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PubMed1991

Aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the descending thoracic aorta. Analysis of 40 necropsy patients.

Clinical and necropsy findings are described in 40 patients who had aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the descending thoracic aorta. Their ages at death ranged from 39 to 91 years (mean, 66 years); 24 (60%) were men and 16 (40%) were women. Systemic hypertension was present by history in 33 patients (83%) and the hearts were of increased weight in 78%. Of the 40 patients, 31 (78%) had no operative intervention, while 9 (22%) underwent operation for aortic dissection. Of the 31 patients without operative therapy, the diagnosis of aortic dissection was established in life in 9 patients (29%) and at necropsy in 22 (71%). The interval from aortic dissection to death was 30 days or less in 13 patients (42%); rupture of the false channel was the cause of death in 9 patients (69%), renal failure in 2 (15%), and the cause was unclear in 2 (15%). The interval from aortic dissection to death was more than 30 days in 18 (58%) of the 31 patients without operative therapy. The cause of death in these 18 patients was related to the dissection in 11 (61%) (rupture of the false channel in 5; renal failure from dissection in 3, and rupture of the false channel of a second acute dissection in 3), but in the other 7 patients (39%) death was unrelated to the dissection but a nonfatal complication, specifically stenosis of the true channel from compression by a thrombus-filled false channel, occurred in 4 of these 7 patients. Thus only 3 (10%) of the 31 patients without operative therapy had no complications of aortic dissection. All nine patients who underwent operation had had an aortic dissection within 30 days, and the operation was performed because of a major complication of the dissection. Four patients survived 8 to 84 months after the operation. Thus early operative intervention (before the appearance of complications) appears justified in patients with aortic dissection with the entrance tear in the descending thoracic aorta to prevent rupture of the false channel acutely or after initial healing; to prevent renal failure from compression of renal arteries by an aneurysmal false channel; to prevent true channel stenosis from compression by a thrombus-filled false channel; and possibly to prevent the recurrence of acute dissection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous abdominal aortic dissection: case report and review.

An abdominal aortic dissection was incidentally imaged by contrast infusion computed tomography (CT) in a patient with an abdominal liposarcoma. Previously reported cases of spontaneous abdominal aortic dissection with radiographs are reviewed.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed2004

[Total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the long term outcomes of the surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection, we performed ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement combined with transaortic stented graft implantation into the descending aorta for acute and chronic type A aortic dissection. METHODS: From April 2003 to March 2004, 40 consecutive patients with acute or chronic Stanford type A aortic dissection underwent this procedure. Right axillary artery cannulation was routinely used for cardiopulmonary bypass and selected cerebral perfusion. The stented elephant trunk was implanted through the aortic arch under hypothermic circulatory arrest. The stented elephant trunk was a 10 cm long self expandable graft. Enhanced electric beam computed tomography (EBCT) was performed in each patient before discharge, three month after surgery, and once each year after discharge to evaluate the postoperative time course of the residual false lumen. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary bypass time was (166 +/- 38) min, average cross clamp time was (107 +/- 28) min, and average selective cerebral perfusion and lower body arrest time was (30 +/- 15) min. The in-hospital mortality was 5% (2/40). One patient died of multi-organ failure postoperatively and another died of cerebral infarction 2 month after surgery. One suffered from spinal cord injury perioperatively. There was no late death during follow up. CONCLUSION: Ascending aorta and total aortic arch replacement combined with transaortic stented graft implantation into the descending aorta is an effective way in closing the residual false lumen of the descending aorta and might contribute to the better long term outcomes of type A aortic dissection. Our half mortality of 2 patients suffering acute renal failure suggests that this group may be candidates for medical or delayed surgical intervention. Conversely, our 5% mortality rate for those renal intact patients warrant aggressive and expeditious surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Aortic dissection with aorto-left atrial fistula formation soon after aortic valve replacement: A lethal complication diagnosed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.

Fistulas between the aorta and left atrium are a rare manifestation of aortic dissection and are infrequently diagnosed premortem. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who exhibited this condition soon after aortic valve replacement and eventually died from rapidly developing refractory congestive heart failure. The diagnosis was indicated by transthoracic echocardiography and was ultimately made with transesophageal echocardiography and color flow Doppler imaging. Transesophageal echocardiography is the procedure of choice for establishing the correct diagnosis and leading to prompt surgical repair of this lethal condition.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[The advantages of axillary artery cannulation in surgical treatment of type A acute aortic dissection].

There are more alternative cannulation techniques during surgery of type A aortic dissection. The most frequently used femoro-atrial cannulation method provides limited possibility for brain protection during surgery. This theory is confirmed by relatively high frequency of major brain complications in patients operated on while using this cannulation technique. During the last years cannulationis used more often, as it may provide more protection for the brain than other methods. In 2003 seven patients underwent aortic reconstruction because of type A acute aortic dissection using axillary cannulation. All patients except one were discharged after uneventful recovery. There were no postoperative neurological complications following surgery. We lost one patient due to distal progression of the dissection. He was the only patient with clinical evidence of transient postoperative brain damage. We are strongly convinced that the spectacular improvement in our results for the surgery of type A acute aortic dissection is due to the axillary cannulation, the anterograde flow and the isolated cerebral perfusion. We recommend the axillary cannulation technique as the first choice in type A acute aortic dissection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Cerebral monitoring with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography improves neurologic outcome during repairs of acute type A aortic dissection.

OBJECTIVE: Neurologic complications after repair of acute type A aortic dissection remain significant. The use of power M-mode transcranial Doppler monitoring to verify cerebral blood flow during these repairs might decrease cerebral ischemia by correcting malperfusion. The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of power M-mode transcranial Doppler monitoring during repairs of acute type A dissection with regard to neurologic outcome. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing repairs of acute type A aortic dissection. Repairs included profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion. Patients in whom transcranial Doppler monitoring was used to monitor cerebral blood flow and modify operative technique during repair (study group) were compared with those without monitoring and modification (control group). RESULTS: Between September 2001 and October 2003, we repaired 56 cases of acute type A dissection. Power M-mode transcranial Doppler monitoring was used in 50% (28/56) of cases. Power M-mode transcranial Doppler monitoring altered operative cannulation and guided retrograde cerebral perfusion flow in 28.5% (8/28) and 78.6% (22/28) of cases, respectively. Two patients presented with preoperative stroke, one in each group. One operative death occurred in each group. In-hospital mortality and the occurrence of new stroke were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Temporary neurologic dysfunction occurred less often in the study group (14.8% [4/27] vs 51.8% [14/27], P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of cerebral malperfusion requires cerebral monitoring. By ensuring cerebral blood flow by using power M-mode transcranial Doppler monitoring and correcting cerebral malperfusion by modifying operative technique, neurologic outcome was improved during repairs of acute type A aortic dissection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type A aortic dissection. General considerations and results of 173 operations.

Aortic dissection is an uncommon however catastrophic disease with extremely high mortality rate in untreated patients. Proper diagnosis and treatment can favourably modify natural history. This review will discuss following topics: 1. Pathophysiology, incidence and classification 2. Clinical manifestation 3. Diagnostic procedures 4. Treatment. Own experience in treatment of acute type A aortic dissection will be shown with special focus on aortic arch resection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Acute type A aortic dissection].

BACKGROUND: Current surgical results for acute type A aortic dissection has been getting better, though the mortality rate still remains high, up to 10-15% in Japan. Our strategy consists of #1 make the most use of echography for better understanding of hemodynamics; #2 the extent of replacement depends on the site of initial entry; #3 deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion for brain protection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2003, 45 consecutive patients were treated. Twelve of them had extended replacement of the arch, and 3 had simultaneous root replacement by means of a composite graft. RESULTS: In hospital mortality was 11% (5 patients). The cause of death was serious organ malperfusion, which had been developed preoperatively, in all patients but 1 who suffered from thoracic aortic obstruction due to newly developed type B aortic dissection. CONCLUSIONS: The determinant of surgical mortality in patients with acute type A aortic dissection is the presence of serious organ malperfusion. Rapid diagnosis and less invasive treatment for malperfusion is the key to improve the results.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Aortic dissection in pregnant woman with the Marfan syndrome].

In patients with Marfan syndrome, pregnancy is associated with a potential higher risk of aortic dissection. To determine the incidence and characteristics of aortic dissection in pregnancy, clinical courses of 8 patients with Marfan syndrome were reviewed. Aortic dissection occurred in 3 patients, one of whom had developed rapid dilatation of the ascending aorta during pregnancy. The patient underwent Bentall operation subsequent to cesarean section and simple hysterectomy. All patients tolerated pregnancy well, with favorable maternal and fetal outcomes. Follow-up echocardiography showed no apparent worsening of cardiovascular status attributable to pregnancy such as aortic dilatation and aortic regurgitation except for one patient. Dilatation of the ascending aorta during pregnancy is considered to be an important predictor for aortic dissection. Close observation should be mandatory in such patients. In patients with serious cardiovascular involvement such as acute aortic dissection, cesarean section is preferable for delivery. To prevent hemorrhagic complications under systemic heparinization, simultaneous hysterectomy should be considered as one option.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reversal of end-stage renal disease after aortic dissection using renal artery stent: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Medical management is the conventional treatment for Stanford Type B aortic dissections as surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The advent of endovascular interventional techniques has revived interest in treating end-organ complications of Type B aortic dissection. We describe a patient who benefited from endovascular repair of renal artery stenosis caused by a dissection flap, which resulted in reversal of his end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CASE PRESENTATION: A 69 y/o male with a Type B aortic dissection diagnosed two months earlier was found to have a serum creatinine of 15.2 mg/dL (1343.7 micromol/L) on routine visit to his primary care physician. An MRA demonstrated a rightward spiraling aortic dissection flap involving the origins of the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and both renal arteries. The right renal artery arose from the false lumen with lack of blood flow to the right kidney. The left renal artery arose from the true lumen, but an intimal dissection flap appeared to be causing an intermittent stenosis of the left renal artery with compromised blood flow to the left kidney. Endovascular reconstruction with of the left renal artery with stent placement was performed. Hemodialysis was successfully discontinued six weeks after stent placement. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous intervention provides a promising alternative for patients with Type B aortic dissections when medical treatment will not improve the likelihood of meaningful recovery and surgery entails too great a risk. Nephrologists should therefore be aggressive in the workup of ischemic renal failure associated with aortic dissection as percutaneous intervention may reverse the effects of renal failure in this population.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Aortic dissection: magnetic resonance imaging.

Fifteen patients with suspected or known aortic dissection were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR). Thirteen of these patients were eventually shown to have dissection. In most instances the diagnosis was established by aortography and/or computed tomography (CT) prior to the MR study. Surgical proof (6/13) and/or aortographic proof (10/13) were available in 11/13 patients with aortic dissection. MR demonstrated the intimal flap and determined whether the dissection was type A or type B. In addition, MR: differentiated between the true and false lumens; determined the origins of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries from the true or false lumen in the cases where the dissection extended into the abdominal aorta (8/12); allowed post-surgical surveillance of the dissection; and identified aortoannular ectasia in the three patients who had Marfan syndrome. In addition to the 13 cases with dissection, there were two cases in whom the diagnosis of dissection was excluded by MR. Our early experience suggests that MR can serve as the initial imaging test in clinically suspected cases of aortic dissection and that the information provided by MR is sufficient to manage many cases. Additionally, MR obviates the use of iodinated contrast media.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Abdominal catastrophes and limb arterial occlusions caused by acute aortic dissection. Experiences of a longitudinal population-based study of 28 years].

The authors pursue longitudinal studies since 1972 on a defined population of 106,000 relating to several questions of the aortic dissection. Till now, in 90 patients 93 cases of the aortic dissection were found. In seven patients, the aortic dissection was complicated with the clinical and pathological symptoms of surgical diseases. The vascular complications of the aortic dissection caused obstruction of coecomesenteric arteries with severe ischemic signs in four patients, obstruction of iliac arteries in two patients and the left sublavian artery in one another. In an additional patient with a chronic recurrent pancreatitis, the acute aortic dissection as an acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis was considered. It makes known in a short report of cases the clinicopathological features of vascular complications of the thoracoabdominal aortic dissections. Their pathomechanisms as well as the possibilities of their diagnosis and treatment are reviewing in detail.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2004

Traumatic type B aortic dissection causing near total occlusion of aortic lumen and diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography: A case report.

A true dissection of the descending thoracic aorta resulting from blunt chest trauma is a relatively rare injury compared with aortic transsection and occurs mostly in the region of the aortic isthmus. It is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis. In this case, we report a patient with Stanford type B aortic dissection caused by decelerating trauma of the chest in a motor vehicle accident causing near total occlusion of the aortic lumen. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by aortography.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

Aortic dissection after previous cardiovascular surgery.

BACKGROUND: Risk of repairing aortic dissection after previous cardiovascular surgery has not been described clearly. This study assesses early and late outcomes of such reoperations. METHODS: From January 1, 1990, to January 1, 2002, 108 patients with prior cardiovascular surgery (isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, 51%; isolated valve surgery, 21%; aortic aneurysm repair, 24%; and combinations of these in the remainder) underwent reoperation for aortic dissection (emergency operation for acute dissection in 24%). Mean age was 63 +/- 13 years, and 85% were men. The interval since prior surgery ranged from 10 days to 22 years (median, 3.8 years). This was the third operation for 8%. Ascending aortic repair with or without aortic arch or descending aortic repair was performed in 40%, aortic valve replacement (n = 15) or repair (n = 17) with ascending aortic repair in 30%, aortic root replacement with or without aortic arch or descending aortic repair in 30%, and aortic arch with or without descending aortic repair in 1%. Circulatory arrest was used in 78%, with retrograde brain perfusion in 58%. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 6%, stroke 4%, renal failure 2%, and respiratory failure 7%. Survival at 30 days and 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 93%, 85%, 74%, 63%, and 53%, respectively. Aortic reoperation was performed in 7 patients, with freedom from this event at 30 days and 1, 3, 5, and 7 years of 98%, 95%, 93%, 91%, and 89%., respectively CONCLUSIONS: Aortic dissection after cardiovascular surgery is rare and can be managed with acceptable operative risks and good long-term survival. Need for subsequent aortic reoperation is uncommon.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Acute type A aortic dissection involving the left main coronary artery and the aortic valve--a case report.

The authors report a case study of a 60 year-old-male admitted to the Coronary Care Unit with severe chest pain, hypertension and ST depression on the anterior and lateral leads of the electrocardiogram. A diastolic murmur was heard in the aortic area. The chest X-ray showed an enlarged superior mediastinum. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an image that indicated an intimal flap above the aortic plane with severe aortic regurgitation. An aortography was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of acute type A aortic dissection with partial obstruction of the left main coronary artery, probably due to compression by the haematoma. The patient underwent emergency surgical repair with replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta. The patient survived without complications post surgery and was discharged ten days after onset of symptoms. Twenty months later, the patient was asymptomatic and the transesophageal echocardiogram showed a dissection of the descending thoracic aorta, mild aortic regurgitation and good left ventricular systolic function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Painless aortic dissection presenting as a progressive myelopathy.

We report a patient with a painless aortic dissection whose neurologic symptoms progressed over 5 days to a complete transverse myelopathy. She did not experience pain as her neurologic deficits evolved. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thoracic aortic dissection extending from the arch to the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra and demonstrated ischemic changes in the spinal cord and one thoracic vertebral body. Aortic dissection must be included in the differential diagnosis of spinal cord syndromes even in the absence of pain. Early recognition of aortic dissection as a cause of progressive myelopathy may become increasingly important as new therapies for central nervous system ischemia are developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Management of aortic insufficiency in chronic aortic dissection.

From January 1980 to December 1988, 44 patients with chronic aortic dissection and aortic insufficiency underwent operation. This group of patients was analyzed to evaluate the outcome of those in whom the aortic valve was preserved compared with those having valve replacement. The overall preoperative characteristics of the two groups were similar except for the incidence of Marfan's syndrome. Valve replacement was the elected procedure in patients with valve degeneration or annuloaortic ectasia. In patients with leaflet prolapse with or without an enlarged annulus, a plastic procedure was used. In 48% of the patients, it was possible to preserve the valve. There were five hospital deaths (11%): three were due to low-output syndrome, one was due to bleeding, and one was due to neurological complications. There were two late deaths (5%). Follow-up of the 37 surviving patients ranged from 2 to 108 months (mean follow-up, 18 months). Seventy-eight percent of the survivors were in functional class I and the others were in class II. Two patients in whom the aortic valve was preserved had mild aortic insufficiency. Three patients with bioprostheses underwent reoperation because of prosthetic valve dysfunction. One patient who had aortoplasty and an aortic valve plastic procedure was seen with redissection and aortic insufficiency after 60 months and was reoperated on using the Bentall technique. The actuarial survival curves showed that patients who underwent valvoplasty had higher, but not significantly higher, survival rates than the valve replacement patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗