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PubMed2003

Comparison of complementary metal oxide semiconductor and charge-coupled device intraoral X-ray detectors using subjective image quality.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the subjective image quality of the newer generation Schick CDR detector employing complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with images using the earlier generation charge-coupled device (CCD) Schick CDR detector. METHODS: All radiographic images were made using the same formalin-fixed adult cadaver maxilla with surrounding natural soft tissues in place. The X-ray generator used was a Villa Sistemi Medicali Diamatic srl AP/Explor X operated at 70 kVp and 8 mA. The source-to-detector distance was set at 38 cm and an optical bench was used to ensure reproducible beam geometry. A range of exposures was applied for both detectors. A panel of nine dentists independently observed and evaluated images made at each exposure. For both detectors, the three images ranked highest were randomized for re-evaluation in panels of six images. Each image was repeated randomly a total of 10 times. Features chosen as observation points were: (1) proximal dental caries; (2) gingival soft tissues; (3) cortical bone; (4) root canal space; (5) root apices; (6) periodontal ligament space; and (7) endodontic instrument tip clarity. Comparisons were made by use of odds ratio analysis applying a 95% confidence level. Interrater and intrarater reliabilities were computed to assess consistency in observer ratings. RESULTS: The CMOS sensor was rated as outperforming its CCD predecessor for depiction of cortical bone and root apices; the CCD detector was only rated superior for depiction of root canal space. No significant difference was found between the two detectors in perceived depiction of proximal dental caries, gingival soft tissues, periodontal ligament space or endodontic instruments. Combining rating scores from each of the tasks, CMOS and CCD detectors had a similar proportion of image ratings of excellent, acceptable and poor. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding subjective image quality, the Schick CMOS and CCD detectors were perceived to produce radiographic images of similar overall quality.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Multiple idiopathic external apical root resorption: report of four cases.

Multiple idiopathic external root resorption is an unusual condition that may present in a cervical or an apical form. In this article, we review the published literature relating to multiple idiopathic external apical root resorption and present four clinical cases. We consider the aetiology of this condition and discuss the various treatment options.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Root tips.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed2005

The clinical significance and management of apical accessory canals in maxillary central incisors.

BACKGROUND: The maxillary central incisor is considered to be the least difficult subject for a clinical endodontic experience. However, the internal anatomy of maxillary central incisors can present a number of variations, including multiple accessory canals. CASE DESCRIPTION: This article highlights the clinical significance and management of accessory canals located in the apical one-third of maxillary central incisors. The authors present two case reports in which failure to detect the accessory canals led to root canal failure and subsequent surgical intervention. Another two case reports present the serendipitous discovery and nonsurgical management of accessory canals during the initial treatment of maxillary incisors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is important for the clinician to be able to detect the signs suggesting the presence of accessory canals in maxillary central incisors. Failure to do so may lead to a less-than-optimal endodontic treatment outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diagnostic agreement of conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs in the detection of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic agreement of conventional panoramic radiographs and their inverted scanned images in the detection of the mandibular canal and mental foramen. A total of 77 panoramic radiographs obtained from the files of totally edentulous patients were used. Digitization was done by means of a scanner with brightness and contrast adjustment, as well as image inversion. The extension of mandibular canal was divided into anterior, middle, and posterior regions, and the presence of a radiopaque line that characterized the mandibular canal was classified according to a 5-point confidence scale. The mental foramen was classified in 4 types: continuous, separated, diffuse, and unidentified. Both conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs were evaluated by 3 calibrated implantologists at 2 distinct moments with a minimum interval of 10 days between them. Intraexaminer agreement was evaluated by Kappa statistics by point and by 95% confidence interval. Because the intraexaminer level of agreement was low, interexaminer agreements could not be carried out. The results showed a substantial (in 2 situations), moderate (in 16 situations), and fair (in 18 situations) intraexaminer agreement for mandibular canal and a substantial (in 1 situation), fair (in 1 situation), and moderate (in 10 situations) intraeaminer agreement for mental foramen. There were no statistically significant differences in most instances. In conclusion, the diagnostic agreement of conventional and inverted scanned panoramic radiographs for detection of mandibular canal and mental foramen was low.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2003

Healing process of dog teeth after post space preparation and exposition of the filling material to the oral environment.

The purpose of this study was to observe the influence of coronal leakage on the behavior of periapical tissues after root canal filling and post space preparation. Forty root canals of dogs' teeth were instrumented and filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta percha points and the cements Sealer 26 and Roth. After post space preparation, the remaining filling material was either protected or not protected with a plug of the temporary cement Lumicon. After root canal exposition to the oral environment for 90 days, the animals were killed and specimens were removed and prepared for histomorphological analysis. The Brown and Brenn technique showed 70% of cases with microorganism leakage for Roth cement, and 20% with Sealer 26. When a plug of Lumicon was employed, there was 30% leakage for Roth cement and 0% for Sealer 26. A chronic inflammatory reaction was more frequently observed with Roth cement than with Sealer 26. It was concluded that a plug of Lumicon was efficient in controlling microorganism coronal leakage (p = 0.05), and that Sealer 26 was more biocompatible and sealed root canals better than Roth sealer (p = 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Apical seal of root canals with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide.

The objective of this research was to determine if gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] improve the apical seal after root canal filling and if the master point does it alone. Human single recently extracted teeth were biomechanically prepared and the root canals filled by the lateral condensation technique with ZOE and gutta-percha points, with or without calcium hydroxide. The teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue solution in a vacuum environment for 24 h after which they were processed for stereomicroscope evaluation. Better results were observed with the teeth filled with gutta-percha points with calcium hydroxide (p=0.01). We conclude that these new points make a better apical seal and that these results can also be obtained with the calcium hydroxide master point associated with regular ones (p=0.05).

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2005

Influence of apical patency and filling material on healing process of dogs' teeth with vital pulp after root canal therapy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the periapical healing process of dogs' teeth with or without apical patency and after root canal filling with two types of sealers. Forty roots of premolars and incisors were utilized. The root canals were over-instrumented and dressed with a corticosteroid-antibiotic solution for 7 days to obtain ingrowth of periapical connective tissue into the canals. After this period, the tissue was removed in half of the specimens (groups with patency) and preserved in the other half (groups without patency). Canals were filled by lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha points and either a calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealer Plus) or a Grossman's cement (Fill Canal). The animals were killed by anesthetic overdose 60 days after the endodontic treatment and anatomic pieces were obtained and prepared for histologic examination. Data were evaluated in a blind analysis on the basis of several histomorphologic parameters. The groups without patency had better results (p=0.01) than those in which the ingrown connective tissue was removed. Comparing the sealers, Sealer Plus had significantly better results (p=0.01) than Fill Canal. In conclusion, both the apical patency (presence or absence) and the type of root canal filling material influenced the periapical healing process in dogs' teeth with vital pulp after root canal treatment. The use of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer in teeth without apical patency yielded the best results among the experimental conditions proposed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Root canals and apical foramina of the buccal root of maxillary first premolars with longitudinal sulcus.

In the present study, periapical radiographs were analyzed to investigate the number of canals of the buccal root of maxillary 1st premolars with longitudinal sulcus, and compare the number of apical foramina observed on the radiographs to that revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-nine human maxillary 1st premolars had their crowns and palatal roots removed and the root canals (C) were explored with endodontic files until the tip of the instrument was visualized exiting the apical foramen/foramina (AF). Radiographs were taken with files inside the root canals and the specimens were classified as follows: 1C/1AF; 2C/2AF; 1C/2AF; 2C/1AF. Apices were examined under SEM and the number of apical foramina (considering those measuring >80 microm in diameter) was recorded. Only 17.1% (n=6) of the specimens had 1C/1AF; 77.2% (n=27) had 2AF in which 42.9% (n=15) had 2C and 34.3% (n=12) had 1C; 5.7% (n=2) had 2C/1AF. SEM examinations showed that 46.1% (n=18) of the specimens had 2AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 1AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 3AF; 7.7% (n=3) had 4AF. Radiographic and SEM findings for the number of AF coincided in 62.8% of the cases. A buccal longitudinal sulcus in the maxillary 1st premolar is usually accompanied by total bifurcation (42.9%) or apical bifurcation (34.3%) of the root canal. SEM identified a statistically higher number of apical foramina than radiographs (p<0.01).

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2006

Periapical cyst repair after nonsurgical endodontic therapy--case report.

This article presents the procedures that must be considered for periapical cyst repair after nonsurgical endodontic treatment. The case of a periapical cyst associated to the left maxillary lateral incisor is reported. Nonsurgical root canal therapy was performed and lesion healing was confirmed radiographically after 24 months. Differential diagnosis, endodontic infection control, apical foramen enlargement and filling of the cystic cavity with a calcium hydroxide paste were important procedures for case resolution.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of cyclosporin A on dental alveolar bone: a histomorphometric study in rats.

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported cyclosporin A (CA)-induced osteopenia around the dental alveoli of the mandibular incisors of rats. The drug-induced tooth displacement and the regional anatomical complexity around the mandibular incisors might complicate the local effects of CA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental alveolar bone histomorphology around maxillary secondary molars in CA-treated rats and to further elucidate the effects of CA on the dental alveolus. METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a CA and a control group. Animals in the CA group received CA (15 mg/kg) daily and the control rats received only mineral oil. At the end of weeks 2 and 4, five animals in each group were sacrificed. Dental alveoli around the maxillary second molar region were frontally sectioned and stained with toluidine blue by undecalcified histological processing. Ten serial tissue sections, 80 microm apart, were selected for histometric evaluation. Bone volume, bone-specific surface, and osteoid formation were measured at buccal, apical, and palatal locations in dental alveolus. RESULTS: Overall bone mass in dental alveolus decreased more in the CA group than in the control group at both observation intervals. All histometric measurements, except the bone-specific surface, were significantly affected by the alveolar location (palatal, apical, and buccal) and CA therapy (P= 0.004 and <0.001, 0.001 and <0.001, 0.004 and <0.001 for drug therapy and location of the dental alveolus in bone volume, marrow volume, and the ratio of bone surface to volume, respectively). Decreased bone volume, but increased marrow volume, were noted in the CA group compared to the control group. Although the alveolar bone surface area did not differ between the CA group and the control group, greater alveolar surface-to-volume ratio was noted in the CA group. For osteoid, more decreased volume, seam width, and fractional formation surface were observed in the CA group compared to the control group (P <0.001, <0.001, and = 0.046 in osteoid volume, seam width volume, and formation surface, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Because the bone mass and the osteoid formation in the dental alveolus around the maxillary molar region showed a decrease after CA exposure, we conclude that this drug has inhibitory effects on the dental alveoli.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

Effect of doxycycline on the apical seal of retrograde filling materials.

In this study, we examined the effect of doxycycline hydrochloride (DH) on the apical seal. Results indicated that teeth that were retrofilled with IRM or amalgam following doxycycline irrigation had significantly less dye penetration (p < 0.05). Due to its antimicrobial activity, smear layer removal ability, and improvement of apical seal, doxycycline solution may be used as an irrigant.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The evaluation of apical leakage for three endodontic fill systems.

This study evaluated the apical leakage for three endodontic systems: (1) lateral condensation with Essential Dental System's epoxy adhesive: (2) Thermafil with Thermaseal adhesive; and (3) EZ-Fill Bi-directional spiral with EDS' epoxy adhesive. Five groups of 10 recently extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. Results showed that lateral condensation, and the EDS' EZ-Fill Bi-directional, and Thermafil techniques did not differ from each other, but differed from the no treatment group and the instrumented-unfilled group. In the current study, the EZ-Fill Bi-directional technique produced a tighter apical seal than either lateral condensation or Thermafil obturation techniques, but they all were not significantly different. EZ-Fill Bi-directional is a faster and more economical alternative to lateral condensation and Thermafil obturation.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1997

[A positioning device for oral paralleling technique].

OBJECTIVE: To design a reliable method for standardized paralelling dental projection, for comparison of the tiny variations of alveolar bone during the treatment of the periodontal disease. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Periapical radiographs in 29 pairs of films with this device and 14 pairs of films with traditional method on dried skulls were comparatively analysed by digital subtraction. Standard deviations and angle variations of subtracted image were studied comparatively between this method and traditional paralleling technique. RESULTS: Significant difference of reproducibility between two groups was showed. The reproducibility of the successive pictures was apparently increased when projected with positioning device.

Alveolar Process↗