and the left hippocampus were significantly smaller than those of the normal controls, whereas the volume of the JME's left frontal lobe was significantly larger than that of the controls. The area of the rostral body had a significant positive correlation with the age of seizure onset (r = 0.56, p = 0.012), and the volume of the right frontal lobe had a significant negative correlation with the duration of disease (r = -0.51, p = 0.025). On the VBM, the gray matter concentration of the prefrontal lobe (bilateral gyri rectus, anterior orbital gyri, left anterior middle frontal gyrus and right anterior superior frontal gyrus) was decreased in the JME group (corrected p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The JME patients showed complex structural abnormalities in the corpus callosum, frontal lobe and hippocampus, and also a decreased gray matter concentration of the prefrontal region, which all suggests there is an abnormal neural network in the JME brain.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Extraocular muscle fiber morphometry following combined recession-resection procedures in rabbits.

PURPOSE: In earlier studies, we have reported extraocular muscle fiber atrophy following recession and fiber hypertrophy following resection of a horizontal rectus muscle. Changes seen in the operated muscle were mirrored in the antagonist and were thought to be a compensatory response to sustained changes in tension across the muscle pair caused by the surgery and by changes in the rotational position of the globe. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined recession-resection on extraocular muscle fiber diameter. METHODS: In 16 anesthetized rabbits, a 6-mm recession of the medial rectus was combined with a 6-mm resection of the lateral rectus in the left orbit. The horizontal rectus muscles were removed from both orbits of four rabbits at 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-week postoperative intervals. Cross-sections were cut from the midbelly of each muscle, and muscle fiber diameters were measured with a computerized morphometry unit. Mean fiber diameters from the operated orbit of animals at each postoperative interval were pooled and compared with means from the unoperated orbit using the paired-samples t test. RESULTS: No statistically significant change in fiber diameter was seen in either the global or orbital fiber layers at any postoperative interval examined. CONCLUSIONS: Because resection would be expected to increase and recession to decrease the resting tension across an agonist-antagonist pair, our results suggest that a combined recession-resection yields no significant net change in resting tension, and minimizes compensatory changes in extraocular muscle fiber diameter.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of spermatozoa by planar morphometry.

OBJECTIVE: To define the morphometric characteristics of normal sperm heads, and compare them to sperm head measurements used to define normal morphology using strict criteria. DESIGN: Computerized image analysis of selected normal and abnormal seminal fluid specimens collected for routine male fertility studies. SETTING: Research laboratory at the Department of Medical Technology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH. PATIENTS: Sixty adult male patients who submitted semen samples for routine analysis. Fifty percent had normal seminal fluid analysis results. The remaining 50% demonstrated abnormal sperm morphology. CRITERION STANDARD: Microscopic evaluation of sperm head morphology. Sperm fitting the criteria of normal as defined by WHO (1987 and 1992) and Kruger (1988) were classified as normal. Sperm with a post nuclear area of less than 40% were classified as acrosomal deficient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements made from stained seminal fluid smears included sperm head area, perimeter, acrosomal area, percent acrosome, Ferret's diameters, aspect ratio, shape factor, and specific length. Normal sperm heads (NL group) were compared to sperm heads demonstrating an acrosomal deficiency (AD group) for statistically significant differences using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to remove duplicating variables. Discriminant analysis was used to classify the sperm heads into NL and AD groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to the 2 most influential variables in order to identify a cutoff that best distinguishes normal from acrosomal deficient sperm heads. RESULTS: MANOVA and ANOVA showed all 10 variables to be statistically significant (p < .002). Discriminant analysis correctly assigned 98.7% of the normal sperm heads to the NL group and 99.0% of sperm with acrosomal deficiency to the AD group. The percent acrosome and acrosomal area were determined to be the 2 most influential variables. ROC analysis identified a cutoff of 3.6 mu2 for acrosomal area as having the highest sensitivity and specificity (99.7% and 88.0%, respectively). Similarly, a cutoff of 44% for percent acrosome gave a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 88.7%. The coefficient of variation (CV) for each of the 10 variables determined from 20 day-to-day replicates of a normal semen smear ranged from 2.6% to 8.4%. CONCLUSION: Computerized image analysis is able to define a reference range for sperm head area, percent acrosome, and acrosomal area that may be used to differentiate normal form abnormal sperm heads. Maximum and minimum Ferret's diameters measure sperm head length and width, respectively. Mean maximum Ferret's diameter, minimum Ferret's diameter, and maximum-minimum Ferret's diameter ratio correspond closely to the WHO (1987) midpoint for normal sperm head length, width, and length-width ratio. The average percent acrosome of normal sperm heads determined by morphometry closely correlate to the WHO (1992) and Kruger (1988) midpoints for percent acrosome.

Acrosome↗

PubMed1999

Functional morphometry of the striatum in Parkinson's disease on three-dimensional surface display of 123I-beta-CIT SPECT data.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether striatal morphology on a three-dimensional surface display of 123I-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (123I-beta-CIT) SPECT data can be used as a diagnostic index for Parkinson's disease. METHODS: We studied 11 patients with mild Parkinson's disease and 21 age-matched controls. Triple-head SPECT scans were acquired for 30 min at 20 h after injection of 123I-beta-CIT. We measured the vertical height of the caudate head (H) and the length of the long axis of the striatum (L) on the three-dimensional surface display generated from SPECT data. The morphometric index of the striatum was defined as L/H. The power of L/H to discriminate Parkinson's disease and control groups was evaluated by discriminant function analysis and was compared with that of region of interest (ROI)-based 123I-beta-CIT binding measurements (V"3) and their ratios. RESULTS: The mean L/H ratios (ipsilateral/contralateral) to the most affected limbs were (33%/45%) lower in the Parkinson's disease group compared with the control group, respectively. All other ROI-based measures confirmed that dopamine transporter reductions were most severe in the contralateral posterior putamen (a 68% reduction in V"3). In 1 patient with a subsequent clinical diagnosis of drug-induced parkinsonism, all SPECT measures were normal. The contralateral putamen contributed most to the discriminatory power, and the contralateral L/H showed the best discriminatory power of all SPECT measures. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that striatal morphology on a three-dimensional display of 123I-beta-CIT SPECT data provides information of diagnostic significance for Parkinson's disease. This morphometry can be done without requiring technically demanding ROI analysis, and thus this technique may be suitable for routine clinical use.

Carrier Proteins↗

PubMed1999

Discrimination between benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions by multivariate analysis, quantitative S-100 immunohistochemistry, nuclear morphometry and DNA cytometry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combined quantitative immunohistochemistry of S-100, nuclear morphometry and DNA image cytometry improves discrimination between benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). STUDY DESIGN: S-100 protein expression was measured in tissue sections of MSLs using an image cytometry system. Localized areas of high S-100 expression were used to identify regions in sequential, facing sections in which morphometric and cytometric features of nuclei, including DNA ploidy, were also measured. RESULTS: Malignant cases had significantly higher S-100 protein staining intensity, larger nuclei and greater DNA content (P < .05). High staining intensity for S-100 protein weakly correlated with variation in size of the mean nuclear area (P = .04) and DNA content (P = .03). Combining the features of nuclear area and DNA integrated optical density in areas of high-intensity staining for S-100 protein discriminated more accurately between 12 benign and 16 malignant areas than any of the features along (P = .0003). CONCLUSION: Combined multivariate quantitative immunohistochemical, morphometric and DNA cytometric analysis greatly improves discrimination between benign MSLs and malignant melanoma. Larger test sets are required to confirm the promising results of this initial study.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1999

Effects of steroid hormones on nuclear membrane and membrane-bound heterochromatin from breast cancer cells evaluated by fractal morphometry.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of steroid hormones on the ultrastructure of nuclear heterochromatin and perinuclear membranes in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN: MCF-7 cells were cultured briefly (five minutes) in the presence of 10(-9) M estrogen 17 beta-estradiol, a stimulator of cell proliferation and/or 10(-9) M glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Changes in the morphologic complexity of nuclear membrane-bound heterochromatin (NMBHC) and nuclear membranes (ENM) were assessed by means of the fractal capacity dimension, D, a noneuclidean geometric descriptor of complex, irregular bodies. RESULTS: 17 beta-estradiol (10(-9) M) enhanced the ultrastructural irregularity of NMBHC, as documented by the increased value of D, whereas dexamethasone (10(-9) M) reduced it when compared to NMBHC from untreated MCF-7 control cells. In contrast, neither steroid modified ENM ultrastructure. Changes in the nuclear heterochromatin complexity induced by estrogen 17 beta-estradiol occurred concomitantly with functional changes at the cell periphery, such as activation of the phospholipase C, a cell membrane-associated enzyme involved in signal transduction. Dexamethasone reduced the ultrastructural complexity of NMBHC without affecting functional processes. CONCLUSION: Fractal morphometry proved its usefulness in quantifying early ultrastructural changes in nuclear components induced in MCF-7 cells by steroid hormones, 17 beta-estradiol and dexamethasone.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2000

A voxel-based morphometry study of semantic dementia: relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and semantic memory.

The cortical anatomy of 6 patients with semantic dementia (the temporal lobe variant of frontotemporal dementia) was contrasted with that of a group of age-matched normal subjects by using voxel-based morphometry, a technique that identifies changes in gray matter volume on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Among the circumscribed regions of neuronal loss, the left temporal pole (Brodmann area 38) was the most significantly and consistently affected region. Cortical atrophy in the left hemisphere also involved the inferolateral temporal lobe (Brodmann area 20/21) and fusiform gyrus. In addition, the right temporal pole (Brodmann area 38), the ventromedial frontal cortex (Brodmann area 11/32) bilaterally, and the amygdaloid complex were affected, but no significant atrophy was measured in the hippocampus, entorhinal, or caudal perirhinal cortex. The degree of semantic memory impairment across the 6 cases correlated significantly with the extent of atrophy of the left anterior temporal lobe but not with atrophy in the adjacent ventromedial frontal cortex. These results confirm that the anterior temporal lobe is critically involved in semantic processing, and dissociate its function from that of the adjacent frontal region.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[An endometrium morphometry study on ovariectomized rats subjected to nilestriol and estradiol replalcement therapies].

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of estrogen on rat endometrium and compare the results of Nilestriol and Estradiol replacement therapies for preventing osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Forty 4-month old SD female rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely sham operation, bilateral ovariectomy, ovariectomy plus supplementary ethinyl estradiol (0.2 microgram/100 g B. W. qd x 5), and ovariectomy plus supplementary Nilestriol (0.15 mg/100 g B. W. once a week). Computerized image analyzer was used to evaluate the endomitrial pathological changes 10 weeks later. The results showed an atrophied endometrium in ovariectomized group, a slightly proliferative endometrium in Nilestriol treated group, and a markedly proliferative endometrium with local atypical hyperplasia in estradiol treated group. The difference between group 3 and group 4 in morphometry was significant (P < 0.5). These suggest the relative safety of Nilestriol replacement therapy for preventing menopausal osteoporosis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of piracetam and oxiracetam on the content of high-energy phosphates and morphometry of astrocytes in vitro.

The nootropic drugs, including piracetam (PIR) and oxiracetam (OXI) are used in the adjunctive treatment of dementia. They are thought to directly influence energetic processes in the brain and, therefore, they are supposed to improve memory and cognition. The content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) and 3H-valine incorporation into proteins were measured, and the morphometry was performed after PIR and OXI treatment of astrocytes cultured in vitro with or without dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP). Nootropics were added into the culture medium for 2 weeks at a final concentration of 10(-7) M. It was shown that OXI increased ATP content in astrocytes cultured with or without dBcAMP. The increase in 3H-valine incorporation into astrocytes after PIR and OXI together with dBcAMP treatment was found. These results indicate that the presented research model allows to study energetic processes in cultured astrocytes. However, nootropic drugs changed morphometric parameters (cell area, perimeter and form factor) of cultured astrocytes as well. It can be concluded that PIR and OXI as nootropics have an opposing effect on the content of high-energy phosphates and shape of astrocytes in vitro.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed2000

Grading of ductal breast carcinoma by cytomorphology and image morphometry with histologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relevance of image analysis for grading breast carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five ductal breast carcinoma cases were chosen randomly from routine fine needle aspiration clinics. The results of cytomorphologic grading and image morphometry were correlated with those of histologic grading. The five image morphometric parameters studied were nuclear diameter, nuclear area, nuclear roundness, nuclear perimeter and grey level to compare with chromatin texture. RESULTS: Cytologic grading alone had a high correlation with histologic grading. The lowest correlation was found in grade 2 tumors. When cytologic grading was supplemented with image morphometric parameters, the correlation was higher than that of cytologic grading alone. CONCLUSION: Cytologic grading has a high correlation with histologic grading. The correlation improves further on supplementation with image morphometric parameters.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2000

The nuclear morphometry by image analysis in the histopathologic diagnosis of lung cancer.

Classification of small cell lung cancer and non small cell lung cancer can sometimes be difficult to establish by light microscopy. Our aim was to determine the value of computerised interactive nuclear morphometry in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer of intermediate type and non small cell lung cancer in thirty-nine histologic specimens. Histologic sections were measured by Sigma Scan software package with regard to nuclear big axis, small axis, perimeter, area and shape factor. Statistical analysis showed that nuclear minor axis values, at least, showed pronounced differences between small cell lung carcinomas of the intermediate type and non small cell lung carcinomas. So, the latter nuclear parameter may be used as a complementary tool in the histopathologic differential diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Validation of nuclear texture, density, morphometry and tissue syntactic structure analysis as prognosticators of cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of karyometry and histometry in the prediction of survival, recurrence and response of early-stage invasive cervical carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Nuclear morphometry, chromatin texture and tissue architecture (characterized by syntactic structure analysis) were measured using a semiautomated image analysis system on 46 cases of Feulgen-stained tissue sections. The performance of the features was compared to that of clinical features, reported to be the best prognosticators until now, such as age, lympho-vascular permeation, histologic type, stage and grade. A K nearest neighbor classifier was used for classification. RESULTS: In the prediction of three-year survival, recurrence and response, syntactic structure analysis proved to be the best performer. Classification rates were, respectively, 100%, 94.4% and 94.5%. In all classifications, karyometric and histometric features outperformed clinical features. In general, the best performing features described differences in second-order population statistics (standard deviations). CONCLUSION: The results show that a quantitative analysis based on nuclear morphology, chromatin texture and histology can be considered an excellent aid in the prognosis of invasive cervical carcinoma. The measurements are not hampered by the need to undertake complete resections and are suited to daily practice when implemented in a semiautomated image analysis system.

Adult↗