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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

CT assessment of calcinosis in a patient with dermatomyositis.

A case of juvenile dermatomyositis developing intermuscular fascial plane calcification in the thighs early in the course of the disease is described. The use of CT was helpful in localizing the calcium deposits between the muscular layers before surgical removal of the calcification. These procedures may have prevented fistulization and development of contracture of the joints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Ileus in extensive intra-abdominal calcinosis after peritonitis].

We report on a case of extensive intraabdominal calcifications resulting from previous bacterial peritonitis. The patient suffered from an obstructive ileus. Relaparotomy was performed and the calcifications resected. To avoid recurrence, radiotherapy (15 Gy) and indomethacin were given. A literature review revealed only two cases of intraabdominal calcifications following peritonitis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1998

[Calcinosis of the basal ganglia and hypoparathyroidism].

In most patients with basal ganglia calcification no disturbance of calcium metabolism is present. We present four patients with basal ganglia calcification. Two suffered from a secondary hypoparathyroidism following a complicated strumectomy years ago, one had an Alport-Syndrome and hypoparathyroidism. Her mother showed basal ganglia calcification and an abortive Alport-Syndrome as well, but no hypoparathyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Prevalence and clinical significance of computerized tomography verified idiopathic calcinosis of the basal ganglia].

With increasing CT examinations of the cerebrum, the discovery of basal ganglia calcification becomes more frequent. In order to correlate these calcifications to the symptoms believed to be accompanied with Fahr's disease 2318 cranial CT scans were examined. There was an overall incidence of basal ganglia calcification of 12.5%. The most frequent location was the globus pallidus (96.4%). In the examined population there was no correlation found between the calcifications and symptoms having been described with striopallidentate calcifications.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of pre-existing lipids on calcinosis of swine heart valve bioprostheses. A study of a dynamic in vitro model].

Calcification is one of the main causes of failure of porcine bioprosthetic heart valves, a problem which has not been satisfactorily solved to date. Previous studies have shown that calcification is decreased in porcine heart valves that have undergone treatment for lipid extraction. The relation between lipid distribution and calcification of seven new commercially available porcine bioprosthetic heart valves (St. Jude Medical, Bioimplant) is assessed by Sudan red III staining to show preexisting lipids. All porcine bioprosthetic valves contained lipids to different degrees. Five valves were subjected to the pulsatile accelerated calcification process for 4 weeks. Distribution and level of calcification were evaluated by radiography and compared to the Sudan red-stained fatty areas. Comparison of the calcifications detected by radiography and the macroscopically detected lipids showed a coincidence of 57-66%. Two porcine bioprosthetic valves were histologically prepared and stained with Hematoxylin and von Kossa's stain, respectively. By light microscopy, the von Kossa staining revealed microcalcifications and polarizing microscopic investigation showed birefractive substances in areas with lipid deposits. These preexisting substances in porcine valve tissue may play a determinative role in the calcification of the tissue. Substantial studies are necessary to further determine the role of preexisting lipids in calcification.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Morphogenesis of media calcinosis in Mönckeberg disease. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and roentgen microanalysis findings].

OBJECTIVE: In contrast to granular mediacalcinosis of the aorta, Mönckeberg's disease is characterized by the occurrence of sheet-like calcification. It is usually said that the pathogenesis of this calcification is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To obtain some insight into the mechanism leading to this calcification, we performed light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic and X-ray microanalysis investigations on femoral arteries from autopsies. RESULTS: By light microscopy preferentially sheet-like calcifications of different size appeared. In the alizarin red S stain in the neighborhood of these compact structures calcified globules were observed. By SEM in the neighborhood of the compact areas calcified granules were found; the compact structures themselves consisted of granules sticking one onto the other. X-ray microanalysis exhibited high contents of calcium and phosphorus in the compact calcifications; they also showed a minor content of magnesium. Isolated granules inside the compact calcifications showed a nearly identical composition, while granules outside in the surrounding media consisted preferentially from calcium and phosphorus, but they exhibited a slight higher magnesium content. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that Mönckeberg's media calcification is due to dystrophic calcification. Calcified matrix vesicles from necrotic cells, as it is assumed for the pathogenesis of the calcification of arteriosclerotic plaques (31), are interpreted as precursors of the solid calcifications which may develop by confluence and sticking one onto the other of calcified globules.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Detection of coronary calcinosis with multislice spiral computerized tomography: an alternative to electron beam tomography].

Electron-beam CT (EBT) has been used for years as the gold standard to quantify coronary artery calcification as a marker of coronary atherosclerosis. With the introduction of Multi-Slice Spiral CT (MSCT) technology in 1999, EBT is now challenged in the determination of coronary calcium. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT for the assessment of coronary calcium, comparing this new technique to EBT. The study population consisted of 54 male patients, aged 58 +/- 11 years with suspected coronary artery disease. For EBT, 40 axial slices (scan time = 100 ms, slice thickness = 3 mm) were acquired in one breath-hold (35 +/- 5 s) using an ECG-trigger at 80% of the RR interval. For MSCT, simultaneous acquisition of four axial slices (scan time = 250 ms, slice thickness = 2.5 mm) allowed the entire heart (40 slices) to be covered in one breath-hold (25 +/- 5 s) using a prospective ECG-trigger (R--450 ms). For quantification of coronary calcium the Agatston and the Volumetric calcium score (VCS) were applied. Mean Agatston score of the study group was calculated as 88 +/- 111 (median = 45), which is between the 25th and 75th age-corrected percentile of asymptomatic patients. For the Volumetric calcium score, number of lesions, calcium mass and density, no statistical difference was found between both imaging modalities. Agatston and Volumetric calcium score were statistically different between and within both scans. Mean variability of VCS of the two methods was calculated as 24% and was in the range of repeated EBT studies (14-44.9%). The Multi-Slice Spiral CT scanner is equivalent to EBT for the determination of coronary calcium and can, therefore, be used for calcium screening. Using a prospective ECG-trigger technique, the application of the Agatston method delivers statistically different results in comparison to EBT. With the application of the spiral mode technique, retrospective ECG-trigger and thinner slice thickness, further improvement in variability can be expected, thus allowing for follow-up studies to determine progression or regression of atherosclerosis with high accuracy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Media calcinosis from the viewpoint of the cardiologist].

Mediacalcinosis (MC) represents a disease of the muscular type arteries characterized by progredient calcification of the media. MC involves most frequently the arteries of the lower extremities. However, a more extensive disease involving the arteries of the pelvis and the abdominal aorta is common. A systemic extension of MC with the involvement of the coronary arteries has been reported, but is however, according to the present opinion, rather rare. MC occurs isolated (primary MC) as well as associated with other diseases (secondary MC). The secondary forms are most frequently due to diabetes mellitus type II and to chronic renal insufficiency and accompanying secondary hyperparathyroidism. The etiopathogenesis of MC has not yet been clarified. The recent evidence based on molecular-biologic investigations suggests an active pathomechanism of an ectopic arterial wall ossification. Genetic predisposition appears possible. The diagnosis of MC is traditionally established by conventional x-ray radiography of the pelvis-lower extremity-region. Among the newer imaging modalities, the computed tomography and the high resolution B-mode ultrasonography are of special importance. The diagnostics of coronary calcification are in descending order of importance relevant the intracoronary ultrasonography (IVUS), the electron beam computed tomography (EBT), the thorax-fluoroscopy and the thorax-radiography. For the diagnosis of coronary MC necessary arterial wall layer specific calcium detection is currently possible only with the IVUS methodology. The prognosis of the primary MC is quoad vitam good. However, the mechanic and biological effects of MC on cardiacal and vascular function have not yet been determined. The secondary MC in type II diabetics represents an independent cardiovascular risk factor. A causal therapy of MC is not known. For the clinical cardiologists, MC is of primary interest as a differential diagnosis to atherosclerosis. For the scientists, MC offers an excellent in vivo model to study processes associated with arterial wall ossifications and ageing.

Arteriosclerosis↗