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PubMedDate not supplied

Criteria for judging the credibility of children's statements about their sexual abuse.

One hundred and three cases of child sexual maltreatment, where offenders confessed to some level of their abuse, were examined to determine the extent to which the children's statements about their victimization contained three widely accepted clinical criteria of a true sexual abuse allegation. The results support clinical assumptions that the criteria in question were valid ones for determining the truth of a sexual abuse allegation in cases involving confessions of abusers.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. A statement for physicians and health professionals by the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association.

This statement for physicians replaces the American Heart Association's Dietary Guidelines for Healthy American Adults, published in 1986. The current guidelines propose an optimal preventive diet for coronary heart disease. Emphasis is placed on reduction of both saturated fat and total fat. Complex carbohydrates are recommended as the major replacement for calories from fat. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats partially replace calories from other fat sources. Cholesterol and sodium guidelines are expressed with an upper limit on each. The use of alcohol as a possible means of preventing cardiovascular disease is not advised. Maintenance of recommended body weight by calorie control and physical activity is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The recognition and management of hyperlipidaemia in adults: A policy statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society.

The control of coronary heart disease (CHD) depends primarily on its prevention at an early stage. It is generally agreed that this depends upon the elimination or treatment of the known risk factors for CHD. Among these, hyperlipidaemia occupies a central position. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition is the subject of this statement. Before initiating therapy for primary hyperlipidaemia the common causes of secondary hyperlipidaemia are sought and dealt with, including diabetes, hypothyroidism, over-use of alcohol, renal and liver diseases and certain drugs. Next, an assessment of all risk factors for CHD is carried out, i.e. family history of CHD, smoking, hypertension, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measurement, diabetes mellitus and overweight. More intensive therapy is called for in patients with multiple risk factors than in those with lone hyperlipidaemia, and also after successful bypass operation or after coronary angioplasty. Evaluation of hyperlipidaemia in the patient's family is often appropriate. The diagnosis and follow-up of the hyperlipidaemic patient depend on reliable and well-controlled laboratory support. The primary hyperlipidaemias include several distinct diseases that are characterized by elevated serum levels of cholesterol and/or triglyceride with or without abnormally low levels of HDL cholesterol. From these measurements, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are calculated [except when triglyceride levels are greater than 500 mg dl-1 (5.6 mmol l-1)]. Elevated LDL levels are causally important in atherosclerosis, and occur in three disorders: familial hypercholesterolaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia and common hypercholesterolaemia. The finding of elevated serum triglyceride without marked hypercholesterolaemia may occur in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and sometimes in familial combined hyperlipidaemia. Elevation of serum cholesterol and triglyceride can have several genetic bases, including remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia and familial combined hyperlipidaemia. The characteristic feature of remnant (type III) hyperlipidaemia (demonstrated by ultracentrifugation in a specialized laboratory) is the presence of cholesterol and triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), whereas combined (mixed) hyperlipidaemia is diagnosed when both VLDL (of normal composition) and LDL levels are elevated. Investigation of other family members is necessary to make the diagnosis of familial combined hyperlipidaemia. It depends on the identification of different lipoprotein profiles in affected members of the same family.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. A statement for physicians and health professionals by the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association.

This statement for physicians replaces the American Heart Association's Diet and Coronary Heart Disease, published in 1978. The current guidelines propose an optimal preventive diet for coronary heart disease. Emphasis is placed on the reduction of both saturated fat and total fat. Complex carbohydrates are recommended as the major replacement for calories from fat. Polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats partially replace calories from other fat sources. Cholesterol and sodium guidelines are expressed relative to caloric intake, with an upper limit on each. The use of alcohol as a possible means of preventing cardiovascular disease is not advised. Maintenance of ideal body weight by calorie control and an adequate level of activity is emphasized.

American Heart Association↗
PubMed1979

[Statements of a patient concerning his writer's cramp].

The spontaneous statements a patient with writers' cramp made in analytic psychotherapy about the relatively slight motor disorder of his right hand were recorded. This immediate presentation of the relations between the patient's person and his disorder were compared with investigations and reports about patients with writer's cramp in psychotherapy. Similarities and differences in the views of the patient and of the therapists about the relation between person and symptom were shown. This was done under special evaluation of the categories of interpersonal communication, developed by D. Wyss in his "integrative psychotherapy".

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The development of a "statement of policy regarding consultations".

The use of consultations in family medicine has often been misunderstood by both the persons seeking the consultations and the persons acting as consultants. A policy regarding the use of consultants has been written by the Department of Family Medicine and Practice at the Center for Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin. The statement includes a definition of "consultation," the reasons and goals for consultation, and the manner in which consultations are obtained. The policy includes the family practice residents, faculty, and patients in the decision-making process prior to all consultations.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1984

Trampoline-related quadriplegia: review of the literature and reflections on the American Academy of Pediatrics' position statement.

A review of the world's literature documenting cervical spine injuries has been made in an attempt to determine common factors regarding patient characteristics, environment, injury mechanisms, and pathology. The policy statements and safety guidelines of both the American Academy of Pediatrics and athletic administrative bodies have been reviewed in order to evaluate what effect, if any, these policies and guidelines have had on documented injuries. On the basis of this review, it is believed that the AAP was ill-advised in altering its position on the use of trampolines. The opinion is presented that both the trampoline and minitrampoline are dangerous devices when used in the best of circumstances, and their use has no place in recreational, educational, or competitive gymnastics.

Accidents↗
PubMed1978

Verification of property statements by retarded and nonretarded adolescents.

Educable mentally retarded and nonretarded adolescents verified true and false statements about the properties of common objects. For the true sentences, one-half contained properties rated as highly salient to the given object, and half contained less salient properties. Further, at each level of salience, one-half of the properties were static (physical) properties, e.g., "Carrots are orange," and half were action properties, e.g., "Rabbits can hop." True verification times were more rapid for all subjects when sentences contained highly salient properties. In addition, sentences containing action properties were verified faster than those containing static properties, but only by the retarded subjects (whose response times were slower overall). Additional analyses indicated that the retarded subjects responded particularly rapidly to action properties that designate "what can be done to an object" (extrinsic-action properties) as opposed to "what an object can do" (intrinsic-action properties). These findings were discussed in relation to the organization of semantic knowledge and the apparent group differences in the weighting of semantic features.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advance statements about medical treatment.

The BMA recently produced comprehensive professional guidance on advance statements and medical treatment, in the form of a Code of Practice and explanatory notes. However, some of the guidance is problematic. This article reviews various aspects of the Code and recommends its use as a set of essential explanatory notes to health-care professionals.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

American Nurses Association. position statement on assisted suicide.

Nurses, individually and collectively, have an obligation to provide comprehensive and compassionate end-of-life care which includes the promotion of comfort and the relief of pain and, at times, forgoing life-sustaining treatments. The American Nurses Association (ANA) believes that the nurse should not participate in assisted suicide. Such an act is in violation of the Code for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (Code for Nurses) and the ethical traditions of the profession.

American Nurses' Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Section 9 police statement: a guide for junior doctors.

In England and Wales the police require medical evidence in crimes committed against a person. This will take the form of either a verbal statement given to a police officer under his/her direction, or a written report compiled by the doctor. Police surgeons regularly compile these reports without any complications. However, for many junior doctors they have potential pitfalls. This article is aimed primarily at junior doctors and GPs who are asked infrequently to provide medical evidence in criminal cases.

Crime↗
PubMed1994

Physical inactivity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a WHO and International Society and Federation of Cardiology position statement.

Coronary heart disease is responsible for a considerable amount of the morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases in industrialized countries. Many countries have therefore adopted prevention policies designed to reduce the prevalence of three of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease--high serum cholesterol, smoking, and high blood pressure. Physical inactivity is, however, also an important risk factor for developing coronary heart disease. This article presents a position statement by WHO and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology on physical inactivity and coronary heart disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1993

National advisory committee on immunization (NACI). Statement on hepatitis B vaccine.

The following recommendations on hepatitis B vaccine from NACI will appear in the 4th edition of the Canadian Immunization Guide scheduled for publication in autumn 1993. They contain updated information on the epidemiology of hepatitis B in Canada and response to hepatitis B vaccine. In addition to vaccinating targeted high-risk populations, routine childhood immunization is now recommended although details on the preferred target age group and schedule are not yet finalized. There are some changes to the sections on pre-exposure immunization, post-exposure management, routine boosters (no longer needed), and post-vaccination serology. Finally, the statement incorporates the new vaccine dosages for infants and children for Merck Sharp and Dohme's Recombivax HB, approved January 1992, and SmithKline Beecham's Engerix-B, approved September 1992.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

American Nurses Association philosophical statement on ethics and human rights.

The purpose of this statement is to describe some of the features of human rights and to indicate how human rights and ethics are related. Human rights are assertions that call for treating human beings as ends in themselves, rather than as means to the goals and purposes of others. The principle of justice is one point at which issues of ethics and human rights intersect.

American Nurses' Association↗