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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of infection-control practices by orthodontists in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-infection control procedures used by Turkish orthodontists. A questionnaire was mailed to 268 orthodontists to determine the attitude toward infection-control procedures. Responses were received from 194 orthodontists, and the reply data were analyzed. Of the 194 orthodontists who completed and returned the questionnaire, 77.3% had been vaccinated for hepatitis B, and 24.2% always wear a mask when treating their patients. While 48.5% of the respondent orthodontists always wear gloves, 4.1% never wear gloves.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Protective eyewear for young athletes.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Ophthalmology strongly recommend protective eyewear for all participants in sports in which there is risk of eye injury. Protective eyewear should be mandatory for athletes who are functionally 1-eyed and for athletes whose ophthalmologists recommend eye protection after eye surgery or trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Skin cancer prevention: children's health education on protection from sun exposure and assessment of its efficiency.

The aim of the study was to assess schoolchildren's knowledge on sun exposure, the peculiarities of behavior in the sun, and the possibility of altering these indicators via education program. The study of the efficiency of the self-designed educational program "Let's know the sun better" included 213 fifth grade pupils (113 boys and 100 girls) from Kaunas city schools; the pupils were differentiated into two groups: the experimental (n=106) and the control (n=107) groups. The method employed was anonymous questionnaire-based inquiry. The data of the inquiry applied before the application of the educational programs showed that schoolchildren's behavior in the sun is careless: 40.4% of the studied schoolchildren experienced severe sunburns; 54.0% of children spend three and more hours on the beaches, most frequently between 11 am and 3 pm. Not all schoolchildren use sun protection measures. Most frequently they only have bathing suits (70.0%), baseball caps (56.8%), and sunglasses (57.7%). Out of the studied schoolchildren 18.8% use sunscreen, but only 7.3% of them know how to use it properly. The second inquiry was performed after the schoolchildren were able to apply the recommendations of the educational program "Let's know the sun better" in practice during the summer. The data of this inquiry showed that the knowledge, attitudes, and the peculiarities of behavior in the sun in the experimental group were better compared to the control group. Significantly more schoolchildren in the experimental group (44.1%), compared to the control group (8.5%), used sunscreens properly (p<0.05) and knew which sunscreen is the most suitable (respectively, 42.3% and 20.6%; p<0.05); in addition to that, the children in the experimental group more frequently wore long-sleeved shirts on the beaches (21.0% and 7.5%, respectively; p<0.05), wide-brimmed sunbonnets (37.1% and 10.4%; p<0.05), and sunglasses (61.9% and 44.3%; p<0.05). The findings of the study proved both the necessity and the efficiency of the prepared educational program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sports-related traumatic hyphema.

Traumatic hyphema is a common sports-related eye injury that can cause permanent visual loss. Although referral to an ophthalmologist is advised, the primary care physician is often responsible for making the diagnosis and initiating medical care. A careful history should be taken and a physical examination performed, with attention given to possible accompanying ocular injuries. Proper positioning of the patient and placement of a unilateral eye shield are the first steps in management. Therapy is aimed at preventing secondary hemorrhage, elevated intraocular pressure and corneal blood staining. Surgical intervention may be necessary to preserve vision. Prognosis depends on the size of the hyphema, the development of complications and the presence of associated injuries. Protective eye guards have been shown to be very effective in preventing traumatic hyphema.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Speed and accuracy of head- and eye-based aiming systems at high vertical acceleration.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of using a head tracker in a fast jet to aim weapons and control sensor direction have been amply demonstrated, but head direction is difficult to control at high G. An experiment was conducted to assess whether aiming using the eye, rather than the head, might be advantageous. METHODS: A centrifuge provided sustained accelerations of up to 8 Gz. Participating aircrew were asked to point at static targets using head- or eye-aiming, maintain the acquisition while the target was lit, and then transfer to the next target as quickly as possible. A helmet-mounted scene camera recorded the subject's view of the target board. A laser mounted by the scene camera was used for head-aiming and to determine head direction. The eye tracker camera and illuminator were also helmet-mounted. The eye and scene images were recorded and analyzed off-line. RESULTS: Eye-aiming acquisition times and accuracy were affected only slightly by Gz; however, both head-aiming speed and accuracy deteriorated as Gz increased. Eye-aiming was substantially faster than head-aiming at all Gz levels, but head-aiming was more accurate under these experimental conditions. Subjective ratings supported the objective data. A majority of subjects preferred eye to head as an aiming mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Eye-aiming was faster and easier to use than head-aiming at all Gz levels, and particularly at high Gz.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2004

The eyes have it.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Management of corneal abrasions.

Corneal abrasions result from cutting, scratching, or abrading the thin, protective, clear coat of the exposed anterior portion of the ocular epithelium. These injuries cause pain, tearing, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and a gritty feeling. Symptoms can be worsened by exposure to light, blinking, and rubbing the injured surface against the inside of the eyelid. Visualizing the cornea under cobalt-blue filtered light after the application of fluorescein can confirm the diagnosis. Most corneal abrasions heal in 24 to 72 hours and rarely progress to corneal erosion or infection. Although eye patching traditionally has been recommended in the treatment of corneal abrasions, multiple well-designed studies show that patching does not help and may hinder healing. Topical mydriatics also are not beneficial. Initial treatment should be symptomatic, consisting of foreign body removal and analgesia with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or oral analgesics; topical antibiotics also may be used. Corneal abrasions can be avoided through the use of protective eyewear.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1992

Eye hazards for outside workers.

Working outside can present its own set of unique health hazards. Hazel Montague looks at ways in which eyes can be protected from external damage.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

[Use of preventive strategies by surgeons and HIV exposure].

The objective of this study was to estimate how often surgeons use surgical gowns, masks, gloves and eyewear in the context of occupational exposure to HIV. The authors also wanted to determine what factors were associated with the use of these strategies. Generally surgeons reported infrequent use of preventive strategies. Regular use of double gloving was reported only by 8.5% of respondents, eye protection by 23%. About three-quarters of surgeons reported they always used masks and gowns, 86%--single gloves. Doctors who used eye protection regularly had less blood contacts via conjunctiva per year than surgeons who used such protection seldom or never (mean = 17.6 SD 52.2 vs mean = 21.5 SD 73.6; p<0.003). The older surgeons were more likely than the other respondents to use preventive strategies (p<0.01). Also, the orthopaedic surgeons more than the others adopted such strategies (p<0.0007). To improve the situation, efforts will need to be done to motivate the surgeons to adopt preventive strategies through adequate education system. Improving the comfort of barrier precautions and making them available may also increase the compliance with protection against HIV in the operation room.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Can work-related eye injuries be avoided?].

BACKGROUND: The eyes are among the organs most frequently hurt in occupational injuries. The characteristics of eye injuries were studied in order to suggest preventive measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analyses were performed on work-related eye injuries reported to the Norwegian Injury Surveillance System from a selection of emergency centres during the period 1990-2002, and on injuries reported by employers to the National Insurance Administration 1998-2001. RESULTS: The occurrence of injuries was stable over the period. Men sustained 94.4% of the injuries registered in injury surveillance system. The highest incidence was among those 20 to 24 years of age. Metal cutters and tools for polishing were involved in 25.7% of cases. Analyses of the injuries reported to the National Insurance Administration showed an odds ratio of 8.8 (95% CI 7.6-10.1) for injuries to workers in metal industry, 18.8 (95% CI 17.0-20.8) in automotive industry, and only 0.5 (95% CI 0.1-3.4) in oil refineries. Workers in oil refineries have a potentially hazardous work environment, but there, eye protection is mandatory. INTERPRETATION: There was no decline in the incidence of work-related eye injuries from 1990 to 2002. Workers in metal industry have a high risk of injuries and employers should consider requiring the use of eye protection.

Adolescent↗