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PubMedDate not supplied

Homeostasis: a framework for integrating the life sciences.

Nurse education curricula continue to emphasize the holistic nature of health and ill-health. As a concept, holism recognizes that the interactions between a person and his/her environment are significant factors in shaping the individual, and important determinants of wellbeing. Psychosocial interactions as a basis for health now figure prominently in nursing curricula. In contrast, the applied biological sciences have increasingly become marginalized, yet knowledge of the biological construct of the individual, and an understanding of how it is influenced by psychosocial interactions, are also necessary if holistic care is the aim. Nursing models attempt to reinforce holistic principles, but the integrative nature of health and illness needs to be established before their application. This article proposes that the concept of homeostasis, and its relationship to systems theory, provides a workable framework for teaching the basis of health, and so forms a foundation for the application of nursing theory and nursing models.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The biosciences and fitness for practice: a time for review?

The learning of biosciences by preregistration students has been recognized as being problematic, and the need for better resourcing of education has been identified. The Project 2000 initiative (UKCC, 1988) expanded the breadth and dept of the curriculum content in order to support the delivery of holistic care, and so the resources for bioscience education seemed likely to remain limited. However, the UKCC has concluded that there has been a shortfall in the acquisition of practice skills by preregistration students (UKCC, 2001). To address this, new directives indicate that curricula should move to competency-based outcomes and use student-focused learning. However, there is a lack of clarity as to what the basic expectation is for bioscience learning at registration, and how this might be continued in postregistration programmes. The authors argue that if resources for bioscience teaching in preregistration curricula cannot be improved then it is time to review the situation to ensure that expectations are realistic and attainable. Criteria are required to establish exactly what life-long learning means in relation to the biosciences, from registration through to specialist practice.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

What is BioOne?

BioOne is a Web-based aggregation of full-text, high-impact bioscience research journals. Most of its titles are published by small societies or non-commercial publishers and have not been previously available in electronic format. This column describes the BioOne database and gives some basic information about the best ways to search its content.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2003

We-intentionality: an essential element in understanding human culture?

Culture is a powerful cause of human behavior, yet there have been few attempts to synthesize the biological and social sciences in order to provide an explanation of culture and hence to lay the foundations for a comprehensive human science. This essay explores one possible way of doing this by outlining the likely psychological mechanisms that give rise to the unique human capacity for creating social reality. The core assumption is that "we-intentionality," which is key to understanding social constructions, can and must be linked to specific evolved psychological traits, and hence placed within a neuroscience perspective.

Behavior↗
PubMed2002

Microgravity materials and life sciences research applications of digital holography.

We investigate the utility of digital holographic interferometry for analyzing gravity-dependent mass transport phenomena as applicable to materials and life science research topics. Digital holography is useful for measurement of parameters that introduce phase changes in light traversing the material of interest, such as temperature or concentration variations in an aqueous environment. We have constructed, tested, and verified a compact, portable digital holographic monitor (DHM) suitable for characterization of transparent samples. It has proved useful for the study of systems such as protein crystal growth solutions and has been proposed for further application into studies involving microbial metabolism. The DHM is also sufficiently rugged for field operation in challenging environments a s may be encountered in a spacecraft or industrial setting. We discuss some system capabilities and limitations.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2005

Development of high-resolution real-time sub-ppb ethane spectroscopy and some pilot studies in life science.

We describe a high-resolution real-time spectroscopy system targeted to ethane gas with sensitivity > or = 70 ppt and response time from > or = 0.7 s. The measurement technique is based on a mid-IR lead-salt laser passing through a Herriott cell through which a gas sample flows. We compare wavelength scanning and locked configurations and discuss their relative merits. The technology has been motivated by clinical breath testing applications, ethane being widely regarded as the most important breath biomarker for cell damage via free-radical-mediated oxidative attack. We discuss preliminary human and animal studies in which ultrasensitive real-time ethane detection offers new diagnostic and monitoring potential.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inside the triple helix: technology transfer and commercialization in the life sciences.

The transfer and subsequent application of academic research results has demonstrable benefits for health care, researchers, universities, companies, and local economies. Nonetheless, at least three general concerns exist: bias in the reporting of results, limited revenues from these activities, and the lack of data to evaluate technology transfer activities. Future efforts with regard to technology transfer in the life sciences will need to recognize its importance without ignoring concerns or overestimating benefits. Next steps include better monitoring of university-industry relationships, the development of a better data system, the dissemination of best practices in technology transfer management, and evaluation of national technology-transfer policies.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2002

[Plastic micro-tips for drug delivery].

Removal or exact transfer of minimum substance volumes from reservoirs or microfluidic systems may be accomplished by means of miniaturized tips with integrated through-going capillaries. Applications in biomedical engineering, e.g. for the application of drugs, or in life sciences, e.g. equipping of microarrays, require the use of disposable plastic products for hygienic reasons and reasons of costs. For this purpose, a method to fabricate microtips out of plastic by doublesided molding has been developed at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2026

Pithos - a scalable and secure data container for FAIR-compliant research data management in life sciences.

Modern research techniques have led to exponential growth in the volume and complexity of scientific data. Consequently, managing these volumes securely and efficiently has become a major challenge. While all research domains face these challenges, life science research is particularly affected because current approaches often rely on a large set of different file formats, with metadata stored in separated databases or spreadsheets. This leads to fragmented datasets, orphaned data, and compromised research reproducibility. Traditional solutions also force researchers to choose between security and accessibility, with encrypted files preventing selective access and indexed formats lacking adequate security for sensitive data. These limitations are particularly problematic in large-scale genomic studies where researchers must decompress multi-gigabyte files to access specific regions, creating computational bottlenecks and inefficient network usage when working with cloud-stored datasets. We introduce Pithos, a next-generation file format specifically designed for scientific data management in distributed cloud environments. The format uses content-defined chunking to enable efficient deduplication across distributed storage systems, thereby reducing storage costs and bandwidth requirements. The append-only structure ensures data immutability and allows for incremental updates without compromising content. Benchmark results show that Pithos outperforms existing solutions in read and write performance, with comparable or improved storage efficiency.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The extent of imposture].

This paper comments on Sokal and Bricmont's stance towards interdisciplinary approaches between the human and natural sciences, as stated in their controversial book Impostures Intellectuelles (Fashionable Nonsense) (1999). It happens that interdisciplinary is a subject of major importance to "new paradigms" in Public Health. First, the paper identifies different types of interaction between these "two cultures", such as transdisciplinary trends and the "Science Wars", and emphasizes their unproductive aspects. Second, it proposes a re-evaluation of pragmatism as a suitable way of including philosophical considerations in interdisciplinary Public Health research, exemplified by a correlation between the ideas of Henri Atlan (1991) and notions of risk theory (or model).

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed2004

[Science, technique, and culture: relations between risk and health practices].

This article discusses the cultural consequences of discourses and practices aimed at training subjects for a rational, informed choice in relation to risks, calculated on the basis of scientific knowledge. The epidemiological risk concept is a central element in this process, especially in the context of health practices. The article begins by briefly characterizing the epidemiological risk concept, emphasizing that as an abstract model, it reduces the complexity of the phenomena it studies. Grasping reality through this abstraction generates values and meanings. Canguilhem's reflection on the relations between science, technique, and life is further discussed from the perspective of deepening an understanding of the cultural consequences of this process, contributing to the transformation of classical concepts of individuality, autonomy, and sociability. Such vital themes as individuality, alterity, and the relationship with death are present (albeit disguised) in issues that involve the central nature of risk in the contemporary world.

Biological Science Disciplines↗