PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Impulsive Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The ecology of child treatment. A developmental/educational approach to the therapeutic milieu.

Many residential and day treatment programs for troubled children have experienced only limited success because of their inability to impact the child's total life sphere: family, peer group, school, and neighborhood. This has prompted the present move to deinstitutionalize children's mental health services--a movement which is sound in its underlying purpose, but which sometimes falls prey to the notion that merely altering the location of treatment from the ward or institution to the community setting will dramatically alter its results. It will not. This paper begins with the assumption that the focus of child treatment is as important as the locus and attempts to identify the critical elements in a therapeutic community-based program for the troubled child and his parents.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of violence risk in hospitalized adolescents.

Forty adolescent inpatients with histories of frequent interpersonal violent behavior were compared with 36 hospitalized adolescents without histories of overt violence using self-report questionnaires that measured violence risk, depression, impulsivity, and suicide risk. The two groups did not differ in terms of their demographic characteristics, but the violent patients had a higher prevalence of substance abuse and borderline personality disorder diagnoses. Violent adolescents were more impulsive and at higher suicide risk than nonviolent adolescents. In addition, violent adolescents had more positive histories of suicide attempts and had significantly higher family histories of attempted and completed suicide. In the total sample of adolescents, violence risk was significantly correlated with impulsivity and suicide risk, but not with depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

A formal cognitive model of the go/no-go discrimination task: evaluation and implications.

This article proposes and tests a formal cognitive model for the go/no-go discrimination task. In this task, the performer chooses whether to respond to stimuli and receives rewards for responding to certain stimuli and punishments for responding to others. Three cognitive models were evaluated on the basis of data from a longitudinal study involving 400 adolescents. The results show that a cue-dependent model presupposing that participants can differentiate between cues was the most accurate and parsimonious. This model has 3 parameters denoting the relative impact of rewards and punishments on evaluations, the rate that contingent payoffs are learned, and the consistency between learning and responding. Commission errors were associated with increased attention to rewards; omission errors were associated with increased attention to punishments. Both error types were associated with low choice consistency. The parameters were also shown to have external validity: Attention to rewards was associated with externalizing behavior problems on the Achenbach scale, and choice consistency was associated with low Welsh anxiety. The present model can thus potentially improve the sensitivity of the task to differences between clinical populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Inattentiveness, parental smoking and adolescent smoking initiation.

AIMS: To examine how adolescents' inattentive behaviour, together with parental smoking patterns, predicts smoking initiation by age 14. DESIGN, SETTINGS: A prospective, longitudinal study: baseline at ages 11-12, follow-up at age 14. A population-based sample of Finnish twins, born 1983-1987, with parents and classroom teachers as additional informants. Two groups were formed, allocating the co-twins of each family into separate groups: the study sample and a replication sample. PARTICIPANTS: Twin individuals (n = 4552), aged 11-12 at baseline and 14 (average 14.04 years) at follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, inattentiveness was assessed with the Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory (MPNI, Teacher Form) and parental smoking with individual questionnaires completed by each twins' parents; at the age 14 follow-up, adolescent smoking was assessed with a self-report questionnaire. FINDINGS: At age 14, 57% reported never having smoked, 34% had experimented with cigarettes and 9% were current smokers. Inattentiveness and parental smoking additively predicted both experimental and current smoking in adolescence. The effects were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: The risk related to inattentiveness itself is high, but in combination with the effects of parental smoking, the probability of current smoking can rise as high as 38%, compared with 5% without these two risk factors. For prevention purposes, parental commitment to non-smoking should be emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Phenytoin treatment of the binge-eating syndrome.

Nineteen subjects completed a 12-week double-blind crossover study comparing phenytoin with placebo in the treatment of severe binge eating. In the placebophenytoin sequence the number of binges decreased during phenytoin treatment from both placebo and pretreatment levels. However, in the phenytoin-placebo sequence, not only did phenytoin reduce the number of binges from pretreatment levels, but there was no reversal of this effect during the placebo period. This sequential effect was unexpected and is still unexplained. The mechanism of phenytoin action and the significance of EEG abnormalities found in 7 of the subjects remain uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral implications of lowering cholesterol levels: a double-blind pilot study.

The treatment of hypercholesterolemia may be associated with greater noncardiac mortality. This current pilot study sought to determine which behaviors, if any, are associated with decreases in cholesterol level. Twelve subjects received one of two cholesterol-reducing drugs or placebo. Cholesterol and behavioral ratings were measured at baseline, 4, and 52 weeks with standardized scales. Cholesterol levels markedly declined with concomitant significant increases in impulsivity ratings at 4 weeks. At 52 weeks, the increase in impulsivity ratings was no longer apparent, but depression ratings showed a significant improvement. This pilot study, although limited in size, raises the possibility that cholesterol-lowering drugs are associated with mild, time-limited increases in impulsivity and with mild, time-delayed improvements in depression ratings.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Chronic phencyclidine abuse and physical assault.

When the authors investigated aggressive behavior on a phencyclidine (PCP) detoxification and rehabilitation unit and compared similar types of behavior on a heroin unit, they found no differences between the two units. The urinary PCP levels of a subgroup of 75 patients admitted to the PCP unit who had PCP-positive urine were significantly higher than those of 75 patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward because of violent behavior who also had PCP-positive urine. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and the need for more information on the relationship between PCP levels in blood and urine and behavior.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological etiology in cardiovascular disorders. Basic findings and new trends.

Five theories advocate the existence of psychogenic factors in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. The first of these theories involves a behavioral pattern. Pattern A is predictive of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The second of these theories implies three personality patterns: IRA (Impulsiveness, Repression, Aggressiveness), HHD (Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, Depression) and SAD (Stress, Anxiety, Depression). IRA discriminates significantly people with cardiovascular diseases from healthy subjects. IRA-like patterns account for some 60% of the variance. HHD discriminates to some degree people who show thrombopenia as a reaction to stress. Cardiovascular patients stereotype their defenses and seem to cluster in two subamples: 66% of them repress their aggressiveness and 34% use opposite defense mechanisms. SAD is a reliable predictor; stressful events constitute a risk factor, mainly in anxious or depressed and hostile subjects.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

Cognitive-behavioral therapies for hyperactive children: premises, problems, and prospects.

The impetus for the widespread use of CBT for children with attention deficit disorder (hyperactivity) is examined, followed by an evaluation of various facets of treatment efficacy. The many "unknowns" concerning treatment ingredients, targets of change, domain specificity, individual differences, palatability, and treatment-emergent side effects are then reviewed. The final section focuses on future directions, specifying some reasons for optimism despite the disappointing outcomes to date. Nontraditional uses of CBT are also proposed, including the implementation of cognitive strategies to counteract undesirable emanative effects of extant treatments and to facilitate drug discontinuance in children taking psychoactive medication.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1996

Preoperative preparation in children: a cross-sectional study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral preparation program on reducing anxiety in children and their parents prior to elective surgery. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A children's hospital. PATIENTS: 143 children undergoing outpatient surgery, and their parents. INTERVENTIONS: A behavioral preoperative preparation program. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Overall anxiety in children and their parents did not differ significantly between the group that received the preoperative program and the group that did not (p = NS). Children older than 6 years were least anxious on separation from their parents if they participated in the preparation program more than 5 to 7 days prior to surgery, moderately anxious if they did not receive preparation, and most anxious if they received the preparation 1 day prior to surgery (P = 0.04). Multivariable regression analysis (for overall model, F = 2.14, p = 0.02) revealed that although the preparation program itself was not a predictor of a child's behavior on separation to the operating room, the interaction between child's age and timing of the program (p = 0.003), and child's previous hospitalization were predictors of children's anxiety response. Similarly, in the preoperative holding area, independent predictors of anxiety included timing of the preparation program, age of child, and the child's baseline temperament characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the complexities in assuming that a behavior-based preoperative preparation program is effective for all pediatric outpatients. The effects of such an intervention vary with the child's age, the timing of the intervention, and a history of previous hospitalization.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2006

Understanding runaway teens.

PROBLEM: Large numbers of teenagers become "runaways" and put themselves at risk for physical and emotional harm. During the year 2002, an estimated 1.6 million U.S. youth aged 12 to 17 had run away from home and slept on the streets. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory method was used to study a sample of primarily ethnic minority youth found in a Midwestern inner city detention center. This study examined run behavior from the teenager's own perspective to identify why they ran, how they kept themselves safe, and what factors contributed to ending a run. FINDINGS: Teens ran to gain control of their lives by changing their situation. They developed new affiliations to meet safety and sustenance needs and learned from experience that one cannot run from your problems. With experience, running became habitual. CONCLUSIONS: Safer alternatives are needed for youth who cannot live at home.

Adolescent↗