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Results for “bone marrow cellularity”

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PubMed1992

[Degree of cellular proliferation in the first-time bone marrow smear and its significance in the diagnosis of aplastic anemia].

According to the cellularity in the first bone marrow aspirate, 541 cases of aplastic anemia (AA) diagnosed in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were divided into two groups--hypoplastic and hyperplastic. Comparison of the transformation, remission and long-term survival rates in the two groups showed the following results. (1) Transformation: In the hypoplastic group, 60% of the cases maintained the original degree of proliferation, 34% was transformed to hyperplastic, 3% had repeated transformation and 3% became leukemic. In the hyperplastic group, 44% maintained the original degree of proliferation, 44% was transformed to hypoplastic, 9.3% had repeated transformation and 2.7% became leukemic. (2) Remission rate: The total remission rate was 15.9% in the hypoplastic and 14.6% in the hyperplastic group. (3) Long-term survival rate: The 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 70.43%, 57.66% and 51.51% in the hypoplastic group, while they were 86.7%, 71.24% and 63.34% respectively in the hyperplastic with statistical significance (P less than 0.01). It is emphasized that AA can not be ruled out if there is hyperplasia in the bone marrow smear taken for the first time or in several smears taken from the same site. Smears taken periodically from different sites are essential for correct diagnosis.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biochemical and pharmacologic study of therapeutic synergism with cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate in murine L1210 leukemia.

The combination of cyclosphosphamide (CP) plus methotrexate (MTX) was found to be therapeutically synergistic against the L1210 ascites tumor. After inoculation with 1 x 10(6) L1210 cells to (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice, ip administration of CP (200 mg/kg on Day 5) plus MTX (15 mg/kg on Days 5, 7, 9, and 11) resulted in a significant increase in mean lifespan, compared to optimal treatment with either CP or MTX alone. The contribution of the single, simultaneous dose of CP plus MTX on Day 5 to therapeutic synergism was examined. The combination of CP plus MTX on Day 5 produced a greater decrease in tumor cell numbers than either drug alone. Measurements of the time course of inhibition and recovery of 3H-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA showed that within 48 hours, recovery of DNA synthesis in small intestine and bone marrow was almost complete after either CP, MTX, or CP plus MTX. In contrast, tumor, which had recovered within 48 hours after MTX, still remained greater than 90% inhibited after eight CP or CP plus MTX. Measurements of bone marrow nucleated cellularity after therapy showed that the single, simultaneous dose of CP plus MTX was no more toxic to bone marrow than CP alone, although it was more toxic than MTX alone. No alterations in the distribution of either MTX or alkylating metabolites of CP could be detected in tumor or normal tissues when CP and MTX were administered simultaneously.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Cellular and genetic characterization of human adult bone marrow-derived neural stem-like cells: a potential antiglioma cellular vector.

We describe the in vitro isolation and expansion of cells capable of forming neurosphere-like aggregates from human adult bone marrow. Cells within these passaged spheroids can differentiate into astrocytes, specific neuronal subtypes, and oligodendrocytes and have gene expression profiles similar to human fetal brain-derived neural stem cells. Genetically modified neural-competent bone marrow-derived cells efficiently migrate toward distant sites of brain injury and tumor in vivo, where they differentiate and express therapeutic transgenes when transplanted into the brains of mice. These studies suggest that adult bone marrow may serve as a large reservoir for autologous neural stem-like cells for future therapeutic strategies.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Studies on transfer of varicella-zoster-virus specific T-cell immunity from bone marrow donor to recipient.

The transfer of antigen-specific cellular immunity in human bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in 49 donor-recipient pairs, using a varicella-zoster-virus (VZV) specific lymphoproliferative response (LPR) assay. Posttransplant VZV-LPR could be serially measured in 31 long-term surviving recipients. VZV-specific T-cell immunity was detected in the early posttransplant period in 4 of 16 recipients who were, and whose donors were, immune to VZV before BMT, but two of those positive responses diminished in the first 100 days posttransplant. No positive response was detected in the immediate posttransplant period when either only the recipient or the donor was immune to VZV pretransplant. Herpes zoster or chickenpox developed in the recipients depending on a history of pretransplant VZV infection when the VZV-LPR became negative, and recovery from VZV infection was always followed by quick conversion of VZV-LPR. Long-lasting positive VZV-LPR was observed in the two recipients who experienced VZV infection in the immediate pretransplant period and received marrow graft from an immune donor. Our results indicate that a simple or direct transfer of VZV-specific cellular immunity from a marrow donor to a recipient cannot be expected in usual clinical bone marrow transplantation and that there might be a collaboration or recruitment of immune responses involving both donor and recipient that permits the VZV-LPR to remain positive posttransplant.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMed1996

Detection of endogenous human cytomegalovirus in CD34+ bone marrow progenitors.

The cellular sites and mechanisms of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency are still poorly defined. Although evidence suggests that peripheral blood monocytes are one site of latency in the healthy carrier, it is unlikely that monocytes represent a site of primary HCMV infection. Consequently, we have analysed CD34+ bone marrow progenitors, precursors of monocytes, to determine whether they are a site of HCMV carriage in normal virus carriers. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of endogenous HCMV within bone marrow progenitors in the absence of HCMV lytic gene expression. These findings are consistent with previous evidence showing that the permissiveness of myeloid cells for HCMV is critically dependent on the differentiation state of the cell.

Antigens, CD34↗

PubMed2000

Involvement of multiple subpopulations of human bone marrow cells in the regulation of allogeneic cellular immune responses.

BACKGROUND: The identity of the cells in the human bone marrow that function as effective regulators of in vitro and possibly in vivo cellular immune responses is not well established. METHODS: Cell subpopulations were isolated from cadaver donor vertebral-body bone marrow cells (DBMC) by using immuno-magnetic microbeads and were tested as inhibitors (modulators) in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responses of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with irradiated cadaver donor spleen cells. RESULTS: Compared with spleen cells as controls, un-irradiated T-cell depleted DBMC inhibited both the MLR and CML responses of allogeneic responder cells in a dose dependent manner (as in our previous reports). The inhibition was also mediated by a number of purified subpopulations including pluripotent CD34+ stem cells, and their CD34 negative early progeny of both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. These included DBMC enriched for non-T-cell lymphoid precursors (NT-LP/DBMC; i.e., DBMC depleted of CD3, CD15, and glycophorin-A positive cells) and DBMC positively selected for CD38+, CD2+, CD5+, and CD1+ lymphoid cells (all were depleted of CD3+ cells) as well as CD33+ (but CD15 negative) myeloid precursors. However, positively selected CD19+ B-cells and CD15+ myeloid cells did not inhibit the MLR and CML responses. The NT-LP/DBMC that had been repeatedly stimulated with irradiated allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes caused the strongest inhibition of the MLR and CML responses of the same allogeneic cells with 200 times fewer modulator cells needed than uncultured DBMC (P<0.001). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that majority of cells in these cell lines had become CD3+ TcR-alphabeta+ CD4+ and CD28+ cells. CONCLUSION: A variety of less differentiated cells of various lineages residing in the human bone marrow are immunoregulatory in vitro. Among them, there is at least one subset that can undergo differentiation in vitro into regulatory T cells that can be maintained in long-term cultures.

Antigens, CD34↗

PubMed1988

FAB classification of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: heterogeneity revealed on the basis of bone marrow findings.

We report on 12 patients who fulfilled the FAB diagnosis criteria of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Some clinical findings (splenomegaly) as well as biological parameters (WBC count, cellularity of bone marrow sections, presence of dyserythropoiesis in bone marrow smears) were subjected to particular analysis. This allowed the assignment of each patient onto one of three separate hematological syndromes: (1) RA or RAEB with monocytosis, (2) myelomonocytic dysplasia (a novel syndrome) and (3) true CMML. Such separation may have distinct prognostic significance and may, therefore, predict life expectancy.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1980

Bone marrow modulaton of spontaneous killer cellular cytotoxicity (SKCC) induction.

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Adult↗

PubMed1997

How erythropoietin affects bone marrow of uremic patients.

In a prospective study, 40 maintenance hemodialysis patients, randomized in two equal groups, were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) for their renal anemia, for a period of 2 years. One group was treated for 2 years, while the other was untreated control during the first year, but received rHuEPO during the second year of the study. Anemia was corrected in all treated patients and hematocrit maintained between 30 and 35 vol% by low-dose subcutaneous treatment with Recormon (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, Germany), according to the study protocol. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB), from the posterior iliac crest, was taken by the method of Jamshidi from 32 patients. Fourteen patients from the control group were biopsied twice: once at baseline and the second time at 12 months of treatment, while 15 patients from the other group were biopsied only once, at 24 months of rHuEPO treatment. The biopsies were embedded in wax and in epoxy resin, and after staining for light and electron microscopy, they were semiquantitatively examined for several parameters: cellularity, myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio, megakaryocytes, fatty tissue, megaloblasts, and marrow iron. Cellularity of the bone marrow increased significantly at 12 months of treatment and it remained so at 24 months. M:E ratio was significantly reduced indicating expansion of the erythroid pool, both at 12 and 24 months of therapy. The number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow increased significantly at 12 months and remained high at 24 months of treatment, while fatty tissue was significantly reduced at 12 and 24 months compared to the baseline values. There was no significant change in the percentage of megaloblasts in the bone marrow. Hemosiderin was reduced after treatment indicating mobilization of the bone marrow iron stores upon treatment with rHuEPO. We concluded that rHuEPO had a beneficial long-term effect on bone marrow.

Anemia↗

PubMed1993

[The adaptation of human bone marrow adipose tissue to various degrees of hematopoietic cellularity].

PURPOSE: To assess whether the variations in the number and size of the adipocytes are proportional, or not, to the changes of the fat tissue fraction (FF) associated to different degrees of hematopoietic cellularity of the bone-marrow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material was made up of 28 specimens of bone marrow biopsy, from which 265 microscopic fields representing a wide range of FF were obtained. As index of proportionality, the ratio N/S (adipocyte number/size) was employed. RESULTS: The parameters FF and N/S showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.89; p = 0.00000003) at low-normal FF range (< 40%), whereas at high FF range (> 40%), such a correlation was lacking (r = 0.01; p = 0.86). CONCLUSION: At low-normal FF the adipocyte number and size vary proportionally. Conversely, at high FF, in some cases a more marked increase of number and in other instances of adipocyte size is detected. Further investigations are needed to find out the responsible factors for this different behaviour.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1993

[Adaptation of human bone marrow adipose tissue to different grades of hemopoietic cellularity].

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1976

Preleukemic states. I. Definition and classification. II. Refractory anemia with an excess of myeloblasts in the bone marrow (smoldering acute leukemia).

Approaches to the diagnosis and classification of preleukemic states involving chronic cytopenias are presented and discussed. Diagnosis of these states is facilitated by the identification of anomalies in all the myeloid cell lines (i.e., those derived from the bone marrow). These cellular anomalies may be morphologic, biochemical, or functional in nature or may affect the quantity of cell in each line in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. Such anomalies may occur alone or may be associated. A tentative classifiction is proposed which is based on one or several of these anomalies. Among the quantitative criteria of classification is a moderate and static excess of myeloblasts and promyelocytes in the bone marrow. Refractory anemia with an excess of myeloblasts (RAEM) in the most frequent of these states. Its main clinical and hematologic features are described. The disease course is quite typical, the mean survival being 20 months; some patients survive for more than 30 months. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was the cause of death in less than 28% of cases. Infection in the absence of severe neutropenia was frequent. The relationship between RAEM and AML is disc,ssed, and the individual characteristics of RAEM are emphasized.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

The cellular composition of human lymph nodes after allogenic bone marrow transplantation: an immunohistological study.

Using immunohistological techniques, the cellular composition of lymph nodes was assessed in 18 patients who had died 15 to 326 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. The lymph nodes showed reduced cellularity of the cortex and paracortex, dilated sinuses and no lymphoid follicles. The majority of leucocytes were T lymphocytes with an inversion of the normal T4:T8 ratio. No cells were detected expressing immature cortical thymocyte antigens, using NA1/34 and OKT10, but an excess of T11 (E rosette receptor)+ cells over the sum of T4+, T8+ and HNK1+ cells raised the possibility of the presence of immature cells. B lymphocytes were extremely rare and present as clusters in only two patients. Despite this, plasma cells were prominent in many cases and their number increased with time post transplant. The predominant immunoglobulin heavy chain class was IgA in seven cases, IgG in three cases, IgM in two cases and IgE in one case with no relationship between dominant class and days post transplant. In patients with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), there was a significantly lower T4:T8 ratio but no increase in expression of lymphocyte activation markers. Pyknotic leucocytes were present in half of the cases with GvHD and none of the other cases. No differences were detected in patients who had received marrow purged with monoclonal antibodies (Campath-I or UCHT1). Chimeric studies on three recipients of one haplotype matched marrow, using a monoclonal antibody specific for HLA-A2 and A28 antigens, showed a significant influx of donor cells by 56 days but this did not appear to be an immediate prelude to full morphological reconstitution.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Bone marrow composition and bone microarchitecture and turnover in blacks and whites.

We examined the relationship between bone histomorphometric variables versus marrow cellularity, marrow adiposity (among hemopoietic cells), and fatty degeneration (areas of only fat) of bone marrow in iliac crest bone samples from 98 normal black (n = 53) and white (n = 45) males and females. We found blacks to have greater marrow cellularity (p = 0.0001), less marrow adiposity (among hemopoietic cells, p = 0.0001), greater values for bone volume (p = 0.030), trabecular thickness (p = 0.002), and static bone turnover variables (osteoid volume, p = 0.001; osteoid surface, p = 0.001; osteoid thickness, p = 0.001; eroded surface, p = 0.0006) than whites. Marrow cellularity correlated positively with static bone turnover variables osteoid volume (r = 0.257, p = 0.011), osteoid surface (r = 0.265, p = 0.008), osteoid thickness (r = 0.217, p = 0.032), and eroded surface (r = 0.273, p = 0.007) when all 98 cases were analyzed together. These findings suggest that marrow cells may influence bone turnover. The extent of fatty degeneration, but not that of adipose tissue, increased with age in blacks (r = 0.476, p = 0.0003) and whites (r = 0.476, p = 0.001), as did bone loss. There was no racial difference in the extent of fatty degeneration. We conclude that the lesser extent of adiposity in blacks is a racial characteristic that is unaffected by aging, whereas fatty degeneration which may have partly occupied space vacated by bone loss, is an aging phenomenon, unrelated to race. Greater bone turnover in blacks may be expected to lead to more frequent renewal of fatigue-damaged bone, which together with sturdier bone structure may contribute to the lower fragility fracture rates in blacks.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bone marrow hematopoietic function and its relation to osteogenesis activity during reparative regeneration in leg lengthening in the dog].

The cellular composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood was studied in different periods of the formation of bone regenerate between the ends of tibia fragments upon their dosed stretching. The intensive regeneration of a hemopoietic rudiment proceeded during the period of active osteogenesis in the elongated bone. A conclusion is drawn that the cellular composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood can be used as indices of the osteogenesis intensity.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

The suppression of radiation-induced NF-kappaB activity by dexamethasone correlates with increased cell death in vivo.

In this study, we show that dexamethasone treatment increases ionizing radiation-induced cell death by inducing the inhibitory kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) pathway in mice. The effect of dexamethasone on radiation-induced cell death was assessed by changes in total spleen cellularity and bone marrow colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) contents after total body irradiation. While in vivo treatment of mice with dexamethasone alone (1 mg/kg/day, for 2 days) failed to elicit cell death in spleen cells, the combined treatment with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day, for 2 days) and gamma-rays (1 or 5 Gy) caused a 50-80% reduction in total cellularity in spleen and CFU-GM contents in bone marrow. These results demonstrate that dexamethasone has a synergistic effect on radiation-induced cellular damages in vivo. Immunoblot analysis showed that dexamethasone treatment significantly increases IkappaBalpha expression in the spleens of irradiated mice. In addition, the dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced radiation-induced nuclear translocation of the nucleus factor-kappaB in the spleens of irradiated mice. These results indicate that dexamethasone treatment in vivo may increase radiation-induced cell damages by increasing IkappaBalpha expression in hematopoietic organs such as spleen and bone marrow.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Gene diagnosis of familial erythroleukemia at the early stage of leukomogenesis].

Southern blot hybridization was performed with probe v-erbB + A in 4 subjects. Two of them were patients with similar erythroid alterations of bone marrow: one of them was diagnosed as erythroleukemia (EL). The other two were members of a same family (husband and wife). The husband had normal erythroid cellularity of bone marrow but the wife and their 7 living sons and daughters had erythroid hypercellularity. In the second generation of this family 4 hematological patients (1 with AML and 3 with CAA) were found in the past decade. Rearrangement of cerbB and c-erbA genes was found in 3 of the 4 subjects (2 with EL and the wife mentioned above). They had 4 new hybridization bands besides 3 germlines, but the husband had only 3 germlines. The result suggests that using Southern blot hybridization technique with probe v-erbB + A, the rearrangement of c-erbB/c-erbA genes might be a diagnostic indicator of erythroleukemia at early stage of leukomogenesis in familial and sporadic patients. The etiological significance of the rearrangement of c-erbB/c-erbA in leukomogenesis was discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Quantitative assessment of bone marrow hematopoiesis using parametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Spatial maps of the percentage cellularity in pelvic bone marrow were calculated at a resolution of 15.6 mm3 from six volunteers and 10 patients treated for documented hematologic disease using a three-point Dixon MRI pulse sequence. The percentage cellularity calculation was aided by analyzing a two-dimensional feature space consisting of the apparent water fraction (Wa), and the T2 relaxation time of water (T2w). An extracellular water fraction was assigned to each voxel on the basis of a two-component T2w algorithm. In six cases, the method was compared to results obtained from core biopsies or aspirates of the posterior iliac crest. The results indicate that segmentation schemes that combine high-quality phase-contrast imaging with nuclear relaxation time measurements can potentially identify the true fractional marrow volume occupied by hematopoietic elements in a variety of clinical situations.

Adult↗