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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

A new keyboard layout.

'QWERTY' is the nickname for the inefficient standard typewriter keyboard, also used for Telex and many computer input terminals, dating from 1874. The ergonomically-designed Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (DSK) has been available for over 35 years and there is increasing international interest in its introduction; but DSK does not take metrication into account. There is a clear need for international agreement on a new design up-dating DSK for metrication. Agreement is in the interests of both keyboard users and their employers. An Alpha-Metric Keyboard (AMK) is proposed and its design and advantages are described.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Design of mirror systems for commercial vehicles.

This paper describes a computer aided design project for the evaluation of alternative mirror systems for a range of commercial vehicles. Computer modelling of mirror systems introduces the ergonomics parameters into the design programme at an early stage. The flexibility of computer modelling allows a far greater range of designs to be evaluated. The problems can be studied and resolved before producing a series of mirror designs to be evaluated by more conventional techniques on prototype vehicles. Mirrors designed in this way are less likely to require major redesign. Compliance with the legislative requirements of mirror design was a major consideration. Attempts were also made to optimise mirror systems for a range of cabs basing the evaluations on ergonomic as well as legislative criteria. Additionally, consideration was given to the use of mirrors for viewing trailer swing, passenger exit surveillance (for public service vehicles) and the viewing of objects close to high cabs. SAMMIE (System for Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Evaluation), a computer-aided workplace and work task design system, was used to model the vehicles and to produce the required mirror views on a computer graphics terminal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Accurate control of contrast on microcomputer displays.

Off-the-shelf microcomputers can now display arbitrary 8-bit images, but accurate control of these images requires dealing with several undesirable properties of real digital to analog converters (DACs) and analog video monitors. The limitations of DACs and video monitors are presented in the form of a model for their calibration and use in vision experiments. Low contrasts can be accurately rendered by summing a small accurate a.c. signal and a large less-accurate d.c. signal (Watson et al., 1986; Behavior Research, Method, Instrument and Computers, 18, 587-594). Exploiting that idea, this note presents an easy-to-build passive resistor network, a video attenuator, that combines the outputs of three 8-bit DACs to render low contrasts with 12-bit accuracy at the display. Measurements confirm the 12-bit accuracy.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1991

A programmable digital video pattern generator controlled by microprocessor for basic research and clinical applications.

A programmable digital video pattern generator controlled by a microprocessor is described as a part of any commercial or specific visual evoked potential analysis system. The generator handles all kinds of patterns (uniform, orthogonal and radial) with all known presentation modes (onset, offset and reversal) and resolution 640 x 200 square pixels. The frame rate of the generator is adjusted to be compatible to either low cost 50 Hz video monitor or expensive ones of higher frame rate. The operation parameters defined by software are: pattern selection, trigger mode, field selection and stimulation rate. The development of software applications for special research demands is desirable because of the control of the generator by a microprocessor.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1996

A video-input device that displays high-luminance, high-resolution color images.

We describe the design and performance of a bright, full-color, video-input display monitor that can produce image luminances as high as 50,000 cd/m2 for images 15 x 10 deg in size. We have constructed this device by rearranging the components of a commercially available projection television. Our display device allows an experimenter to evaluate human visual responses to complex spectro-spatio-temporal patterns presented at naturally occurring light levels.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1996

A system for the accurate measurement of pointing responses.

We present an accurate, yet relatively inexpensive, system for measuring the direction of pointing responses. This system utilizes off-the-shelf business presentation components in a novel way to help detect and quantify the pointing measurements. The system configuration, measurement features, and procedures to enhance measurement accuracy are described.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1994

IS & C implementation of an image workstation.

The Image Save & Carry (IS & C) 5-inch magneto-optical disk system was introduced to a PACS image workstation so as to exchange digital image data between two independent PACS modules. The results showed that it was possible to connect two different PACS modules by off-line data transmission. Also, the IS & C standard software proved to be of high speed read/write performance for several data files on an image workstation. However, when the IS & C is implemented to the high resolution real-time digital radiography system, an image compression standard will be required to expand its capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hospital-wide PACS with a digital image intensifier TV system.

Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Hitachi Ltd., has used a hospital-wide PACS for over 1 year. The system runs a 100 Mb/s optical fiber network over the whole hospital including wards and outpatient clinic rooms, with 11 image workstations. The network links digital imaging modalities such as X-CT, MRI, computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) with a 2048 x 2048 (2k x 2k) matrix image intensifier television (I.I.-TV) system. These modalities generate about 200 images/day. The system has managed over 300,000 images of about 8000 patients so far. Although being still under improvement, the system has really been used for routine work. The hospital-wide PACS of a small hospital has been proved to be very useful for both image diagnosis and image management.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1991

Molecular modeling on the Commodore Amiga.

The Amiga 3000 is nearly ideal for desktop molecular modeling. It uses the Motorola 68030 32-bit processor, running at 16 or 25 MHz, with either the 68881 or 68882 math coprocessor and eight custom processing chips. The video system is NTSC compatible 15.75- or 31.5-KHz RGB analog or digital. The system video interface offers user selectable 320 x 200, 640 x 480, 768 x 480 or 1280 x 400 resolution with a displayable palette of 4,096 colors and interlaced, noninterlaced and overscan modes. NTSC compatibility permits simple and inexpensive video signal synchronization, so that composed monitor images can be displayed and recorded with standard video equipment. The processor, in conjunction with the custom video chips, can manipulate models mathematically at a sufficient rate to present moving or animated images in real time. Users can interact with the molecular image with mouse or joystick controls. A third-party manufacturer, Haitex Resources, has produced an inexpensive stereo image display interface for the Amiga. This stereo image display system consists of liquid crystal shutter goggles attached to a control module on one mouse/joystick port and synchronized at 60 Hz with alternating left/right screen displays. Several simple molecular graphics programs for the Amiga have been available in the public domain since 1988. The ease of video interfacing and the availability of stereo image display have stimulated several developers to begin assembling molecular modeling packages. At the National Biomedical Research Foundation the Amiga is being tested as an inexpensive stereo-image color graphics workstation for molecular modeling, biopolymer sequence analysis and medical imaging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1995

1994 Molecular Graphics Art Show and Video Show.

The 1994 Molecular Graphics Art Show and Video Show were presented at the 13th annual international meeting of the Molecular Graphics and Modelling Society. The art show--shown in the Mary & Leigh Block Gallery on the campus of Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois--included original artworks by eighteen artists and the video show included nine original animated works. All were chosen for their ability to present the complexity, diversity, and beauty of the molecular world in visual form. Works from a wide range of disciplines were represented, including work by scientists actively involved in structural research, by commercial illustrators presenting these results to students and physicians, and by fine artists exploring the meanings and implications of these molecules in our lives. Included in this issue of the Journal of Molecular Graphics are comments by the juror of the show, T.J. O'Donnell, a catalogue of the art show, and a catalogue of the video show.

Art↗
PubMed1995

Influences on sick building syndrome symptoms in three buildings.

Relationships between symptoms typical of sick building syndrome, musculoskeletal symptoms, and reported indoor environmental exposures, psychological state, work stress and interpersonal relationships at work, were investigated among 624 office workers in three buildings. Symptom prevalences were similar in the three buildings, and were slightly lower in the two buildings characterized by its inhabitants as 'sick' than in the one building not considered to be 'sick'. Women were more likely than were men to complain of most symptoms in all three buildings. Multiple regression showed psychological symptoms and sex to be significant independent predictors of symptoms. Reported odours, and uncomfortable humidity and temperature were also independently associated with symptoms. The study indicates that sex and psychological symptoms are important predictors of perceived building related illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Psychophysiological stress effects from the combination of night-shift work and noise.

The influence of night-shift work and noise on arousal and stress reactions have, to date, been investigated separately. The aim of this study was to compare their psychophysiological effects in combination. Twenty-four male student subjects continuously performed ten hours of visual display tasks per 24 h under highly controlled conditions for either five consecutive day or night shifts, followed by two days of rest. Each group worked in conditions of simulated traffic noise, at either 80 or 50 dB(A). Urinary catecholamines, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and ratings of mood and physical symptoms were recorded continuously or at specified intervals. Catecholamine excretion rates, autonomic reactions, reaction times, and ratings of subjective alertness showed changes typical for night-shift work. No main effects of noise were found, but significant interactions between the two experimental factors reflected differential actions of noise dependent on the type of shift. The results favor a multiple-arousal concept. Night-shift work primarily influences general arousal, while noise affects both general and goal-directed arousal, dependent on the presentation during day or night shift.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Working with new technologies: hormone excretion as an indicator for sustained arousal. A pilot study.

Effects of working with new technologies (visual display units) on hormone levels were investigated in a pilot study. The relationship between subjective strain and hormone levels was also assessed. Twenty subjects participated in the study reported here, which is a part of a comprehensive longitudinal study, in which 279 employees participated. Measurements were taken two months before the new technology was installed (baseline: work with conventional technology), during the implementation phase of the new technology, and at a 12-month interval. Fourteen complete data sets were analysed. The introduction of new technologies was accompanied by enhanced levels of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine). Levels also remained high one year after the implementation. Similar values were found on work days and rest days. Cortisol changes were less evident; excretion tended to increase after the implementation had been completed. The relationship was weak between hormone levels and subjective strain measurements. The results indicate that working with new technologies was accompanied by enhanced physiological arousal of the employee. Reactivity was related more to a particular occupational setting than to scales of subjective assessment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Design and performance of a high-resolution photoelectron microscope.

The design of a high-resolution photoelectron microscope (photoelectron emission microscope) is described. It is an oil-free ultrahigh-vacuum instrument utilizing electrostatic electron optics. New designs are presented for a specimen translator, cathode stage, aperture stop control, electrostatic hexapole stigmator, beam shutter, and camera system. These components could also be used in a low-energy electron microscope (LEEM). The theoretical resolution of this instrument is 5 nm for UV illumination near the photoemission threshold. The photoelectron microscope is now in operation at the University of Oregon, and it is achieving results within a factor of two of this design limit.

Computer Terminals↗