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Results for “FORAMEN”

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PubMed1991

[Sudden onset of systemic hypoxia associated with both tricuspid regurgitation and persistent foramen ovale: a case report].

A 33-year-old female who had undergone closure of VSD 20 years before, was hospitalized for sudden onset of dyspnea without history of febrile or traumatic disorder. On admission, she had cyanotic lips and nailbeds but no clubbed finger. Chest x-ray film showed neither lung congestion nor cardiomegaly. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed deep hypoxia (PaO2 = 49.6 mmHg). Echocardiogram clarified massive tricuspid regurgitation (TR) due to chordal rupture of anterior leaflet, small VSD jet stream through the membranous aneurysm and a great deal of R-L shunt on the atrial level through a persistent foramen ovale. Cardiac catheterization data confirmed 35% of R-L shunt. At operation, a torn chordal tendon of anterior leaflet and an adhered septal leaflet to aneurysm of membranous portion of ventricular septum were seen. There were two pledgets, used at the first surgery, at the base of the aneurysm and a couple of tiny holes (VSDs) above and below the pledgets were recognized. Following resection of anterior and posterior leaflet, plication of septal leaflet and closure of VSD, a Xenograft valve (Carpentier-Edwards 29-M) was implanted. Then persistent foramen ovale, 20 x 20 mm in large, was closed directly. Her postoperative course was excellent with disappearance of cyanosis, normalized oxygen saturation in arterial blood and improved activity without dyspnea.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Retromolar foramen: a mandibular variant important to dentistry.

The retromolar foramen (RMF) was found to occur in eighteen of 234 adult human mandibles studied (7.7%). No statistically significant difference was found between left and right sides or between sexes. A statistical correlation was made between the occurrence of the RMF and accessory mandibular foramina, accessory mental foramina, mandibular third molars, and three-rooted mandibular first molars. Only the accessory mandibular foramen showed a significant positive correlation with RMF regarding same-side occurrence. Three-rooted first molars were not found in any of the mandibles studied. Due to the relatively frequent occurrence of RMF, it is important for the dental practitioner to be aware of this variant and the possible complications which may occur during the administration of anesthesia and surgical procedures in the region.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Incidence of double mental foramen in a sample of Greek population].

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of the double mental foramen in a sample of Greek population. Four hundred sixty four dry human mandibles were studied two hundred thirty referred to men and two hundred thirty four to women. Double mental foramen were found in 6.68% per cent of the cases (6.95% women and 6.41% in men). There was no statistical significance between sex and this kind of entity.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cecal hernia through Winslow's foramen. Radiographic study of a case and review of the literature].

A case of herniation of the cecum through the foramen of Winslow is reported in a 49-year-old man, admitted for acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis, suspected by abdominal plain films, and established by water-soluble enema, was confirmed by emergency surgical management. Herniation through Winslow's foramen represents the least common variety of internal hernias. Only 136 observations were previously reported, the cecum being involved in 25-30% of cases. Radiological diagnosis was made in only one patient out of ten. Although rare in occurrence, it carries a high mortality risk when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. A better appreciation of the classic radiological features will allow for earlier recognition and treatment. Therefore, the authors emphasize the interest of radiologic findings in this condition.

Cecal Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gradient recalled echo MR imaging of the jugular foramen.

Axial T1-weighted spin-echo MR images have not proved to be effective in identifying normal structures in the jugular foramen. By correlating cryomicrotomic sections and axial T1-weighted gradient recalled echo images, we identified the neural and vascular contents of the jugular foramen. Further work with gradient recalled echo images is needed to determine the signal characteristics of jugular foraminal lesions.

Glomus Jugulare Tumor↗

PubMed1988

Microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen region.

The popularization of skull base approaches for lesions at the jugular foramen requires a thorough understanding of the normal anatomic features of this region. We present a series of color photographs with a review of the vital structures at the skull base in the region of the jugular foramen exposed via the infratemporal fossa approach. The jugular bulb and its relationship to the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial nerves and to the internal carotid artery and otic capsule are demonstrated. All relationships are described in the lateral surgical position. The clinical usefulness of a thorough understanding of these anatomic associations is discussed.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗

PubMed1987

[Left-to-right shunt via the foramen ovale in the early neonatal period: evaluation by Doppler color flow mapping].

Serial two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography was performed in 22 normal neonates (2-9 hours after birth). A left-to-right shunt through the foramen ovale and a shunt through the ductus arteriosus were evaluated. Interatrial shunts were observed as transseptal jets in 16 of 22 neonates on initial examination and resolved nine to 26 hours after birth in 13 neonates. In the remaining three neonates the shunts were observed more than six days and resolved by two months of age. Shunts through the ductus arteriosus were observed in all neonates examined as diastolic or continuous flows toward the transducer in the main pulmonary artery at the initial examination. The ductal flow resolved simultaneously with (3/13) or after (10/13) the disappearance of interatrial flow. With two-dimensional echocardiography, the enlarged left atrium and rightward deviation of the interatrial septum were observed in the neonates with interatrial shunts. This was confirmed by the immobile septum primum and the increased ratio of the left atrial to aortic diameters (LA/Ao ratio) on the M-mode echo. The interatrial septum became mobile and the LA/Ao ratio decreased after disappearance of the interatrial shunts. It was speculated that in neonates with large ductal shunts, large pulmonary venous flow enters into the less compliant left ventricle and raises the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Then, increased left atrial pressure distends the interatrial septum and causes left-to-right interatrial shunts via the stretched foramen ovale. This shunt is considered one of the physiological phenomena occurring in the early neonatal period.

Ductus Arteriosus↗

PubMed1987

[Tricuspid endocarditis with right-left auricular shunt through a patent foramen ovale].

The authors report the case of a tricuspid endocarditis secondary to Streptococcus bovis with important regurgitation and severe hypoxemia secondary to a right-left atrial shunt through a patent foramen ovale, requiring a surgical treatment which included the replacement of the tricuspid valve and closure of the dehiscence in the inter-atrial septum. The presence of a patent foramen ovale in the course of a tricuspid endocarditis has been exceptionally reported. This diagnosis deserves to be evoked in case of an unexplained hypoxic condition or a systemic embolism complicating a tricuspid endocarditis. The report emphasizes the advantage of ultrasonic examinations (contrast sonocardiography, pulsated Doppler) in order to demonstrate this right-left atrial shunt in addition to the data collected about the tricuspid valve.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Hernia through the foramen of Winslow: a complication of cholecystectomy. A case report.

In 151 years since first described, there have been 112 reported cases of hernia through the foramen of Winslow (HFW). All thus far have described HFW as a primary entity. The case reported appears to be unique with HFW as a surgical complication. HFW is the least common of internal hernias. The primary symptom is pain referred from the herniated organ and the hepatoduodenal ligament. An interesting sign is that the patient is found curled up or stooped over for pain relief. Anatomic factors implicated in HFW are an enlarged epiploic foramen, a floppy cecum and ascending colon, or abnormal length of small bowel mesentery. Tension on these structures causes pain with the torso extended. Distention of bowel in the lesser sac mimics gastric obstruction. Organs herniated are: small bowel (63%); cecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum (30%); and transverse colon (7%). Of 25 cases reported since 1966, cecal herniation comprised two-thirds. The diagnosis may be made radiologically and the treatment is surgical. The case and a review of the literature are presented with attention to the anatomy. Also provided are the signs and symptoms of this interesting and perplexing diagnosis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cross over ileo-popliteal bypass through the obturator foramen: an additional route for extra-anatomic limb blood supply.

Complications and morbidity associated with vascular graft infections continue to be a major clinical problem. Ischemia and gangrene are consequences of limb circulation failure, especially in extra-anatomic, occluded and infected bypass prostheses. Infection of the tissue bed of such prostheses should be prevented. When it occurs, the use of the contralateral obturator foramen represents an alternative route in cases in which it is impossible to use the ipsilateral vessels. Prosthetic crossover reconstruction through the obturator foramen may be considered a safe and effective solution for patients with a limb threatening infection of the extra-anatomic graft and a damaged blood supply.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Atresia of the foramen of Monro resulting in severe unilateral hydrocephalus with subfalcial herniation and infratentorial diverticulum.

A case of severe unilateral hydrocephalus associated with ventricular diverticulum and subfalcial herniation secondary to likely atresia of the foramen of Monro is presented. Both atresia of the foramen of Monro and ventricular diverticulum are rare conditions in hydrocephalus. The case presented here is the third reported case with both unique entities.

Cerebellar Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of the jugular foramen.

The jugular foramen in normal volunteers was studied with 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) systems in 3-mm-thick head- and surface-coil images. Anatomic sections through cadaver heads were correlated with the MR images to identify the jugular bulb and the course of cranial nerves IX-XI. Sagittal images were more useful than coronal or axial to show the course of these nerves through the skull base. MR demonstrates the anatomic relations of the jugular foramen (except its osseous margins) such that its primary use in evaluating this region can be anticipated.

Accessory Nerve↗

PubMed1985

The number and location of the parietal foramen in human skulls.

The number and location of the parietal foramen were examined in 100 skulls of brazilian whites, negroes and mulattoes. The authors observed its presence or absence, the lateral differences, the bilateral symmetry, the existence of a median or multiple foramina and the perforation of one or both tables. The parietal foramen was more frequent in the right side than in the left, but the difference was statistically not significant.

Brazil↗

PubMed1979

Premature closure of the foramen ovale as a cause of intrauterine fetal ascites.

Fluid collections are readily evaluated by ultrasound. Intrauterine fetal ascites is a rare abnormality particularly suited to evaluation by ultrasound. Premature closure in utero of the foramen ovale is an unusual cause of fetal ascites. This report illustrates and discusses premature foramen ovale closure causing intrauterine fetal ascites.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Nerve fiber caliber analysis in the mouse facial trunk distal to the stylomastoid foramen with the electron microscope.

Nerve fiber counts and caliber analysis were performed with the electron microscope on 5 facial trunks distal to the stylomastoid foramen from 3 mice. On an average, about 89% of the total nerve fibers (3,205) were myelinated and about 11% unmyelinated. Majority (80.5%) of the myelin sheaths of the myelinated fibers in the nerves were 2.0-4.5 microns and majority (86.4%) of their axons were 1.0-3.0 micron in minor diameter. Their frequency distributions were similar in pattern to that of the large fiber zone of the motor root of the mouse facial nerve. Majority (86%) of the unmyelinated fibers in the facial trunk distal to the stylomastoid foramen were 0.1-0.5 micron in minor diameter. Its frequency distribution showed that the unmyelinated fibers of the facial trunk tend to be rather smaller than that of the other nerves examined in the previous studies. Ratios of the circumferential length of the myelinated fibers to that of the circles with the same areas ranged from 1.00 to 1.98, with 1.02-1.10 being most frequent (72%). Ratios of the axons of the myelinated fibers ranged from 1.00 to 2.54, with 1.04-1.14 being most frequent (51.8%). Ratios of the unmyelinated fibers ranged from 1.00-1.18 (84%), and those which over 1.20 were rare.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Lumbar disk hernia through the intervertebral foramen. Apropos of 37 surgically treated hernia].

37 lumbar discal herniations situated in the intervertebral foramen were operated on, out of a total of 525 operations for lumbar discal herniations during the same period, that is to say 7%. Perhaps the habitual negativity of the contrast neuroradiologic investigations (saccoradiculography, discography, phlebography) explains its relative rareness. In the futur, the scanner, always positif in our cases, will perhaps enable us to appreciate its exact frequency. The radicular pain may be simple in the territory of a root emerging at the upper discal level, which explains the difficulty of diagnosis. It may also interest two roots, including in that case, the root emerging at the discal herniation level. The great frequency of L4-L5 herniations explains the high number of crural pains by compression of the L4 root. Finally, crural pain, in our series of all the lumbar herniations operated on, seems to be linked to a herniation of the upper discs (L3-L4, L2-L3 : 18 cases) as often as to a herniation of the intervertebral foramen of L4-L5 (17 cases).

Humans↗

PubMed1984

[Case report of tumors in the area of the foramen magnum].

This case study describes a spindle cell glioblastoma of the medulla oblongata (foramen magnum region) in a decreased patient aged 35 years. At the beginning of the illness which lasted about 7 months, the symptoms were quite uncharacteristic, and major neurological failure accompanied by tetraparesis and bulbar symptoms appeared only during the terminal phase, which was of several weeks duration. The specific clinical and diagnostic features of tumours at the magnum foramen, which account for only about 1% of all tumours of the CNS, and the difficulties they entail are described.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Anatomic study of the nutrient foramen in the shaft of the fibula.

The location of the nutrient foramen is important if a free vascularized fibular graft is to include endosteal as well as periosteal blood supply. More than 300 human fibulae were examined to determine the number, location, and size of the foramina in the shaft. Six percent of the bones had no apparent foramen. Ninety-six percent of the foramina were in the middle third of the fibula. In Caucasians this segment of the shaft should be used for free vascularized fibular transfers to increase the likelihood of including the endosteal blood supply.

Fibula↗