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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[An experimental study on pathological changes in adrenal cortex in rats after phosphorus burn. I. Ultrastructural changes].

We observed the ultrastructural (PCC) changes in the adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR) and plasma corticosterone levels after phosphorus burn in rats within 15 days. We found that the PCC in the burnt rats increased remarkably with 3 peaks, and all the organelles or the surface structures (filopodia and cytoplasmic processes) in ZF and ZR cells showed various changes, which we considered as variant forms of secretion and synthesis hyperfunction of the adrenal cortical cells. There were also degenerative changes in the membrane structure.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1976

Plasma cortisol level is an index for functional state of adrenal cortex during pregnancy.

Measurement of plasma cortisol is necessary in assessing the functional state of the adrenal cortex and the availability of other active steroids to the tissues during pregnancy. Coupled with clinical endocrine tests, these determinations can give the physician a good indication of the type of disorder present e.g. Addison's diseases, panhypopituitarism and adrenal hyperfunction. The method used for estimation of venous plasma cortisol when adequately controlled, is very sensitive and accurate.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1980

Coexistence of pituitary adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome with a solitary adrenal adenoma.

A 45-yr-old woman presented with a 2-hr history of Cushing's syndrome. Baseline cortisol and ACTH levels were elevated and lacked a normal circadian rhythm. Dynamic testing of her pituitary-adrenal function revealed positive responses to metyrapone and synthetic ACTH and suppression with high doses of dexamethasone. The finding of asymmetrical adrenal uptake of 6-[131I]methyl-19-nor-cholesterol and a tumor image in the right adrenal on venography led to the preoperative diagnosis of pituitary ACTH-dependent adrenal hyperfunction coexisting with a right adrenal adenoma. Surgical resection of the right adrenal demonstrated a solitary 39-g nodule, 4 cm in diameter. There were no additional nodules present in the surrounding cortex. When incubated in vitro, both the adenoma and the surrounding tissue were functional and responsive to ACTH. This was in contrast to the lack of response to ACTH in vitro of similar tissues removed from two other patients with ACTH-independent adrenal adenomas. We suggest that this case represents a transition between pituitary ACTH-dependent bilateral adrenocortical hyperfunction and solitary adrenal adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Effects of suramin on the function and structure of the adrenal cortex in the cynomolgus monkey.

There have been reports of adrenal failure in patients treated with suramin, an agent that has recently been used as therapy for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We conducted this study to assess the effect of suramin on adrenal function and structure in a primate, the cynomolgus monkey. Five male monkeys were treated with suramin (800 mg/m2, im) once a week, for 5 weeks. Five other animals (controls) received saline. The treated animals had progressive elevations of plasma ACTH (P less than 0.05) and PRA (P less than 0.02) and decreased serum cortisol responses 30 min after the administration of synthetic ACTH (P less than 0.05) compared to controls. There was disruption of the architecture of the adrenal cortex, a diffuse inflammatory cell infiltrate, and thinning of the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata in the suramin-treated animals. We conclude that suramin is toxic to adrenal cortical tissue and might be useful in treating conditions with adrenal cortical hyperfunction, such as adrenal cortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Adrenal cortex of Micromys minutus japonicus (Japanese harvest mouse). Its histochemical and fine structural study.

Micromys minutus japonicus (Japanese harvest mouse) is one of the smallest known mammals and is easily maintainable in the laboratory. The adrenal cortex of this animal is described here for the first time. The morphological structure with histochemistry was essentially the same as that of the mouse or the rat. However, the histochemical activity of steroid 3 beta-OH dehydrogenase in the zona glomerulosa was characteristically positive in this animal and electron microscopically Golgi's apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum were prominent in the glomerular cells. The concentration of aldosterone was high in the serum. These findings suggest the hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa in this animal.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1989

Radiochemical diagnosis of adrenal disease.

The adrenal gland consists of cortical and medullary components, both of which may be functionally imaged using radiopharmaceuticals designed to take advantage of the specialized physiology of each tissue. Radiolabeled cholesterol derivatives are taken up by normal and abnormal adrenal cortex and provide an in vitro map of adrenocortical function in Cushing's Syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, and hyperadrenogenism. Quantification of uptake shows strong correlation with biochemical parameters of adrenocortical hyperfunction. In the case of incidentally discovered euadrenal masses scintigraphy may help to distinguish between benign, nonfunctional cortical adenomas, and destructive, potentially malignant lesions. Radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a tracer of type I uptake and intracellular storage capacity for catecholamines in sympathomedullary tissues and tumors derived from this system. This permits the location of pheochromocytomas of all types (benign and malignant, intra- and extra-adrenal, sporadic and familial) as well as neuroblastomas in all stages. Other neuroendocrine tumors with type I uptake capacity may also be imaged. In suitable cases preliminary data suggests the administration of large doses of MIBG may permit internal radiotherapy of otherwise untreatable neuroendocrine tumors.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗