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PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a cross-cultural questionnaire to evaluate nonulcer dyspepsia: the Porto Alegre Dyspeptic Symptoms Questionnaire (PADYQ).

Despite its high prevalence, nonulcer dyspepsia is still difficult to study, due to the lack of adequate tools to measure significant outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a symptom-focused, disease-specific questionnaire to evaluate patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. For that, the questionnaire was carefully written following widely accepted terminology, so as to facilitate translation and validation in other languages and cultures. The questionnaire was developed using Rome I terminology for symptoms, which were evaluated according to their intensity, duration, and frequency when applicable. Thirty-one patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, as well as 31 sex-and age-matched volunteers without digestive problems were used to assess the internal consistency, reproducibility, responsiveness, content validity, and discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Another 31 functional dyspeptic patients were enrolled for assessment of criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the scores obtained 7 days apart was 0.86. The mean score obtained after 3 months of treatment was 16.4, vs. 23.03 at baseline (P = 0.001). Two blinded gastroenterologists agreed that the questionnaire adequately evaluated nonulcer dyspepsia. The median symptoms score for controls was 0, vs. 22.5 for dyspeptic patients (P = 0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between quality of life and dyspeptic symptoms (R = -0.28, P = 0.026). The proposed questionnaire has high degrees of both reproducibility and responsiveness. As this questionnaire was based on Rome I International Consensus terminology, it is expected that it will be easy to translate and validate.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Development of a teaching style inventory for tutor evaluation in problem-based learning.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a self-rating instrument to assess teaching styles among tutors in problem-based learning (PBL). METHODS: The development of the teaching style inventory (TSI) was based theoretically on four types of teaching behaviours: the assertive, suggestive, collaborative and facilitative styles, as proposed by Bibace et al. A 35-item questionnaire was generated and evaluated for content validity by a group of experienced tutors. The questionnaire was mailed to 196 tutors at the National Taiwan University College of Medicine. The results were submitted for item analysis, internal consistency testing and exploratory factor analysis. Longterm test-retest reliability was assessed by a sample of 50 tutors after a 6-month interval. RESULTS: Finally, 118 tutors returned the questionnaires. In the item reduction process, seven items were excluded due to low interscale correlation. Principle component factoring yielded a three-factor solution that accounted for 48.5% of the total variance. Internal consistency coefficients of the four hypothetical domains ranged from 0.73 to 0.83. All domains correlated to each other as expected. Assertive and facilitative styles, which are theoretically opposite teaching styles, showed a negative correlation with each other. Most of the items of each hypothetical domain correlated better with their own domain than with other domains. Longterm test-retest correlations of the four domains ranged from 0.54 to 0.81. CONCLUSION: The TSI demonstrated high internal consistency reliability, acceptable longterm test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Further psychometric testing should focus on applicability to other populations, predictive validity and short-term test-retest reliability. This instrument can be used by programme directors for the recruitment of tutors and can also be used to increase the self-awareness of tutors.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A valid and reliable tool to quantify stool output in tube-fed patients.

A major problem in determining whether diarrhea exists in tube-fed patients is the quantification of stool output. On the basis of this need a stool output assessment tool was developed and tested for validity and reliability. Interrater reliability and construct validity were determined by using staff nurses' and principal investigators' observations. Observers blindly rated the bowel movement (BM) on size and consistency and on whether the BM was thought to represent "diarrhea." Interrater reliability was found to be significant. Stool output scores were determined by using a 24-hour output form that assessed stool size, consistency, and frequency. Content validity was established as well as concurrent and construct validity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2006

A systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) is a disease-specific measure of self-reported symptom severity and functional status. It is frequently used in the reporting of outcomes from trials into interventions for carpal tunnel syndrome. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on the psychometric properties of the BCTQ to determine the level of evidence on the instrument's validity, reliability and responsiveness to date. METHODS: A search of the databases Medline, CINAHL, AMED and PsychInfo was conducted to retrieve studies which investigated one or more of the psychometric properties of the BCTQ. Data abstraction was undertaken by the first two authors. RESULTS: Ten studies were retrieved which met the inclusion criteria. One study evaluated face and content validity (43 patients) eight studies assessed construct validity (932 patients), four studies tested reliability (126 patients) and nine studies assessed responsiveness (986 patients). Interpretability was evaluated in one study and acceptability in eight studies (978 patients). CONCLUSION: The BCTQ is a standardised, patient-based outcome measure of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The evidence base of the psychometric properties indicates that the BCTQ is a valid, reliable, responsive and acceptable instrument and should be included as a primary outcome measures in future CTS trials.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗

PubMed2006

Preliminary validation of clinical remission criteria using the OMERACT filter for select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To begin the validation process of the preliminary criteria for inactive disease (ID), clinical remission on medication (CRM), and clinical remission off medication (CR) in children with select forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS: We used the OMERACT filter paradigm to estimate the validity of the criteria within each of the filter's 3 components: truth, discrimination, and feasibility, in 5 categories of JIA: systemic arthritis, persistent and extended oligoarthritis, and rheumatoid factor-positive and negative polyarthritis. Data sources for determining validity estimates included a Delphi questionnaire survey sent to 246 pediatric rheumatologists in 34 countries, a consensus conference attended by 20 senior pediatric rheumatologists representing 9 countries, a retrospective chart review of 437 patients with JIA from 3 tertiary care clinics who had been followed between 4 and 22 years, and the literature. RESULTS: Truth component: face and content validity. These aspects of validity were largely established via the Delphi questionnaire exercise and the consensus conference. Using an 80% consensus level, participants felt that a set of non-redundant variables could effectively differentiate the clinical states of ID, CRM, and CR. Criterion validity could not be irrefutably established because no gold standard for inactive disease exists for JIA. As an alternative, published investigations of remission in JIA were used to estimate concurrent and convergent validity, as surrogates for criterion validity and as indicators of overall construct validity. Correlational analyses revealed the new criteria to have good construct validity. Discrimination component: the criteria demonstrated moderate to high levels of classification, prognosis, and responsiveness (sensitivity to change) using data from the chart review. Patients who were able to attain CR remained disease-free for substantially longer periods than did those who attained only ID or CRM. Responsiveness was evidenced by the ability of the criteria to allow movement of most patients between the disease states, consistent with what is known of the course of the disease. Feasibility component: Results of the Delphi and consensus conference produced a set of criteria that are easily, quickly, and inexpensively completed in the physician's office, and present minimal or no risk to the patient. CONCLUSION: The preliminary criteria demonstrated moderate to excellent validity characteristics in some, but not all components of the OMERACT filter. Prospective validation studies are under way.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗

PubMed1994

[Social isolation in the psychiatric department].

In this article account is given of a validation study, according to the nursing diagnosis 'social isolation'. The label, definition and cluster of defining characteristics according to cluster of defining characteristics according to Townsend (1990) are the starting point, the related factors are left out of consideration. The validation mentioned above was carried out in accordance with the Delphi-method, that consisted of three Delphi rounds. A panel of experts was asked particularly to compile defining characteristics that are relevant for 'social isolation' and to indicate the critical defining characteristics. This procedure generated a cluster of seven defining characteristics for 'social isolation' of which the content validity turned out to be considerably increased with regard to the cluster formulated by Townsend. The distinction between critical defining characteristics and supporting defining characteristics was not clarified by this study.

Delphi Technique↗

PubMed2005

Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons subjective shoulder scale in patients with shoulder instability, rotator cuff disease, and glenohumeral arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Outcomes assessment after the treatment of shoulder disorders has involved the use of various condition-specific outcome instruments. The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons subjective shoulder scale in patients with shoulder instability, rotator cuff disease, and glenohumeral arthritis. METHODS: Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness to change were determined for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder scale within subsets of an overall study population of 455 patients with shoulder instability, 474 patients with rotator cuff disease, and 137 patients with glenohumeral arthritis. RESULTS: There was acceptable test-retest reliability for the overall American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder scale (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94) and ten of eleven domains. There was acceptable internal consistency for patients with instability (Cronbach alpha = 0.61), rotator cuff disease (0.64), and arthritis (0.62). There were acceptable floor and ceiling effects for patients with instability (0% and 1.3%, respectively), rotator cuff disease (0% for both), and arthritis (0% for both). There was acceptable and appropriate criterion validity, with significant correlations (p < 0.05) between the overall American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scale and the physical functioning, role-physical, and bodily pain domains of the Short Form-12 scale, and nonsignificant correlations (p > 0.05) with the role-emotional, mental health, vitality, and social function domains. There was acceptable construct validity, with all twenty-three hypotheses demonstrating significance (p < 0.05), and acceptable responsiveness to change for patients with instability (standardized response mean, 0.93), rotator cuff disease (1.16), and arthritis (1.11). CONCLUSIONS: The use of outcome instruments with psychometric properties that have been vigorously established is essential. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons subjective shoulder scale demonstrated overall acceptable psychometric performance for outcomes assessment in patients with shoulder instability, rotator cuff disease, and glenohumeral arthritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Patient satisfaction with outpatient physical therapy: instrument validation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patient satisfaction with physical therapy is used as an outcome variable. The purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument used to determine which variables are associated with the satisfaction of patients receiving outpatient physical therapy. SUBJECTS: During the pilot study, 191 patients participated, and 1,868 patients then participated in the main phase of this work. METHODS: Using a survey instrument developed by the authors, subjects responded to global questions concerning overall satisfaction with physical therapy. Content validation of the instrument was investigated using item correlation, principal components analysis, and factor analysis. Reliability was measured using the standard error of measurement. Concurrent validity was investigated by correlating summary scores of the final survey instrument with global measures of satisfaction. RESULTS: Reliability was best for a 10-item questionnaire. Patient satisfaction was most associated with items that reflected a high-quality interaction with the therapist (eg, time, adequate explanations and instructions to patients). Environmental factors such as clinic location, parking, time spent waiting for the therapist, and type of equipment used were not strongly correlated with overall satisfaction with care. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Because the time the therapist spent with patients and the behavior of the therapists are important for patient satisfaction, emphasis on cost-cutting, high patient volume, and the use of "care extenders" may jeopardize satisfaction.

Female↗

PubMed1986

A chart review of schizotypal personality disorders in children.

The objectives of this paper are to review the literature on the diagnostic validity of schizotypal personality disorders (SPD) in childhood and to present the results of a chart review of 20 DMS-III-defined SPD children. The literature on this disorder is relatively limited, and although there is some agreement on clinical presentation, various authors have used different diagnostic labels. The DSM-III criteria for SPD appear to have acceptable content validity, but whether these are the best criteria for identifying a disorder with a particular etiology and natural history has not been investigated. The chart review on 20 SPD children presents information on early history, family background, neurodevelopmental impairments, and the degree of overlap with other, better-established diagnoses. On the basis of the chart review, suggestions for further research on the diagnostic validity of SPD are made.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

An evaluation of psychometric properties of the client's questionnaire of the Wisconsin Quality of Life Index-Canadian version (CaW-QLI).

Psychometric properties of Client's questionnaire from the Canadian version of the Wisconsin Quality of Life-Index (CaW-QLI) were assessed with two groups, 89 English (E) and 94 French (F) individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Sub-samples of 40 E and 36 F were re-interviewed within a 2-week period. Spearman correlations-SC between each domain and CaW-QLI global Score ranged from 0.39 to 0.76, while interdomain correlations were low, confirming the multi-dimensional properties of the scale. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) were 0.78 (E) and 0.70 (F) for the CaW-QLI global scores and, from 0.45 to 0.88 among seven of eight domains. Test-retest (Concordance Correlation Coefficient--CCC) ranged from 0.36 to 0.80 among the domains, and from 0.80 (E) and 0.85 (F) between CaW-QLI global scores. Regarding convergent validity, SC between CaW-QLI global score and Spitzer's QOL-Index were 0.72 (E) and 0.58 (F). As hypothesized, there were higher correlations between CaW-QLI global scores (E and F) and SF-36 scales related to mental health than those related to physical health. Minor changes in the scoring are proposed to enhance face and content validity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Formal literature review of quality-of-life instruments used in end-stage renal disease.

Although quality-of-life assessment is an important complement to conventional clinical evaluation, there are limited opportunities for researchers in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to examine evidence for a range of quality-of-life measures. To better understand how quality of life has been conceptualized, measured, and evaluated for ESRD, we conducted a structured literature review. Eligible articles were identified from a MEDLINE search, expert input, and review of references from eligible articles. A standardized instrument was created for article review and included type of measure, instrument development process, study sample characteristics, quality-of-life domains, and reliability and validity testing. From 436 citations, 78 articles were eligible for final review, and of those, 47 articles contained evidence of reliability or validity testing. Within this set, there were 113 uses of 53 different instruments: 82% were generic and 18% were disease specific. Only 32% defined quality of life. The most frequently assessed domains were depression (41%), social functioning (32%), positive affect (30%), and role functioning (27%). Testing was completed for test-retest reliability (20%), interrater reliability (13%), internal consistency (22%), content validity (24%), construct validity (41%), criterion validity (55%), and responsiveness (59%). Few articles measuring quality of life in ESRD defined quality-of-life domains or adequately described instrument development and testing. Generic measures, such as the Sickness Impact Profile, and disease-specific measures, such as the Kidney Disease Questionnaire, had been tested more thoroughly than others. Standardized reporting and more rigorous testing could help researchers make informed choices about instruments that would best serve their own and their patients' needs.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

Validation of the self-administered Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1) system for use in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1), a self-administered quality-of-life questionnaire comprising 12 questions related to voiding problems and the perceived bother of each individual symptom. METHODS: Using published results from several comparisons of other symptom scoring systems with DAN-PSS-1, the test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct and content validity, and responsiveness of the DAN-PSS-1 system were assessed. RESULTS: The system was internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.73), the median test-retest reliability of answers to each question was 83.5% (range 0-99.7%) and the questionnaire was well understood by the patients. The DAN-PSS-1 system demonstrated a high degree of construct validity, correlating with the extensively used Madsen-Iversen score system (Spearman's correlation coefficient, rs = 0.51) and with the patients' answers to questions about how bothersome their symptoms were (rs = 0.71). The DAN-PSS-1 system discriminated clearly between patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and control subjects (an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94). Finally, the DAN-PSS-1 was sensitive to changes following intervention, with scores decreasing from a median of 20 to zero 4 months after patients underwent transurethral prostatectomy and from a median of 11.5 to 7.5 (65%) after patients had received 4 months treatment with an alpha-blocker. CONCLUSIONS: The DAN-PSS-1 system is reliable, valid and responsive, and therefore can be recommended for assessing the severity of symptoms among patients presenting with lower urinary tract complaints suggestive of BPH and in the follow-up after intervention.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1996

A new questionnaire assessing coping strategies in relatives of patients with schizophrenia: development and factor analysis.

This paper describes the development and validation of a questionnaire assessing the coping strategies adopted by relatives of patients with schizophrenia. The final version of the questionnaire includes 27 items, grouped into seven subscales (information, positive communication, social interests, coercion, avoidance, resignation and patient's social involvement), the intra-rater reliability of which ranges from 0.46 to 0.76. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which tests the content validity of the subscales, ranges from 0.68 to 0.83. Factor analysis identifies three factors (problem-oriented coping strategies, emotionally focused strategies, and maintenance of social interests in association with patient's avoidance), accounting for 70.9% of the total variance. This questionnaire may be particularly useful for targeting and monitoring psychoeducational interventions in the families of patients with schizophrenia.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2002

[Scales to measure parents and caretakers satisfaction with the food and nutrition component of Child care Centers].

Two Likert-type scales for measuring parents' and caretakers' level of satisfaction with the food and nutrition services offered at childcare multi-centers in a peri-urban community in Caracas, were developed and validated. An intentional sample of 20 parents and caretakers were interviewed within the naturalistic-constructivist perspective, to capture their perceptions of distinct aspects of the food and nutrition components of the program. Categories emerged from the interviews that served to construct the items for two scales that measure level of satisfaction of parents and caretakers with the food and nutrition aspects of the program. To validate the scales, they were applied to 73 parents and 32 caretakers. Factor and multiple components analysis showed that overall, the scales explained 61% and 69% of the variation in level of satisfaction of parents and caretakers respectively. Confiability measured with Alpha Cronbach coefficient was 0.74 and 0.77 for parents' and caretakers' scales respectively. These results reveal scales that have content validity and good reliability. Besides, the scales detect specific aspects of the food and nutrition service that should be reinforced or modified, to make the Child-care Centers program more effective and efficient. External validation of the scales is recommended, since they provide an instrument capable of capturing useful information for monitoring and evaluating the Child-care Centers program nation-wide, from the perspective of program managers and parents of program users.

Child↗

PubMed1994

[Development of a perceived social support scale: for a Japanese population].

Social support is increasingly attracting interest in as a factor in epidemiological research of disease risks. However, at present, few methods for measuring social support that can be credited as having reliability and validity exist in Japan. Therefore a perceived social support scale was developed in relation to a population study of a town in Fukuoka prefecture. A method for measuring functional support from several external sources was designed consisting of a self-administered test provided with only two available response options--yes & no. Pretests were conducted twice in order to evaluate content validity and adjust the number of determinants and resulted in spouse, family members, and friends being selected to be primary sources of support. A factor analysis was applied to select 10 conditions with high internal consistency for each of the sources. Responses were scored 0 or 1, for 'no' or 'yes,' respectively. Subsequently each set of 10 variables was summed into an index ranking social support conditions for each of the three sources. The three highest ranking indicators from each of the respective sources were then integrated into a single comprehensive total social support score of the individuals. The inquiry method was applied on 277 adults, aged from 40 to 69 years, in the town. Intercorrelation between the indicators of support derived from the three sources was low and coefficients of reliability ranged from 0.892 to 0.978. The score of each set of the 10 variables were incorporated into a principal components analysis in order to determine factorial validity. All of the first factor loadings of the items measuring support from both spouse and family were greater than 0.7 and high eigenvalues were obtained. Therefore the methods applied to spouse and family were considered adequate to measure a given construct. The items measuring support from friends were divided into two factors, emotional support and tangible support.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

A self-care assessment tool (SCAT) for persons with a spinal cord injury: an expanded abstract.

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid tool that assesses the cognitive and functional skills needed for self-care in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The Self-Care Assessment Tool (SCAT) assesses cognitive and functional skills in eight self-care areas: bathing/grooming, nutritional management, medications, mobility/transfers/safety, skin management, bladder management, bowel management and dressing. The tool was carefully developed and has demonstrated content validity. Using two samples of veterans seen in the SCI clinics of two Southern Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, n = 13 and n = 15, interrater reliabilities computed by Pearson product moment correlations for the cognitive, functional and total scores ranged from .69 to .94. Test-retest reliabilities using Pearson product moment correlations for the cognitive, functional and total scores of two groups (n = 14 and n = 15) ranged from -.06 to .86. Regarding predictive validity, R2 was found to be .61 to .90 for the cognitive, functional and total scores. Although continued reliability and validity studies are needed, the SCAT has potential to measure patient rehabilitation outcomes, to evaluate nursing care approaches and to serve as a quality assurance indicator for nursing care.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Validation of the Investigator's Assessment Questionnaire, a new clinical tool for relative assessment of response to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

The success of long-term therapy in schizophrenia is contingent upon real-world effectiveness or improvements in several domains, including efficacy, safety and tolerability. This report describes the Investigator's Assessment Questionnaire (IAQ), a new 10-item instrument designed to assess relative effectiveness (efficacy, safety and tolerability) of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. To measure content validity, 300 psychiatrists rated the importance of the IAQ items. Efficacy (i.e., positive and negative symptoms) was considered most important, but importance scores relative to the mean ranged only from 0.87 to 1.18, suggesting similar importance of the items. Cronbach's coefficient alpha values showed that the items were internally consistent. Factor analyses indicated that all IAQ items belong to a single domain. Data from the US Broad Effectiveness Trial of Aripiprazole were used for construct validation. Total IAQ score correlated significantly with time to treatment discontinuation (r=-0.50), Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) score (r=0.76) and medication preference of patients (r=0.71) or caregivers (r=0.70). A one-unit decrease in IAQ score corresponded to an additional 1.35 days in the study and a decrease in CGI-I of 0.21 units. These results provide initial validation of the IAQ as a tool for evaluating antipsychotic response in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Validity and reliability of Swedish WOMAC osteoarthritis index: a self-administered disease-specific questionnaire (WOMAC) versus generic instruments (SF-36 and NHP).

We assessed whether a disease-specific, self-administered questionnaire could replace a generic instrument as an outcome tool after total hip replacement, and tested the validity and reliability of the Swedish WOMAC osteoarthritis index. 58 patients operated on with total hip arthroplasty 2-10 years ago were randomized to the study. All patients were asked to answer one disease-specific questionnaire (WOMAC osteoarthritis index) and two generic instruments (NUP and SF-36) in the same week. The procedure was repeated after 4 weeks. We tested content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability according to total score, domains and items. We found that both the generic instruments (NHP and SF-36) and the disease-specific test (WOMAC) had a high validity, i.e., measuring what they were supposed to measure (high validity). The questionnaires were also reproducible over time (high reliability). We suggest the Swedish WOMAC to be used after total hip arthroplasty in future studies.

Aged↗