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Voluntarism and health education in nursing.

The concept of voluntarism, as it applies to models of health education, underpins the nursing care of people who are chronically confused and their relatives. This article argues that voluntarism needs to be balanced by the notion of collectivism which takes full account of the contribution made by sociopolitical determinants of health. The central concepts of voluntarism and health education are defined and then the article proceeds to examine the extent to which voluntarism has underpinned various models of health education which can be used to support nursing practice. A critique of the concept of voluntarism, as used in health education, is provided. It is argued that models of health education which are polarized towards either voluntarism or collectivism are based on an inadequate understanding of human social action and that this polarization undermines the usefulness of these models of health education.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1992

[Behavior therapy as a new procedure in health education--recommendation for introducing behavior science into personal health services].

Recent efforts to integrate biomedical and behavioral science perspectives and techniques have revealed the creativity and efficacy of behavioral health approaches to health enhancement and disease prevention. There are expectations that behavioral medicine and behavioral health will be significant in approaches toward changing life style, improving patient's compliance with medical advice, and in rehabilitation. Three examples of actual practice of behavioral procedures in a public health center are studied-behavior therapies for obesity and hypercholesterolemia, and prompting of patient clinic utilization behavior by a letter of introduction. The importance of proper selection of target problems, staff training is emphasized. In conclusion, it is recommended that behavioral science and its techniques of assessment and treatment are incorporated into public health activities, especially in the field of health education.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1978

Developing service-based teaching in health education for medical students.

In the expanding concern about the social-behavioral aspects of health care in medical education, health education has opportunities for making itself an important part of basic medical training. The need is to actually define a physician's appropriate educational tasks and competencies as a basis for curriculum development in health education which would ideally be integrated into the whole educational program. This case study presents efforts to develop an educational service component at a rural health center which, connected to a major teaching hospital, serves as a learning base for medical students. Through trial and student feedback a program has been developed which includes patient counseling, evaluative home visits, group education sessions, exit interviews, medication counseling, community needs assessment and educational consultation with local school teachers. With this program as a foundation, the goal is to integrate health education learning throughout the rest of the medical curriculum.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed2002

The training gap: an acute crisis in behavioral health education.

Changes in health care have outpaced changes in the educational programs offered to the behavioral health workforce. The result is a training gap that leaves graduate students, working professionals, and other direct care providers inadequately prepared for practice in the current health care environment. This article is based on a keynote address delivered at the Annapolis Conference on Behavioral Health Workforce Education and Training. Major changes in health care are reviewed, followed by a description of the training gap as an acute crisis that impedes the delivery of effective and efficient mental health and addiction services. The author describes a national initiative to narrow the training gap and he calls for collective action by the varied groups and organizations that have a stake in this agenda.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Health education--Hong Kong's experience.

The HKSAR Department of Health is the Government's health adviser and agency to execute health care policies and statutory functions. It safeguards the health of the community through promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services. The Department invests in health promotion activities and discharges its functions through three designated units, namely the Central Health Education Unit, Oral Health Education Unit and the Red Ribbon Centre for AIDS education, as well as through client contacts at primary and specialised health care centres. The Department is set to enhance its health information base, advocate for intersectoral collaboration and community participation in health, and engage in wider research and evaluation of health promotion interventions.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2001

Participation of primary school teachers in oral health education in Rungwe District, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Tanzanian primary school teachers have long been utilised as oral health educators but little is known about their level of participation. OBJECTIVES: To asses the participation of primary school teachers as general and oral health educators. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, using structured self-administered questionnaires. SETTING: Rural and urban Primary Schools in Rungwe District, Mbeya Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS: Primary school teachers from 15 rural and 4 urban schools. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Provision of oral health education. RESULTS: Teachers with primary education, who are teaching in lower grades were significantly more active in providing general and oral health education (OHE) than those with secondary education and who teach pupils in higher grades. CONCLUSION: Oral health education seems to be given mainly to primary school pupils in lower grades; teachers involved in oral health education provision were mainly female juniors in the profession and relatively young by age (below 40 years old). RECOMMENDATION: There is a need for influencing teachers of pupils in higher grades and males to be involved in oral health education programmes throughout their teaching profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

District nurses' perceptions of health education.

This paper presents a small qualitative study examining district nurses' perceptions of health education in one community trust. District nurses perceive health education to be an important part of the role. There are various factors that both facilitate and constrain the district nurses' health education role. District nurses feel that it is essential that their health education role is valued by other health care professionals; therefore evaluation of this function is seen as significant.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Health education curricula in residential schools for the deaf.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which comprehensive (K-12) school health education was required. Permission to modify survey questions from the American School Health Association and the National School Board Association was obtained. As part of a larger study, ten items of the questionnaire were used to identify the status of health education in residential schools for the deaf. The questionnaire was mailed to institutions listed in a Reference Issue of the American Annals of the Deaf. Twenty-five institutions responded and results were tabulated using descriptive statistics. Twenty-two (88%) of the responding schools indicated a comprehensive health instruction program was in place, with 60% of respondents had specified time requirement for health instruction. The majority of responding institutions reported that teachers responsible for teaching the health curriculum to the deaf were not required to be certified in health education. Health education certification for educators of the deaf would assist in upgrading the quality of health education in residential schools for the deaf.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1976

The role of the clinical health educator.

A combination of forces favor the expansion of health education efforts in hospitals. This article describes four areas of health education in clinical settings: the justification for a health educator in this setting; his preparation; his role as a member of the health care team; and the extended role of the educator in the community, with voluntary and official agencies, and with families of patients.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1995

Human behavior, health education and schistosomiasis control: a review.

This paper examines the role of human behavior in schistosomiasis transmission and control in relation to health education. The literature is reviewed to identify relevant behaviors and to examine progress and constraints in health education, using the primary health care approach. The behavior model by Dunn and the PRECEDE health education model by Green and coworkers are adapted for health education in schistosomiasis control. Because of its focus on the role of individual and community vs outside factors, deliberate vs non-deliberate behavior and health-enhancing and health-maintaining vs health-lowering behavior, Dunn's model can evaluate social, economic, cultural and political factors in schistosomiasis transmission and control that must be considered in health education. The PRECEDE model represents a suitable diagnostic tool for health education planning, intervention and evaluation.

Health Behavior↗
PubMed1980

[National Research Program 1A: course and overview of the health education campaign at Nyon].

The health education program in Nyon takes places in the framework of the Swiss National Research Program on primary prevention of cardio-vascular diseases. After a brief discussion of the main components of the whole program, the detailed starting procedure and the on-going activities are described. The main objectives of the campaign were defined by a Scientific Committee. Locally, proper structures were set up so that they could develop preventive actions by their own. Each main existing activity and the implied means are listed in extensive tables. They deal with the following topics: physical activity, alimentary habits, tobacco consumption, stress/relaxation and blood pressure. The necessary conditions for reproducing and for extending such an experimental model are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Health administrators and health education: some mixed feelings.

It is no secret that many health administrators still consider systematic or professional health education as a discipline towards which one has to pay a certain lip service, but which in its most common interpretation (i.e. imparting knowledge) has no formal place in the health services. Yet with the growing dissatisfaction of the public with the quality of health care and the growing costs incurred in the different parts of the health services, especially the hospital sector, the authorities could certainly use a skilled group of people, trained both in the health and medical fields and in pedagogic techniques, who would serve as a bridge between health services on the one side, and the population, and especially the politicians, on the other. In parts of the world where ignorance, superstition and harmful traditions still prevail, there is no doubt that health educators are of the utmost importance. In the more or highly developed parts of the world, where consumer participation in daily work and decision-making is becoming more and more common and more and more difficult, there is an urgent need for education of the public and politicians, and also of the medical profession in "community health" as different from "individual health". This is by far the most difficult task, and will require special training, both in background knoweledge and in techniques to reach the population. These considerations serve to reinforce the pressing demand of the World Health Organization for the "professionalization of health education activities without regard to the educational background of the agents who carry out the activity" -- an area where the International Union for Health Education has also an important responsibility.

Community Participation↗