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At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

[Intragastric provocation and antigen-induced in vitro histamine liberation by the food additive E 102].

Adverse reactions to tartrazine have been known since 1958. The mechanism of this reaction, a not IgE-mediated, anaphylactoid reaction, is not fully understood. The demonstration of this adverse reaction by provocative challenge feeding may be problematic by a score of subjective symptoms because of the placebo effect. This report deals with the intragastral provocation under endoscopic control with tartrazine and tartrazine-induced histamine release in vitro from gastric mucosa and from blood. Two patients with anamnestically suspected adverse reactions to tartrazine were studied. Correspondence of in vivo and in vitro testing with tartrazine could be demonstrated.

Azo Compounds↗

PubMed1996

[A study of lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic gastritis during administration of a food additive monosodium glutamate].

The levels of diene conjugates (DC) and TBA-reactive substances (TBA-RS) were studied in serum blood of patients with gastritis before and after including in diet of monosodium glutamate (MSG). For investigation 15 patients were selected who had unacid or subacid signs determined by histamine test. It was shown that levels of DC and TBA-RS were increased in serum of patients. MSG increased the gastric secretion in patients but had no effect of levels of DC and TBA-RS in serum.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Admixtures of antibiotic substances in enzyme preparations of microbial origin intended for use as food additives].

A group of enzymtic preparations, mainly of the Soviet make were investigated for the presence of antibiotic substances admixtures. Altogether 25 preparations obtained from molds, actinomycetes, bacteria and yeast were studied. The results showed that 18 preparations contained antibiotic substances in an amount of 0.6-1300 U, equivalent to oxytetracycline units per 1 g. Most often antibiotics were present in preparations of the pectinase and protease group. In the group of glucoamylase the antibiotic activity was uncovered in a single preparation. Procedures employed in determining the antibiotic activity of enzymatic preparations is described and the possible role of antibiotics in the manifestations of their toxic properties discussed.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2001

[Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing food additives on erythrocyte enzyme activities and on hemoglobin affinity to oxygen in highly and low trained volleyball players during physical exertion].

It has been determined that in erythrocytes of high-qualified and low-qualified sportsmen-volleyboll after use of biopreparation "Polien", contained polyunsaturated fatty acids, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway reactions are intensified and glutathione reductase activity are decreased. At the same time the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen in stabilized in organism of sportsmen before and after intensive muscle work. It has been shown, that specific and nonspecific changes of biochemical indexes are realized in organism of sportsmen with different qualification under intensive muscle work.

Erythrocytes↗

PubMed1976

[Analysis of polysaccharides used as food additives iv. Gaschromatographic identification and determination of neutral components in polysaccharide-hydrolysates (author's transl)].

The monosaccharides, which are obtained by hydrolytic cleavage of the polysaccharid containing stabilisators, can be separated gaschromatographically by the way of their aldonitrilacetates. After hydrolysis, the mixtures are neutralized by an anion exchanger, evaporated to dryness, converted in pyridin with hydroxylamin to the aldoximes and hereafter with acetic anhydride to the aldonitrilacetates. Dissolved in chloroform, these compounds are used for gaschromatographic separations; only one peak is obtained for each sugar. This is a great advantage to the previous methods, where the anomeric constellations lead up of five peaks for one sugar compound and for complicated sugar mixture, it therefore was difficult to evaluate their gaschromatograms.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed1982

Immunological changes after long-term feeding of germfree piglets with protein isolates and yeast cell walls from Candida utilis as food additives.

Germfree piglets were fed a diet supplemented with cell walls and a protein isolate from Candida utilis for 54 days. Besides morphological signs of activation of the lymphoid tissue which occurred primarily in the intestine of piglets which had been fed yeast cell walls, even an increased serum immunoglobulin level could be detected. In sera and intestinal content of piglets fed both with cell walls and isolated protein, specific antibodies capable of agglutinating yeasts were present. Even though a limited number of experimental animals was employed it can be concluded that the yeast material added to the diet elicited an immune response.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Hydrocolloid food additives and rat caecal microbial enzyme activities.

Agar, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, guar gum, gum acacia, locust-beam gum or pectin (50 g/kg diet), given to weanling rats for 4 wk, increased the weight of the caecal wall and the caecal contents. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum or pectin significantly increased, and feeding carrageenan decreased, the total bacterial population of the caecum. Feeding carboxymethylcellulose significantly increased in vitro activity of bacterial azoreductase, beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and urease. Guar gum, gum acacia and locust-bean gum each increased at least three of these activities. In contrast, feeding carrageenan greatly decreased all microbial enzyme activities, while agar decreased beta-glucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities.

Agar↗

PubMed1982

Enteral absorption and biotransformation of the food additive octyl gallate in the rat.

Following oral administration of 14C-labelled octyl gallate in a single dose of 15 mg/kg to female rats, only 20-30% of the radioactivity administered was detected in the tissues, while 60-80% of the dose was found in the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract up to 12 hr after administration. Isotope dilution analysis demonstrated the presence of the unchanged ester in the tissues. In the liver, the highest concentration of the ester demonstrated was 1.6 micrograms/g. in a rat killed 10 min after treatment. In the 24 hr following ip administration of labelled octyl gallate, about 91% of the administered radioactivity was recovered. Most of this was in the form of metabolites, only 9% being accounted for as unchanged ester.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Mutagenic effects of AF-2, a food additive, on embryonic cells of the Syrian golden hamster on transplacental application.

Hamster embryos were treated with AF-2 in vivo (in the mother) by transplacental application. Their cells were then isolated, cultured in normal medium for 48 h, and then selected in media containing various concentrations of 8AG or 6TG. This treatment with AF-2 caused marked dose-dependent induction of 8AG- or 6TG-resistant mutants. Direct administration of AF-2 and MNNG to embryonic hamster cells also produced 8AG- and 6TG-resistant colonies. This new method is concluded to be very useful for detection of environmental mutagens and carcinogens when combined with the in vivo-in vitro combination assay of chemical carcinogenesis (transformation test).

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1975

Reactions to aspirin and food additives in patients with chronic urticaria, including the physical urticarias.

In 131 patients with chronic urticaria, including physical urticarias, oral provocation tests were done with aspirin. A total of thirty-one patients showed a reaction on aspirin challenge. Reactions were seen in 35% of patients with idiopathic urticaria, 52% of patients with cholinergic urticaria, and 43% of those with pressure urticaria. The patients with reactions to aspirin were also tested with tartrazine, sodium benzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium- and phenyl salicylate and the analgesics indomethacin, paracetamol and mefanamic acid. In nineteen of twenty three aspirin sensitive patients, positive reactions to one or more of these substances were observed. Indomethacin and tartrazine had the highest scores. There was no statistically significant correlation between aspirin reactions and the presence of nasal polyposis, sinusitis, asthma or atopy.

Aspirin↗

PubMed2004

Molecular design of multifunctional food additives: antioxidative antifungal agents.

A series of alkyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates (protocatechuates) was synthesized, and their fungicidal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was assayed using a 2-fold serial broth dilution method. Nonyl and octyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate were noted to be the most effective against this yeast with the minimum fungicidal concentration of 12.5 microg/mL each. The activity was found to correlate with the hydrophobic alkyl chain length. The time-kill curve study showed that nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate was fungicidal against S. cerevisiae at any growth stage and this activity was not influenced by pH values. The fungicidal activity of alkyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates was noted in combination with their ability to disrupt the native membrane-associated function nonspecifically as surface-active agents (surfactants) and to inhibit the respiratory electron transport. However, the primary fungicidal activity of nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate likely comes from its ability to act as a surfactant.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed1999

Potentiation of paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents by the food additive vanillin.

The potential of vanillin to potentiate the paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated in rats. Vanillin when given alone (15 mg/kg, orally), did not modify liver function in rats as the values of serum enzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransaminases (AST and ALT) were found similar to those in the normal animals. However, when given repeatedly before the administration of the subtoxic dose of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) or CCl4 (1 ml/kg), vanillin caused liver damage, as manifested by the significant increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzymes. When tested for its possible interaction with pentobarbital (75 mg/kg, i.p.) and strychnine (0.9 mg/kg, i.p.), it caused reduction in pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice as well as preventing the animals against the lethal effect of strychnine, suggestive of an induction of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. These results indicate that vanillin potentiates the hepatotoxic potential of paracetamol and CCl4 in rats probably through an enzyme induction process.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1998

[Treatment of irritable colon with the food additive Appital].

Appital is a herbal medicine. The aim was to examine its effect in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Other diseases were excluded by physical examination, rectoscopy, blood tests and in patients older than 35 years X-ray of the colon or colonoscopy. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The patients were randomized to either Appital or placebo. Following two weeks without medicine, the patient had Appital or placebo for eight weeks. Fifty-nine patients were randomized, 47 completed the study. The results were based on symptom scores registered by the patients. The symptom score was significantly reduced in patients treated with Appital (p = 0.002), but when compared to placebo, the difference was insignificant (p = 0.081). We concluded that Appital has no effect in relieving symptoms of IBS compared to placebo, although due to the possibility of type two error we cannot exclude a small, but hardly clinically relevant effect.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Drugs, food additives and natural products as promoters in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis.

The promoting effects of various chemicals on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were studied. Male Fischer 344 rats were given BBN at 0.01% or 0.05% in their drinking-water for four weeks. One of the following chemicals was then administered in the diet for 32 or 34 weeks: acetazolamide, allopurinol, phenobarbital, phenacetin, ortho-phenylphenol, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, diphenyl, sodium L-ascorbate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, sodium saccharin, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, stevioside, DL-tryptophan, quercetin, caffeine, nicotine and hippuric acid. Phenacetin, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, sodium L-ascorbate and butylated hydroxyanisole were significant promoters of urinary bladder neoplasia in rats initiated with BBN. Sodium saccharin, diphenyl, butylated hydroxytoluene, allopurinol, and DL-tryptophan caused moderate or slight promotion of neoplastic changes in the experimental animals. No change in tumour yield was observed after administration of the other chemicals.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Food additive lactic acid production by immobilized cells of Lactobacillus brevis on delignified cellulosic material.

Improvements in yield and productivity in lactic acid fermentation by Lactobaccilus brevis cells immobilized on delignified cellulosic (DC) material are reported. The system proved to be more efficient in comparison with the work reported by other workers. Yields of 80 and 100% conversion using glucose were obtained at 30 degrees C in 1 day of fermentation time. Lactic acid fermentation using whey as substrate was obtained at 30 degrees C in 1-1.5 days, resulting in 70% yield, whereas the remaining lactose in whey was converted to alcohol byproduct, leading to a 90% lactose exploitation and 100% conversion. Cell immobilization of L. brevis on DC material was proved by its reuses in repeated batch fermentations and through electron microscopy. A series of 10 repeated batch fermentations without any loss in cell activity showed a tendency for high operational stability. The presence of DC material resulted in a drastic drop of the fermentation time from 48 to 13 h.

Cellulose↗

PubMed1976

Food additives and hyperkinesis: a controlled double-blind experiment.

A double-blind crossover trial involving a control diet and a diet eliminating artificial flavors, colors, and natural salicylates as recommended by Feingold was conducted on 15 hyperkinetic children. Teachers and parents observed the children for one month prior to treatment, using standardized rating scales. Both parents and teachers reported fewer hyperkinetic symptoms on the K-P diet as compared to the pretreatment baseline. The teachers noted a highly significant reduction of symptoms on the K-P diet as compared to the control diet but the parents did not. The control diet ratings did not differ from the baseline period ratings for either parents or teachers. It is concluded that the K-P diet may reduce hyperkinetic symptoms, though this result is put forth with caution in view of several features inherent in the present study which need further evaluation, including objective measures of change, manipulation of the independent variable, and reducing the independent variable to more specific components.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of fat-soluble vitamins in human blood serum during the use of food additives with vitamin E and carotene of plant origin].

Vitamin E, A and carotene levels in blood serum of human that were affected by the definite irradiation doses accepting the admixtures of vitamin E and carotene preparations were estimated. The consuming of vitamin E increases vitamin E and A content in blood serum. While obtaining carotene significant increase of vitamin E and carotene content is observed, but it does not influence to vitamin A content. Simultaneous application of both preparations leads to vitamin E level growth being similar to persons, receiving only vitamin E; in this case the vitamin A and carotene content is increasing more actively and produces as early as in the month the carotene accumulation in blood serum. Along side with this the vitamin A content increases only in 3 month, and vitamin E practically does not change. Among estimated persons 45 years older revealed content of vitamin E increase in 3 month of both application of preparation. Application of vitamin E and carotene preparations have expressive positive change of fat-soluble vitamin status in blood serum.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Assessment of immunobiological effects induced by chemicals, drugs or food additives. I. Tier testing and screening approach.

The indications of immunologic dysfunction following low level exposure of rodents or even man to certain chemicals and drugs have raised concern regarding methodology and approaches for routine assessment of immunobiological effects. The immunogiological effect observed may either indicate impaired immunopotentiation or hypersensitization. The assays selected for testing should be relevant to the human experience and adaptable to certain practical considerations such as cost, reproducibility of data, ease of performance and application to routine toxicology studies. Using these considerations, a tier approach was proposed consisting of assays for screening for immunologic effects (Tier I) and assays to help define the mechanisms responsible for the immunobiological effects observed (Tier II). A tier of assays was also proposed for measuring the sensitization potential of certain compounds. Certain assays from the screening tier were assembled into a hypothetical and practical test battery to screen for immunological effects of a chemical with potential immunosuppressive properties. Information provided by this test battery should provide a reasonable and sensitive data base from which a standard of evaluation could be made regarding the safety of the test (1) compound.

Animals↗