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PubMed1998

University performance, gender and the rural health workforce: an analysis of nursing students.

The relationship between student gender and performance was examined in first year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Nursing course at Charles Sturt University from 1991 to 1995. A greater proportion of female students achieved passing grades in subjects studied when compared to male students, irrespective of the subject discipline area. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of female than male students passed nursing subjects; however, no statistically significant differences in performance were detected in the proportion of male or female students in either science or humanities subjects.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1999

Slow growth in the United States of the number of minorities in the RN workforce.

PURPOSE: To assess the extent to which the number of minority RNs has grown during the past 20 years, and to identify and compare key trends in personal and professional characteristics among minority groups and between minority and majority populations of RNs. Nursing education programs, employers, philanthropic organizations, and governments have expended considerable effort and resources to increase the number of minorities in nursing. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of trends in the number, education, employment, and earnings of minority RNs from 1977 to 1997. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of data from the U.S. National Sample Surveys of the Population of Registered Nurses, 1977-1996; and data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Current Population Survey (CPS) Outgoing Rotation Group Annual Merged Files, 1977-1997. FINDINGS: In the past 20 years, the number of minority RNs has grown from 87,386 (or 6.3% of the total supply of RNs) in 1977 to 246,364 RNs (9.7%) in 1996. The number of Black (nonHispanic), Asian Pacific/Islanders, and American Indian/Alaskan Native nurses nearly tripled in this period while the number of Hispancis doubled. Although these rates of growth are impressive, the percentage of minorities in nursing lags considerably behind the percentage (18.3%) who are teachers, and the percentage (28.2%) in the U.S. population. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are needed to determine the barriers that exist in nursing education programs, health care organizations, and society in general that deter minorities from a nursing career. Without this understanding, efforts to design and implement ideas to attract, educate, and retain minorities in nursing education and later in the workplace are hampered.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

The rural physician workforce in Florida: a survey of US- and foreign-born primary care physicians.

CONTEXT: To meet the challenge of primary care needs in rural areas, continuing assessment of the demographics, training, and future work plans of practicing primary care physicians is needed. PURPOSE: This study's goal was to assess key characteristics of primary care physicians practicing in rural, suburban, and urban communities in Florida. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to all of Florida's rural primary care physicians (n = 399) and a 10% sampling (n = 1236) of urban and suburban primary care physicians. FINDINGS: Responses from 1000 physicians (272 rural, 385 urban, 343 suburban) showed that rural physicians were more likely to have been raised in a rural area, foreign-born and trained, a National Health Service Corps member, or a J-1 visa waiver program participant. Rural physicians were more likely to have been exposed to rural medical practice or living in a rural environment during their medical school and residency training. Factors such as rural upbringing and medical school training did not predict future rural practice with foreign-born physicians. Overall, future plans for practice did not seem to differ between rural, urban, and suburban physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Recruiting and retaining doctors in rural areas can be best supported through a mission-driven selection of medical students with subsequent training in medical school and residency in rural health issues. National programs such as the National Health Service Corps and the J-1 visa waiver program also play important roles in rural physician selection and should be taken into account when planning for future rural health care needs.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Modeling the mental health workforce in Washington State: using state licensing data to examine provider supply in rural and urban areas.

CONTEXT: Ensuring an adequate mental health provider supply in rural and urban areas requires accessible methods of identifying provider types, practice locations, and practice productivity. PURPOSE: To identify mental health shortage areas using existing licensing and survey data. METHODS: The 1998-1999 Washington State Department of Health files on credentialed health professionals linked with results of a licensure renewal survey, 1990 US Census data, and the results of the 1990-1992 National Comorbidity Survey were used to calculate supply and requirements for mental health services in 2 types of geographic units in Washington state-61 rural and urban core health service areas and 13 larger mental health regions. Both the number of 9 types of mental health professionals and their full-time equivalents (FTEs) per 100,000 population measured supply in the health service areas and mental health regions. FINDINGS: Notable shortages of mental health providers existed throughout the state, especially in rural areas. Urban areas had 3 times the psychiatrist FTEs per 100,000 and more than 1.5 times the nonpsychiatrist mental health provider FTEs per 100,000 as rural areas. More than 80% of rural health service areas had at least 10% fewer psychiatrist FTEs and nonpsychiatrist mental health provider FTEs than the state ratio (10.4 FTEs per 100,000 and 306.5 FTEs per 100,000, respectively). Ten of the 13 mental health regions were more than 10% below the state ratio of psychiatrist FTEs per 100,000. CONCLUSIONS: States gathering a minimum database at licensure renewal can identify area-specific mental health care shortages for use in program planning.

Geography↗