SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Institutionalization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

Screening for disruptive behavior of institutionalized juvenile offenders.

Case records of 70 male adjudicated juvenile offenders were used to examine the utility of various demographic, intelligence, and personality variables in identifying youths likely to display disruptive/violent behavior while institutionalized. Stepwise discriminant function analyses revealed that variable combinations from the Psychological Screening Inventory and Shipley -Hartford Scale were generally the most effective in identifying disruptive youths, while Jesness Inventory Subscales added little to the classification process. Implications for the use of screening measures in identifying potentially disruptive youths at admission are discussed.

Acting Out↗

PubMed2000

[The proposal of the activities of daily living (ADL) index for institutionalized older adults].

The purpose of this study was to propose the ADL index constructed with a unidimensional scale based on item difficulty for institutionalized older adults. Six hundreds and three subjects (159 males and 444 females) were divided into the following four groups based on assisting devices for movement: G1 did not use assisting devices for movement; G2 used a stick or a walker; G3 used a wheelchair; G4 could not move. As the results of examinations from the points of the approximation of proportions, non-answer rates and agreement rates of each item according to 74 ADL items representing 9 ADL domains, the 27 ADL items were selected as utility items. The reliability and unidimensionality of the ADL index consisting of 27 items were considered to be high. As the results of examining the difficulty of items and ADL ability characteristics of each group, the ADL concerning movement and other lower limb activity in G1 and G2, and concerning changes of posture and manual activity in G3 and G4 were considered to reflect the individual differences of ADL ability, respectively. The numbers of ADL items which should first be assessed in each group were as follows: 20 items in G1; 21 items in G2; 21 items in G3; 11 items in G4.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

A diffusion of innovations approach to gerontological curriculum enrichment: institutionalizing and sustaining curricula change.

This article describes a gerontological enrichment model for institutionalizing and sustaining curricular change utilizing Rogers' (1995, 2003) diffusion of innovations approach to organizational change. The goal of the project, funded by the John A. Hartford Foundation, is to transform the social work curriculum at a major state university so that age and intergenerational connections are important organizing principles in the diversity emphasis of the program. Components of the model include: (1) increasing faculty competence; (2) infusing gerontological/ geriatric competencies into all foundation courses; (3) community partner involvement; (4) intergenerational service-learning; (5) developing field and practicum sites; and (6) evaluation. Implications for gerontological/ geriatric education are discussed.

Community Participation↗

PubMed1989

The use of texture modified diets among the institutionalized elderly.

Directors of nursing in long term health care institutions were surveyed to investigate the use of texture modified diets and feeding practices among the institutionalized elderly. The role of the nursing staff in deciding and recommending the use of texture modified diets in the responding facilities is revealed. Respondents selected reasons for using either texture modified or pureed diets from a list of descriptions of physiological need, behavioral feeding problems and feeding convenience. Correlations between the use of texture modification of diet and feeding dependence are made. A comparison of the extent of use of pureed diets and the reasons for use were reexamined after responding institutions were grouped according to various demographic features and certain feeding practices.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Nutritional intake in both free-living and institutionalized older adults with xerostomia.

A common problem in the institutionalized as well as the free-living elderly is inadequate nutrition. This problem will continue in significance as the population continues to age. Previous studies have indicated a variety of nutritional deficiencies in the diets of older adults. Chronic degenerative diseases and usage of multiple pharmacologic agents are also prevalent in the geriatric population and confound this complex problem. A common observation among the many contributing factors to the problem of relative or absolute malnutrition in seniors is that many individuals exhibit the sign/symptom of xerostomia (dry mouth). Recent studies indicate that nearly one in five older adults exhibit xerostomia. Xerostomia increases the difficulty of these older adults in obtaining the proper nutrition. Problems in lubricating, masticating, tolerating, tasting and swallowing food contribute significantly to the complex physiological and psychological manifestations of aging. To this date the literature fails to demonstrate an association between xerostomia and malnutrition in the elderly.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Pederasty among primitives: institutionalized initiation and cultic prostitution.

For several reasons it is difficult to find examples of pederastic practices in historical and ethnological sources. Besides the social taboo, these practices have always been mixed up with other forms of sexual contact. However, existing material shows pederastic practices in primitive societies as initiation rituals for male youth. Several examples of institutionalized pederasty, especially from the area of Papua-New Guinea and Melanesia are described. These practices, with a clear societal function, are part of a distinct outlook on life and only superficially resemble the man-boy relationships we can observe today. In other parts of the world, pederastic practices were forms of prostitution. Taking place in a religious context, it was also a different form of prostitution than the one we commonly know. Both forms of man-boy involvement attempt to attain assimilation through physical contact. In these practices sexuality serves purposes other than sexual satisfaction and procreation.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Proposal to institutionalize criteria and quality standards for cervical cancer screening within a health care system.

The uterine cervix is the most common cancer site for females. Approximately 52,000 new cases occur annually in Latin America, thus the need to improve efficiency and effectiveness of Cervical Cancer Screening Programs (CCSP) is mandatory to decrease the unnecessary suffering women must bear. This paper is addressing essential issues to revamp the CCSP as proposed by the Mexican official norm. A general framework for institutionalizing CCSP is outlined. Furthermore, strategies to strengthen CCSP performance through managerial strategies and quality assurance activities are described. The focus is on the following activities: 1) improving coverage; 2) implementing smear-taking quality control; 3) improving quality in interpretation of Pap test; 4) guaranteeing treatment for women for whom abnormalities are detected; 5) improving follow-up; 6) development of quality control measures and 7) development of monitoring and epidemiological surveillance information systems. Changes within the screening on cervical cancer may be advocated as new technologies present themselves and shortcomings in the existing program appear. It is crucial that these changes should be measured through careful evaluation in order to tally up potential benefits.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Relationship between type of treatment and degree of wound healing among institutionalized geriatric patients with stage II pressure ulcers.

The prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers has always been of paramount concern to geriatric health care providers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two types of treatments and the degree of wound healing among status post-cerebral vascular accident (CVA) institutionalized geriatric patients with stage II pressure ulcers. Wound dressings were evaluated according to the National Pressure Advisory Panels Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (NPUAP, 1997). Fifty long-term care residents were recruited for the study in Queens, New York. A convenience sample was randomly assigned to either of the treatment protocols: polymeric membrane dressing (polymem) or the antibiotic ointment and dry clean dressing (DCD). The findings from the study revealed a significant difference in wound healing scores in the polymeric membrane-dressing group. These findings are limited due to the small sample size and they cannot be generalized to other populations. As this is an initial study, further research is recommended

Aged↗

PubMed1971

A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded.

Incontinence is a major unsolved problem in the institutional care of the profoundly retarded. A reinforcement and social analysis of incontinence was used to develop a procedure that would rapidly toilet train retardates and motivate them to remain continent during the day in their ward setting. Nine profoundly retarded adults were given intensive training (median of four days per patient), the distinctive features of which were artificially increasing the frequency of urinations, positive reinforcement of correct toileting but a delay for "accidents", use of new automatic apparatus for signalling elimination, shaping of independent toileting, cleanliness training, and staff reinforcement procedures. Incontinence was reduced immediately by about 90% and eventually decreased to near-zero. These results indicate the present procedure is an effective, rapid, enduring, and administratively feasible solution to the problem of incontinence of the institutionalized retarded.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1985

A university-based incentive program to increase safety belt use: Toward cost-effective institutionalization.

A cost-effective incentive program to increase safety belt use was implemented by the campus police of a large university. For each of the 3-week intervention periods during three consecutive academic quarters, the 22 campus police officers recorded the license plate numbers of vehicles with drivers wearing a shoulder belt. From these numbers, 10 raffle winners were drawn who received gift certificates donated by community merchants. Faculty and staff increased their belt usage markedly as a result of the "Seatbelt Sweepstakes," whereas students increased their belt use only slightly. A cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that the sweepstakes cost an average of $0.98 per each newly buckled driver. During each sweepstakes intervention, officers' belt usage increased significantly, but diminished to initial baseline levels after the final withdrawal of the program. Surveys of officers' opinions indicated that the police would accept the program demands as a regular task requirement. This result and the fact that program promotion and coordination were eventually taken over by two student organizations suggest that institutionalization of the "Seatbelt Sweepstakes" is feasible.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1984

Social well-being of institutionalized elderly persons.

This article describes the development of a scale, the Social Well-Being Scale, to measure the extent to which institutionalized older persons perceive their social needs as being met. For persons over sixty-five years of age, the scale score is not affected by age or sex, but it does distinguish them by race, health, and type of living arrangement. Further, the Social Well-Being Scale predicts the level of psychological well-being.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Causes of pre-verbal deafness in an institutionalized population, emphasizing genetic etiology].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the causes of pre-verbal deafness in an institutionalized population emphasizing genetic etiology, considering the scarceness of national data in this field. METHODS: Based on the promptuaries of 658 pupils from 18 institutions for deaf people in Recife, information about audiological tests, laboratory examinations, etiology, associated anomalies, consanguinity and other deaf persons in the family was obtained; dysmorphologic examination was performed in 557 pupils; all the families with recurrent cases of deafness were investigated, having the pertinent pedigrees been constituted. RESULTS: About 13% of the studied population probably manifest genetic deafness; the autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked recessive patterns of inheritance were observed, respectively, in 87.7%, 8.8% and 3.5% of the familial cases; among the examined pupils, 4.3% presented specific dysmorphic syndromes or anomalies associated with deafness; the acquired causes and unknown etiology were represented by 41.5% and 45.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained frequencies for the distinct causal factors of pre-verbal deafness are within the spectrum of variation of the frequencies observed in similar works, pointing out that in a great number of cases the etiology is unknown.

English Abstract↗

PubMed1978

Oral hygiene, periodontal health and need for periodontal treatment among institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway.

Oral hygiene, periodontal health and periodontal treatment needs were studied in the dentulous patients (n = 328) of a sample selected to be representative of all institutionalized mentally subnormal persons in Norway aged 5--45. The average oral hygiene and periodontal health was poor except for patients in a few institutions where the nurses were trained to clean teeth regularly. Increased age, epilepsy, Down's syndrome and a high degree of mental deficiency were all elements that apparently contributed to impairment of periodontal health and to increased treatment requirements. The preventive programs used in some institutions seemed to be effective. Still better results, however, could probably be obtained by the use of dental hygienists.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Home and family correlates of prior drug involvement among institutionalized male adolescents.

The literature concerning drug abuse in adolescence has indicated that various aspects of the home and family background of a boy or girl may be important correlates of drug usage. Such correlates show differences in terms of form of measurement, specificity, and reliability. The present study is focused on a particular facet of this problem, namely prior drug abuse among a group of institutionalized Training School boys. Within this context it was hoped to obtain not only a broad spectrum of home and family variables but also, if feasible, global dimensions of this aspect of an adolescent's environment. All data come from case records.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Circulating thyroxine levels in institutionalized children.

The circulating levels of total thyroxine (T4) and normalized thyroxine (T4N) were studied in 41 institutionalized children (IC) and in 22 control children (CC), from two to six years old. No difference were observed in the values of T4 between the two groups but in IC, T4N levels are inferior to those in CC. The periods children have been confined, their chronological age and their age at the time of admittance greatly influence these results. The differences between IC and CC become important in the IC groups with less than 6 months of confinement and with more than 24 months, in the groups of 4-year-old children and in the ones admitted before 1 year of age or after 4 years of age. In all parameters studied, the differences with CC in girls are more significant than in boys.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

The effect of institutionalization on nursing home populations.

Two groups of institutionalized aged, the mentally ill and the frail elderly, were studied for differences in observable behaviors. The mentally ill group showed no significant decline in behavior as years spent in an institution increased. This finding reflects improvement in mental health care. The mentally ill nursing home resident does need to be maintained on appropriate psychotropic medications. Limit-setting approaches to caregiving will help maintain expected behaviors. The frail elderly showed a decline in neatness and an increase in negative behaviors with longer institutional stays. Caregiving needs to focus on helping the resident maintain a sense of mastery and control in the nursing home environment.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1993

Pilot study results. Falls among institutionalized elderly.

Increased cognitive impairment relates to poorer balance, to greater dependence in activities in daily living (ADL), and to perceptions of greater balance. Also, greater depression relates to better balance, to less dependence in ADL, and to perceptions of poorer balance. Those who fell were significantly younger and more dependent in ADL than residents who did not fall. However, there were no significant differences between these two groups for sex, length of institutionalization, depression, cognitive impairment, balance, or perceptions of balance. The findings that actual balance and perceptions of balance may not be congruent among cognitively impaired and depressed elderly has important implications for assessment and intervention. Perceptions are central to the decision of a person to ambulate or transfer and engage in other activities, and discrepancies between actual and perceived abilities may lead them to perform activities that they are unable to do safely.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed1992

Seroepidemiologic study of toxocariasis and strongyloidiasis in institutionalized mentally retarded adults.

Serologic surveys for Toxocara canis and Strongyloides sp., as well as stool examinations for intestinal parasites, were conducted in a home for mentally retarded adults. Evidence of parasitic infection was found in 30 (28.3%) of 106 residents; nine (8.5%) had positive toxocaral serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay[ELISA]), 1 (0.9%) had positive serology for Stronglyoides sp. (ELISA), and 21 (19.8%) had parasites in stool (including Stronglyoides stercoralis in the patient with positive serology). Most of the residents with positive toxocaral serology lived in the same apartment and used to play with dogs. Parameters found to be significantly associated with positive toxocaral serology were pica behavior and eosinophilia (P less than 0.05). Mental retardation requiring institutionalization appears to be a risk factor for toxocariasis and other parasitic infections in adults as it is for children.

Adult↗