SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CELLOPHANE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Recent studies on the role of the thymus in early stages of lymphopoiesis and immune differentiation.

The influence of thymus deprivation and thymus restoration was studied: a) on the cycling capacity of colony forming cells (CFU-S) in the bone marrow and b) on the establishment of tolerance in liver radiation chimeras. After neonatal thymectomy a reduction in the number of CFU-S in the bone marrow was observed. This reduction was accompanied by a striking decrease in the proportion of cycling cells in the bone marrow of thymus deprived mice. On the other hand, restoration of thymus function by thymic hormone (THF), by implantation of thymus in semi-impermeable cellophane bags, or by pregnancy, raised the number of cycling cells in the bone marrow to that of normal controls. Parental embryonic liver cells reconstitute lethally irradiated mice, and permit establishment of tolerance to further challenges of immunocompetent cells syngeneic to liver donors. We found here that adult thymectomy prevents the establishment of permanent tolerance in liver chimeras. Again, restoration of thymic function by THF permitted liver chimeric mice to resist the immunologic attack of parental spleen lymphocytes syngeneic to donor liver cells.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

[Studies on the in vitro antifungal activity of lanoconazole, a new topical antimycotic, against Trichophyton spp].

In vitro studies with a new imidazole antifungal agent lanoconazole (LCZ) were carried out to confirm its fungicidal property of the anti-dermatophytic activity and unlikeliness of dermatophytes to acquire secondary resistance to this drug. Minimal cidal concentration (MCC) values of LCZ against 6 strains each of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum determined by the cellophane membrane method were in a range of 0.063 to 0.5 micrograms/ml, and much lower than those of bifonazole (16-32 micrograms/ml). The LCZ-sensitivity of both of the two testing strains of T. mentagrophytes did not decrease to less than one-fourth of the initial level during 15 subcultures on LCZ-containing agar. These results suggest that LCZ potently inhibits dermatophytes in a fungicidal manner and that secondary resistance to LCZ is not easily developed in the dermatophytes tested.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1995

[Results of school children with enterobiasis in Tainan city, treated with mebendazole].

There were 2,471 school children suffering from enterobiasis in six primary schools of Tainan city. The infected children in five primary schools, Po-Ai, Yung-Hua, Fu-Hsiao, Pao-Jeng and Hsin-Nan, were treated with one single dosage of 100 mg mebendazole. In Shih-Men primary school, the sixth, the students were given placebos as a control group. Negative conversion rates of infected children were examined after three weeks of chemotherapy and school children in the six primary schools were surveyed for enterobiasis two months after chemotherapy to obtain infection rates. The method of examination was two consecutive-day adhesive cellophane perianal swabs. With the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of treatment, positive reduction rates were used and calculated according to the infection rates of school children gained before and after chemotherapy. Those rates in Pao-Jeng, Fu-Hsiao, Yung-Hua, Po-Ai and Hsin-Nan were 62.1%, 47.8%, 41.8%, 37.1% and 3.3%, respectively, and in Shih-Men 3.9%. Judging the data obtained from each grade or each class of schools showed that the efficacy of chemotherapy in reducing the rate of infection was variable. Hence, one single dose of mebendazole and education on personal hygiene were not sufficient to reduce the prevalence of enterobiasis in primary schools. This was because the cycle of E. vermicularis was relatively short, cutting out the routes of transmission was very difficult, and the factors involved were very complex. Overall, though the positive reduction rate presented in Hsin-Nan primary school showed nearly no success in reducing the infection, the other four schools showed valuable rates. Whether continue a treatment, of about three-months in duration, can inhibit the prevalence of enterobiasis among children in primary schools or not will need further study.

Child↗

PubMed1994

[Intestinal drug transport: a surgical problem?].

The case of a 35-year-old man is reported, who presented himself in the emergency room with anxiety and hallucinations. He then passed a small oval pack consisting of a dark paste wrapped in cellophane with his stool. This led to the suspicion of a "body packer syndrome" with cocaine intoxication. The plain abdominal X-ray revealed multiple oval structure scattered over the entire gastrointestinal tract. Cocaine metabolites in the urine confirmed the diagnosis. During the following whole-bowel irrigation the patient had a grand mal seizure. In order to accelerate the retrieval of this threatening load, surgical evacuation was immediately executed. 78 packs containing 650 grams cocaine were removed through a gastrotomy and a coecotomy, respectively. Two of these packs were leaking. Following an uneventful postoperative course the patient was discharged from the hospital 11 days later. According to the literature the recommended treatment for cocaine body packers is whole bowel irrigation. Operative treatment is mandatory in cases of small bowel obstruction or drug intoxication due to leaking packs.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[Foil-mounted sections of entire lungs (Gough-sections). Technic and diagnostic significance (author's transl)].

The diagnostic significance of sectioning of entire lungs (Gough-sections) was investigated by application of different staining methods. The stained sections were mounted on transparent cellophan-foils. Macroscopic and microscopic results are satisfactory after staining for iron and neutral fat and after application of particular enzymatic reactions. This method is especially recommended in topographic problems.

Histological Techniques↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Breast haematomas: same appearance, different diagnosis.

We report two cases of patients presenting as breast haematomas but with uncommon underlying pathology. One patient had a bilateral breast augmentation by a peculiar method of inserting shredded cellophane packing. A haematoma developed after a fall and subsequently became infected. The second patient was on long-term anticoagulant therapy and developed a haematoma through bleeding from an occult malignant lesion. Both cases demonstrate the need to obtain histology--especially in the elderly, where history and clinical examination may confound diagnosis.

Breast Diseases↗

PubMed1975

[Hemolytic and lethal properties of Ps. aeruginosa exotoxin].

Hemolytic and lethal properties of tbe preparations of exotoxin obtained from three Ps. aeruginosa strains in cultivation of bacteria on a hard medium covered with cellophane were studied. The exotoxin possessed a high hemolytic activity and after intraperitoneal administration caused the death of mice in the course of 24 hours. A marked thermostability and a wide range of temperature conditions and of the pH of the medium for expression of the hemolytic activity of the exotoxin was noted. Four fractions (one of which--the protein one, rapidly moving in the direction of the anode possessed hemolytic activity) were revealed by paper electrophoresis. Lethal activity failed to correlate with the hemolysin titre. At the same time the lethal factor, as in the case of hemolysin, was precipitated by trichloracetic acid and practically failed to be precipitated by chloroform; thermal treatment (70 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 60 min) of the exotoxin failed to eliminate its toxicity; however, it somewhat delayed the periods of death of the animals.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Application of transcutaneous microdialysis and continuous flow analysis for on-line glucose monitoring in newborn infants.

The combination of a transcutaneous microdialysis probe and continuous flow analysis was tested for continuous glucose monitoring in eight newborn infants who were fed intravenously. The probe was placed on the skin, which was first stripped with cellophane tape to increase the skin permeability. The skin was stripped until the transepidermal water loss reached values greater than 80 gm/m2/hr. Dialysate concentrations were monitored for 165 minutes while the blood glucose concentrations were manipulated by changing the infusion rate of glucose. Blood glucose concentration was linearly related to the dialysate concentration. Because the dialysate/blood glucose ratio varied among the infants, the dialysate concentration was calibrated to estimated blood values with a single-point and a multiple-point calibration method. The latter method yielded more accurate estimates of the blood values. We conclude that transcutaneous microdialysis may be used for glucose monitoring in newborn infants.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1993

Factors controlling pancreatic islet neogenesis.

We have established a model in which cellophane wrapping induces reiteration of the normal ontogeny of beta-cell differentiation from ductal tissue. The secretion of insulin is physiologic and coordinated to the needs of the animal. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in hamsters can be 'cured' at least half the time. There appears to be activation of growth factor(s) within the pancreas acting in an autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine manner to induce ductal cell proliferation and differentiation into functioning beta-cells. Given the results of our studies to date, it does not seem premature to envisage new approaches to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Identification of the factor(s) which regulates islet cell proliferation and differentiation in our model may permit proto-undifferentiated cells and islets to be grown in culture. This concept could be extended to induce endocrine cell differentiation in vitro as well. Furthermore, islet cell growth factors could be used to provide 'trophic support' to islet transplants as a means of maintaining graft viability. There may also be greater scope for gene therapy when the growth factor(s) has been isolated, purified, sequenced and cloned.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Activity of topically applied methylprednisolone aceponate in relation to other topical glucocorticosteroids in healthy volunteers.

Topical glucocorticosteroids are useful in the treatment of various skin diseases. Although there are already many corticosteroids available, there is still need for highly potent and well tolerated ones. The anti-inflammatory activity of methylprednisolone aceponate (MPA, CAS 86401-95-8) has been investigated in 165 healthy volunteers of either sex. UV-B irradiation or cellophane tape stripping has served to produce erythema. First, the dose response relationship of MPA ointment (0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5%) has been evaluated. MPA effects have been related to those of the vehicle and difluocortolone 21-valerate 0.1% (DFV) ointment. Then the activity of 0.1% MPA (cream, ointment and fatty ointment) has been related to those of the respective vehicles as well as commercially available preparations of five corticosteroids: betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate 0.64% (BDP), betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% (BV), clobetasol 17-propionate 0.05% (CP), hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 0.1% (HCB), prednicarbate 0.25% (P). In each experiment, MPA activity significantly exceeded that of the respective vehicle (p < or = 0.05). MPA 0.01-0.5% ointment exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity, at least corresponding to that of 0.1% DFV ointment. A dose-dependent activity could only be observed in the UV-B-erythema test using 3 fold MED (minimal erythema doses) for irradiation, a test model differentiating strong corticosteroids. The comparison of 0.1% MPA formulations with respective reference preparations showed the following results: On stripped skin no significant differences could be detected which is demonstrated in the example of cream formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1995

Role of extracellular products in the pathogenicity of Vibrio strains on cultured gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata).

The enzymatic activities of extracellular products (ECP) from different pathogenic Vibrio strains and their virulence for fish (cultured gilt-head seabream, Sparus aurata L.) were tested. ECP were obtained by growing the bacteria on cellophane overlays. Cytotoxic effects of ECP on fish cell lines were rapid and strong, provoking mortality of fish after 24 to 72 h of the ECP inoculation. A close relationship between proteolytic activities (gelatinase and caseinase) of the ECP and the presence of lytic effects in the muscular tissue at the injection site was observed. Therefore, these activities may be considered responsible for the fish tissue damage.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Mexrenoate potassium: a steroidal aldosterone antagonist and antihypertensive.

Mexrenoate potassium (SC-26714) is a water soluble salt of a steroidal hydroxy acid which has been shown to antagonize the sodium-retaining effects of aldosterone at oral dosages of 1 mg/kg and about 1.8 mg/kg in the dog and rat, respectively. Dose-related natriuretic responses, indexed as a reversal (increases) in the aldosterone-depressed urinary log Na/K ratio, indicated that mexrenoate was between 2.1 (dog) and 4.5 (rat) times as potent as spironolactone. Based on sodium output, in intact rats, mexrenoate was essentially inactive as a diuretic with an estimated potency of less than 0.4% that of hydrochlorothiazide. Diuretic potency was not indicative of antihypertensive potency. In dogs with established hypertension (Page model with the remaining kidney decapsulated and cellophane wrapped) both mexrenoate and spironolactone exhibited equivalent antihypertensive responses. An optimum oral dose of either compound was 5 mg/kg/day. Initial and maximum antihypertensive responses were observed on the 2nd and 5th days of treatment, respectively. Recovery to pretreatment hypertensive levels was observed 72 hours later. Mexrenoate shares with spironolactone the pharmacological characteristics of an aldosterone antagonist.

Androstenols↗

PubMed1995

[Relationship between the rate of parasitic infection and the knowledge of prevention].

The relationship between the rate of parasitic infection and the level of knowledge of prevention was studied among 5479 persons allocated to 12 randomly selected groups. Stools were examined for parasitic infection by using Kato-Katz, iodine direct smear amd tube culturing methods. Children under 15 were examined for Enterobius infection by cellophane tape method. Individuals were considered infected when any parasite species was found in the stool and the infection rate was computed. The score on knowledge of prevention was measured by devising a questionnaire comprising 11 questions on parasitic disease transmission, clinical signs and prevention methods. Ten marks were given for each question correctly answered. The result of the investigation showed that the total infection rate was 52.2% and there was no significant difference between males and females (X2 = 1.94, P > 0.05). The infection rate increased with a decrease in the level of education and the highest was found in 5-year-old age group. There were altogether 7 species of parasites detected in all age groups. The infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 31.3%; Trichuris trichiura, 34.1%; hookworm, 5.3%; Enterobius vermicularis, 20.3%(227+1 117); Fasciolopsis buski, 0.8%; Entamoeba coli, 0.8%; Giardia lamblia, 0.2%. The average score on knowledge was 41.9, being significantly higher in males than in females. Analysis for the age distribution showed that the highest score was found in 15-year-old age group. The data of infection rate of different parasites were converted by arcsine transformation and compared with the average score, showing that there were negative relations between the average score and the infection rate of Trichuris, hookwork, Entamoeba and the total incidence. The value of r was --0. 5534, --9.5557, --0.6091 and --0.604. respectively. The number of parasite species infecting individuals was also found to have negative relation to the score on knowledge of prevention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Targeting of multiple emulsions to the lungs.

The conventional W/O/W emulsions are readily taken up by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) so that it is necessary to develop either stealth type or tissue specific multiple emulsion for effective targeting. A multiple emulsion system W/O/W containing rifampicin as encapsulant (W/O/W) was prepared. The droplet size was kept small to study targeting independent of passive embolism of larger droplets in the lung capillaries. It was characterised in vitro for drug release through a treated cellophane membrane. A prolonged first order drug release was observed. The W/O/W multiple emulsion system was coated with an o-palmitoyl derivative of mannan (mol.wt. 20,000) to assess its toxicity in vitro and its distribution behaviour in vivo. The multiple emulsion was found to be non toxic at 0.2 ml formulation/10(6) cells level in presence or absence of serum. An intravenous injection of the polysaccharide coated multiple emulsion was given and the tissue distribution of the drug after 1 h and 24 h was investigated. A significant enhancement in lung uptake and a decreased internalisation by spleen was noticed.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[A study of multiple factors related to Enterobius vermicularis infection among pre-school children in Ta-Liao district of Kaohsiung County].

In order to study the factors related to Enterobius vermicularis infection among pre-school children in Ta-Liao District of Kaohsiung County, a questionnaire was designed to interview parents of preschool children selected by random sampling from 7 kindergartens in Ta-Liao District. Enterobius infections in the children were then examined by using two-consecutive-day adhesive cellophane paper perianal swabs. The effective sample numbered 555 children. Variables causing the infection among infected and non-infected children were analyzed by chi-square test and point-biserial correlation. The results indicated that there were significant relationship between infection and the follow items: having snacks; sucking fingers; size of house; ways of cleaning house; place of activities; parent's cognizing that anus is the polluted source of eggs; recognition of the cause-and-effect relationship between eating in the bedroom and being reinfected with Enterobius; recognition of preventing reinfection of Enterobius by taking a shower; and educational background of father. Through logistic regression analysis with backward selection, the authors constructed a predicting model which can predict the infection rate of E. vermicularis among pre-school children according to the habit of having snacks, the habit of sucking fingers, size of house, parent's recognizing that taking a shower can prevent people from reinfection, and the educational background of father.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1996

Epiretinal membranes.

Epiretinal membranes are a common finding in older patients but are rare in young patients. Although they may be associated with other ocular conditions, most epiretinal membranes occur in the absence of ocular pathology. Patient symptoms range from asymptomatic to complaints of severe vision loss and metamorphopsia. Epiretinal membranes are commonly classified according to their density and contractile characteristics. In this review, cellophane maculopathy refers to thin, glistening membrane, surface wrinkling maculopathy is characterized by fine, superficial retinal folds and macular pucker is associated with a dense, grayish-white membrane causing a characteristic pattern of severe retinal distortion. With sufficient visual disturbance, epiretinal membranes may be treated by pars plana posterior vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane peeling.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1997

The hemodialysis membranes: a historical perspective, current state and future prospect.

Transport and biocompatibility characteristics are two important considerations when choosing hemodialysis membranes. Dialyzer performance depends on clearances of small solutes, middle molecules, and oncotically active proteins. Although complement and neutrophil activation have become the gold standards for biocompatibility testing of dialysis membranes, alterations of other cellular and noncellular blood elements as a result of blood-membrane interactions are also important. Because of concerns about middle molecule transport and biocompatibility, the original cellophane membrane has been gradually replaced by modified cellulosic membranes and synthetic membranes for clinical use. Recent studies suggest that the choice of dialysis membrane influences the clinical outcome of patients in several areas, including intradialytic acute anaphylactoid reactions, beta 2-microglobulin associated amyloidosis, recovery from acute renal failure, and mortality of chronic hemodialysis patients. However, the relative contributions of middle molecule transport, biocompatibility, and other factors in determining these differences in outcome are unclear. Future development of hemodialysis membranes should focus on improving biocompatibility and enhancing clearances of small solutes and middle molecules, while minimizing the loss of larger plasma proteins.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed1976

A new test for both neutrophil marrow reserves and intravascular survival.

Reinfusion of a patient's own blood through a hemodialysis coil causes neutrophilia, reaching a peak less than 1 hour after starting the blood reinfusion and returning to baseline count over the next few hours, resulting from a transient release of neutrophils from the bone marrow. This report gives data regarding the double clinical utility of so stimulating a patient's marrow. First, we found that the magnitude of this neutrophilia was a good measure of marrow neutrophil reserves, as determined by comparison with the marrow mature neutrophil cellularity. Second, the falloff from peak neutrophilia to baseline count was a good estimate of neutrophil intravascular survival, as determined by comparison with the standard, in vitro, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DF32P) survival procedure. Thus, this one test could detect abnormalities both of marrow neutrophil production (release) and of peripheral destruction. The coil test requires no radioactive isotope, utilizes commonly available equipment, is apparently harmless and acceptable to the patients, and can be greatly simplified by the development of a blood bag containing sterile cellophane. Even in its present form, it offers considerable clinical and economic advantages in the assessment of pathophysiology of neutropenia in individual patients.

Adult↗