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Results for “sensory function”

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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Clinical-physiological aspects of normobaric hypoxic training effects on functional status of patients with neurocirculatory dystonia].

Profiles of external respiration and circulation, self-assessment of health, mental performance, sensory functions, and peripheral blood were studied in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia in the course of normobaric hypoxic training. The hypoxic training proved to successfully normalize arterial pressure, eliminate cardiac arrhythmias, and benefit general condition. Substantial strengthening of hypoxic resistance was stated along with an oxygen debt reduction during hypoxia, improvement of sensory coordination and mental performance, and activation of erythropoiesis.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Unmyelinated axons in the trigeminal motor root of human and cat.

The fiber composition of the human and cat trigeminal "motor roots" were studied utilizing the electron microscope. Twelve to twenty percent of fibers in the human trigeminal motor root are unmyelinated whereas 9-15% are unmyelinated in the cat. The only previous examination of the fiber composition of the peripheral trigeminal motor nerve utilized the light microscope and indicated that less than 5% of fibers were unmyelinated in cat. No study of the fiber composition of the motor nerve root is available. The present results are similar to those recently obtained by others for spinal ventral roots. The function of unmyelinated fibers in the trigeminal "motor root" is unknown, however indirect evidence, both laboratory and clinical, suggests a potential sensory function for them. The findings question seriously the concept that the functional separation of the nervous system into motor and sensory systems has anatomical correlates in the spinal and cranial nerve roots. The results relate directly to our conceptualization of the nervous system and also to the design of methods for the treatment of intractable pain.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Exogenous motilin affects postprandial proximal gastric motor function and visceral sensation.

Our aim was to investigate the effect of motilin on postprandial proximal gastric motor and sensory function in healthy volunteers. Ten fasted, healthy volunteers were infused intravenously with synthetic motilin or placebo over 90 min. A liquid meal (200 ml) was ingested within 2 min at the start of the infusion. Proximal gastric volume was measured with a barostat device. Abdominal symptoms were scored by visual analog scales. Plasma motilin concentrations were measured using RIA. Endogenous motilin levels were not affected by meal ingestion. After meal intake, gastric relaxation was similar for motilin and placebo. After postprandial relaxation, motilin resulted in a faster return of gastric volume to baseline (P = 0.007). Motilin significantly increased postprandial feelings of nausea (P = 0.03) and tended to increase abdominal pain and abdominal tension. In conclusion, after normal postprandial gastric relaxation, motilin accelerated the return of gastric volume to baseline. In addition, motilin increased postprandial feelings of nausea.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed1999

Gastric accommodation in non-ulcer dyspepsia and the roles of Helicobacter pylori infection and vagal function.

BACKGROUND: The pathophysiological mechanisms in non-ulcer dyspepsia are incompletely understood. AIMS: To compare gastric motor and sensory functions in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. PATIENTS: Seventeen patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and 16 asymptomatic controls. METHODS: The following were evaluated: gastrointestinal symptoms; gastric emptying and orocaecal transit of solids; abdominal vagal function; gastric compliance; fasting and postprandial gastric tone and phasic contractions; symptoms during ingestion of cold water and during the distension of an intragastric bag; and somatic sensitivity and personality profile (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI). RESULTS: Gastric accommodation was reduced in H pylori negative dyspeptics relative to controls; the degree of accommodation was unrelated to H pylori status in dyspeptics. Increased postprandial gastric sensation was more frequent among H pylori positive patients (4/5 H pylori positive versus 4/12 H pylori negative patients). Intragastric meal distribution and orocaecal transit were normal; gastric emptying at four hours was abnormal in 4/17 patients. Vagal dysfunction was rare. Eight of 17 patients had somatisation or depression on MMPI. CONCLUSION: Impaired gastric accommodation is frequent in non-ulcer dyspepsia and seems to be unrelated to vagal efferent dysfunction. H pylori infection does not seem to influence gastric accommodation, but is associated with heightened sensitivity in dyspeptics. Therapeutic approaches that restore normal postprandial accommodation and gastric sensitivity should be tested in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Effect of distraction osteogenesis on the severely hypoplastic mandible and inferior alveolar nerve function.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of distraction osteogenesis surgery on the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and on the stability of the occlusion in patients undergoing mandibular osteotomy and advancement for correction of severe retrognathia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients (4 women and 1 man) underwent vertical posterior body osteotomy or bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the application of a distraction device for advancement of the mandible of 10 to 14 mm. After a period of latency, each mandible was advanced 1 mm per day until the patient achieved a Class I occlusion. Distraction devices were removed after a suitable period of consolidation (4 to 11 months). IAN sensory function was evaluated by 2-point discrimination, response to painful stimulus, and moving brush stroke identification. Testing of the IAN was performed on all patients at 7 different time intervals: preoperative (T0), postsurgery and predistraction (T1), within 7 days after the end of distraction (T2), 3 months after T2 (T3), 6 months after T2 (T4), 9 months after T2 (T5), and 1 year after T2 (T6). The same surgeon performed all IAN testing. RESULTS: There were no instances of malunion or fibrous union. At the 1-year follow-up, all 5 patients showed no relapse of their advancement as assessed by their maintenance of a Class I occlusion. Radiographic analysis was not done to discern skeletal versus dental stability. All 10 IANs were intact after the initial surgery. As time progressed, all 10 nerves showed improvement of function as measured by 2-point discrimination, response to painful stimulus, and moving brush stroke identification. At 1 year postsurgery, all 10 nerves showed function consistent with or very near presurgery levels. CONCLUSION: Stable mandibular advancements of 10 mm and greater can be successfully accomplished by distraction osteogenesis without producing significant damage to the IAN.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Long-term outcome assessment for lingual nerve microsurgery.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the clinical outcomes resulting from the microsurgical repair of lingual nerve injuries. The study was based on patient chart review. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients referred to the principal investigator (V.B.Z.), with a diagnosis of lingual nerve injury who underwent trigeminal nerve microsurgery during a 3-year period (1999 to 2002), were entered in this study. All patients received a complete history and physical examination, and thorough preoperative and postoperative neurosensory testing to evaluate clinical response to hot, cold, cotton wisp, vibration, 2-point discrimination, directional stroke, and fine touch as determined by Von-Frey filaments. RESULTS: All patients underwent an external neurolysis procedure in combination with an internal neurolysis, neuroma excision, or primary neurorrhaphy under microscopic guidance depending on the intraoperative findings. The average time from injury to surgery was 8 months. The patients were followed for an average of 9 months after surgery, and assessment was based on the patients subjective experience as well as standardized neurosensory testing. Eighteen patients (90%) had some improvement in neurosensory function and 2 patients (10%) reported no improvement. One of the patients exhibiting no clinical improvement had a prolonged delay in seeking treatment, and the distal nerve could not be localized intraoperatively. Most patients were operated on between 2.5 and 7 months after injury, and there was no statistical difference in outcome as a function of the time from injury to repair in this group of patients. This subgroup of responding patients averaged at least 50% improvement in neurosensory function. CONCLUSION: Microsurgical repair of lingual nerves provides moderate to significant improvements in clinical sensory function and is a useful option in treating affected individuals, especially when implemented soon after injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1973

Electrophysiological study after surgical repair of sectioned human peripheral nerves.

Clinical and electrophysiological assessment of recovery of function are reported on 20 patients with median or ulnar nerve sections up to 53 months after surgical repair. Maximum improvement of sensory function was apparent by both methods of assessment at 15 months after suture, and thereafter conduction velocities in sensory fibres averaged 80% of normal in median nerves and 70% of normal in ulnar nerves. Similarly, the mean amplitude of the sensory action potential at the wrist remained depressed at 15% of control values. The clinical recovery of motor function pursued a similar time course with, however, some evidence to indicate a continuing improvement in the neurophysiological maturation of the motor nerve fibres up to 47 months after repair. The results are discussed in relation to previous electrophysiological studies on animals.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1987

Somatosensorimotor function of the superior colliculus, somatosensory cortex, and lateral hypothalamus in the rat.

The role of the superior colliculus in multimodal sensory function is unsettled, in large part because a clear distinction between the somatosensory effects and the postural/motor effects of damage to the deep layers of the superior colliculus has not been obtained. Unilateral lesions of the entire superior colliculus impair orienting of the head and eyes to tactile, visual, and auditory stimuli presented on the side of the body contralateral to the lesion; however, even in the absence of sensory stimulation animals with such a lesion tend to circle ipsiversively and fail to make contralateral head movements. To determine whether or not unilateral damage to the superior colliculus produces a somatosensory asymmetry independently of head movement/circling biases, a neurological test was used in which lateral head or trunk movements were not required. Small pieces of adhesive-backed paper were attached to each forelimb and the latencies to contact and remove the stimuli were recorded. A battery of standard neurological tests was administered as well. The entire superior colliculus was removed unilaterally, and for comparison, the sensorimotor cortex or lateral hypothalamus were damaged in additional groups. Lesions of the superior colliculus produced the expected deficit in contralateral orienting and ipsilateral circling/postural biases, but failed to produce a somatosensory asymmetry in the head movement-independent sensorimotor test. In contrast, both sensorimotor cortex and lateral hypothalamus lesions produced a severe asymmetry in the head-movement-independent sensorimotor test. We conclude that the superior colliculus is involved in the control of lateral head movements and that its role in somatosensory function is fundamentally different from that of the sensorimotor cortex or lateral hypothalamus regions.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Four legs. Illusory reduplication of the lower limbs after bilateral parietal lobe damage.

OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual disorder of body schema and its neurologic and neuropsychological correlates. DESIGN AND METHODS: We describe a patient with a reduplicative phantom illusion of her lower limbs. Motor and sensory functions, as well as mental representation of body and space, were studied during the reduplication experience until its resolution. SETTING: Clinical neurology department in a primary care hospital. PATIENT: A 64-year-old, left-handed woman who experienced the uncontrollable and distressing feeling of having 4 legs, without delusional belief, after surgical removal of a right-predominant parasagittal parietal meningioma. This phenomenon spontaneously resolved after 2 weeks. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical neurologic examinations and standardized neuropsychological tests, with emphasis on tests assessing orientation to body parts, right-left discrimination, and mental orientation in space. RESULTS: The patient had severe weakness and proprioceptive sensory loss in both lower limbs. She had no disturbances of body schema knowledge but a striking impairment in tasks requiring mental orientation in space, particularly for right-left laterality discrimination. Resolution of the reduplication experience correlated with improvement in the affected spatial abilities, while motor, sensory, and other cognitive functioning did not significantly change. CONCLUSION: This patient's reduplicative phantom illusion might be related to the combination of the severe somatosensory loss with an underlying impaired mental representation of relative positions in space.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1994

Natural neural sensing and artificial muscle control in man.

In the intact organism, specialised sensors in the skin, muscles and joints provide sensory feedback information that is normally used by the central nervous system to regulate and update the motor output. Many sensory functions remain intact after spinal cord injury or stroke. Here we demonstrate that natural sensory nerve activity in man can be chronically recorded, and that the recorded neural activity can provide sensory feedback signals for an event-driven artificial reflex control of paralysed muscles.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Effects of cholinergic depletion on glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the somatosensory cortex of rats.

The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of cholinergic depletion on the morphology and staining density of barrels formed by glutamic acid decarboxylase-positive neuropil in the posteromedial barrel subfield of the somatosensory cortex. The density and distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactive neuropil were examined after highly selective lesions of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert with an immunotoxin, IgG 192-saporin. Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was also examined in animals subjected to a whisker-pairing experience and lesion of acetylcholine inputs from the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Seven to 9 weeks after intraventricular injection of the immunotoxin, animals were perfused with a zinc aldehyde fixative and glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity was examined in 30-micron tangential sections. Cholinergic depletion caused reduced glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in selective regions of the posteromedial barrel subfield. The density of neuropil and cell bodies immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase was significantly reduced in septa and perimeters of barrel walls. The length, width, and area of barrels were reduced 10-20% in cholinergic-depleted animals compared with controls. The density of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the hollow of barrels was not affected by this treatment. Whisker pairing did not significantly change the density of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in barrels. These observations are discussed in regard to how long-term cholinergic depletion affects the function of different fiber systems in the posteromedial barrel subfield cortex and how some sensory functions may be comprised.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1992

Ultrastructural localization of somatostatin- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the feline liver.

The distribution and the possible source of somatostatin- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers were studied in the liver of the cat by immunocytochemical techniques. Abundant substance P-immunoreactive and a moderate number of somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found running around the blood vessels in the perilobular connective tissue. Some somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were also observed in the liver. A moderate number of somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve profiles were found inside the hepatic lobules along the sinusoid endothelial cells and the hepatocytes. The interspace between the axon and hepatocyte and endothelial cells membranes was about 20 nm. Cutting the extrinsic hepatic nerves resulted in marked reduction of substance P-immunoreactive nerves but only a slight reduction of somatostatin-immunoreactive nerves in the liver. These findings provide a morphological basis for the possibility that somatostatin and substance P may act as transmitters or neuromodulators on the neighboring smooth muscle cells of vessels and may regulate the function of the hepatocytes. It is also possible that some of these fibers serve sensory function along the blood vessels.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Clinical presentation and physical examination.

The main points to assimilate concerning the presentation of peripheral nerve tumors are their subtle features, few symptoms, and even fewer signs. It is no surprise that most lesions become apparent only when a mass becomes palpable. Pain, paresthesia, and a positive Tinel's sign are sometimes the only features, with the paresthesia being variable and unreliable as a clinical entity. Loss of profound sensory function and motor function is generally a late feature. When patients present with progressive pain and significant sensory and any motor deficits, these signs suggest that a more sinister lesion is present. It cannot be overstressed that the stigmata of neurocutaneous disorders should be sought in all patients with suspected peripheral nerve tumors. Similarly, the presence of such stigmata in a patient presenting with vague paresthetic symptoms in a nerve distribution should make the clinician suspect and investigate for an underlying nerve tumor.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Behavioral profiling of NPY in aggression and neuropsychiatric diseases.

The abundantly expressed neuropeptide Y (NPY) has potent effects on feeding, body weight, and blood pressure, and exhibits important functions in various behavioral domains such as motor activity and anxiety. The potent neurotransmitter exerts its biological effects through at least five G-protein coupled receptors termed Y(1), Y(2), Y(4), Y(5), and y(6). The behavioral profile of NPY function has been extensively studied using traditional pharmacological and classic genetic animal models. Based on these studies, variations in the profile of NPY and its receptors have been found. To limit the variability and inconsistencies in the behavioral profile of NPY and to clarify its effects on certain domains in further detail, it is important to design a rational standardized strategy for behavioral testing, using a complement of different well-established and reproducible tests. This strategy can minimize the risk that false positive or false negative results lead to a contradictory and inconsistent behavioral characterization of NPY function. Ideally, such screening should be composed of an initial monitoring of general health, sensory functions, and motor abilities, before specific behavioral domains such as anxiety or aggression are investigated using a multi-tiered phenotyping approach. In this review, we will focus on a brief description of the latest insights into the behavioral profile of NPY in the selective lesser investigated domains such as aggression and depression-schizophrenia-related behaviors. We will combine this information with possible strategies to evaluate the different specific phenotypes in more detail.

Aggression↗

PubMed2005

[The establishment of geriatric intervention group and geriatric assessment at emergency of Henri-Mondor hospital].

BACKGROUND: The official French demographic previsions are a growing number of the older than 75 years elderly people. The Emergency services face this demographic evolution. We describe the establishment of the geriatric intervention group at the emergency of the Henri-Mondor university hospital at Creteil (France) and analyse the results of the geriatric assessment at the short unit care during the first four months. METHODS: We analysed the results of the geriatric assessment of 206 patients during the first four months, by considering the final unit care. The geriatric assessment evaluates functional abilities, cognitive status and thymic function with elderly people validated tests and subjective assessment of nutrition status and the sensorial functions. RESULTS: The statistical analysis of the geriatric assessment results was significant among the different hospitalized groups of patients, for the cognitive status, the nutritional risk and the walk and standing evaluation. CONCLUSION: The results of the geriatric assessment at emergency showed cognitive impairment and gait abnormality in elderly patients were at risk of hospitalization.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Effect of gastrin on proximal gastric motor function in humans.

UNLABELLED: The present study was performed to investigate the effect of gastrin on proximal gastric motor and sensory function. Ten healthy volunteers participated in three experiments performed in random order during: (A) continuous intravenous infusion of saline (control) or (B) gastrin (15 pmol kg-1 h-1) reaching postprandial serum gastrin levels or (C) gastrin infusion (15 pmol kg-1 h-1) preceded by acute acid inhibition with intravenous omeprazole. Proximal gastric function was evaluated using a barostat with stepwise pressure and volume distensions and volume measurements during set pressure (MDP + 2 mmHg). Gastrin significantly increased the intragastric volume compared to control during MDP + 2 mmHg (276 +/- 39 mL vs. 159 +/- 9 mL; P < 0.01) and reduced phasic slow volume wave frequency (from 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 per min; P < 0.01). During isobaric distensions gastrin increased gastric compliance (42 +/- 4 mL mmHg-1 vs. 31 +/- 3 mL mmHg-1; P < 0.05). These effects of gastrin infusion were completely abolished by pretreatment with omeprazole. Symptom perception decreased during gastrin infusion and was more dependent on pressure and wall tension than on volume. IN CONCLUSION: gastrin may have a role in regulating proximal gastric mechanics by inducing fundic relaxation and increasing gastric wall compliance. The effect of gastrin is dependent on acid secretion.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Sensory evoked potentials in infants with Down syndrome.

AIM: To investigate the sensory functions of the peripheral to central pathways in infants with Down syndrome (DS) by sensory evoked potentials. METHODS: Fifty-five infants, 30 DS infants and 25 controls, were examined by multimodal evoked potentials, including brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), visual evoked potentials (VEP) and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). RESULTS: No obvious difference was found in the peak latencies between the two groups for BAEP. Nine children with DS showed abnormal BAEP; six had hearing loss and three had prolonged wave I latencies. For VEP, the peak latencies of P(2) and N(2) were significantly longer and the amplitudes were smaller in the DS group than in the control group. Of the 30 infants with DS, five had significantly prolonged P(2) latencies and two had lower amplitudes. In SSEP, the mean latencies of N(20) and the interpeak latencies of N(13)-N(20) of the infants with DS showed apparent prolongation compared to the controls. Seven of 30 (23.3%) DS patients had prolonged N(20) latencies. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that various sensory deficits occur in patients with DS during the first year of life.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative threshold changes in cutaneous sensation of patients with burns.

Decreased cutaneous sensation is common after burn injury. This study was designed to quantitate threshold sensory loss with the use of a microcomputer-based sensory testing device that generated precisely controlled stimuli. Threshold evaluations of two-point discrimination, pinprick, warming, touch, and vibration were performed on patients with burns (n = 16) and on control subjects (n = 42). All threshold measures in patients with burns were elevated above those for control subjects; threshold measures that reached statistical significance were two-point discrimination, warming, touch, and vibration. Unburned sites on patients with burns had higher thresholds than sites on control subjects, though only vibration was significant. A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of touch and vibration thresholds in control subjects, but there was no similar correlation found in patients with burns. When controls for age were applied, touch and vibration thresholds remained significantly elevated above control levels, and decreases in significance for two-point discrimination and warming were noted. It was concluded that sensory function is reduced in patients with burns. Alternative mechanisms that may have caused the sensory changes were discussed.

Adult↗