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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Some enzyme interrelationships in serum and organs of Egyptian camel.

In 7 normal healthy Egyptian one-humped camels aged 3-4 years, the relationships were studied between enzyme activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and cholonesterase (CHE) of serum and organs as well as between ACP and ALP and between LDH and CPK. Liver, heart, kidney, and spleen tissue samples as well as serum were analysed for total enzyme activity. The following results were obtained: --The heart was the organ with the highest activities of ALP, LDH, and CPK, and it contained high values of CHE, whereas the lowest activities of all enzymes were recorded from serum. The spleen exhibited of the highest activity of ACP. --Each of the serum enzymes ALP, LDH, and CHE were in strong inverse relationship with the corresponding enzymes in the liver. Strong inverse relationships existed also between serum LDH and kidney LDH as well as between CPK in serum and heart. --Direct relationships were remarkable serum LDH and that of spleen and heart as well as between serum ACP and that of liver and heart. --Interrelationships were inverse between ACP and ALP in liver, kidney, and heart, but weak direct interrelationships were characteristic between the 2 enzymes in serum and spleen. --LDH was inversely interrelated with CPK in serum and heart.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1988

Cholinergic innervation of the tongue of the one humped camel, Camelus dromedarius.

Distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve profiles in the tongue of camel has been studied by histochemical methods. The tongue is richly innervated by cholinergic nerve profiles as is evidenced by the presence of numerous nerve fibres at different levels. There is noted strong cholinesterase positive reaction close to the lateral border of the circumvallate papillae (in the region of the taste buds) and the upper border of the fungiform papillae. Numerous nerve fibres have been observed in the connective tissue core of all the lingual papillae. Adrenergic nerve terminals could not be observed in the taste buds though numerous adrenergic nerve fibres could be seen in and around the blood vessels. Rich cholinergic innervation of the blood vessels has also been noted in the tongue.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Electron microscopic studies on the thymus of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The thymus of young camels contained 2 main cell types: lymphocytes and epithelial reticular cells (ER). 3 types of ER cells were observed and described. 2 types from these cells showed secretory activities, meanwhile, the third type had well developed tonofilaments. Hassall's corpuscles were noted in the medulla and were composed of degenerative concentrically arranged ER cells. The functional morphology of the above mentioned structures was discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae of the one humped camel, Camelus dromedarius.

The dorsum of the camel tongue shows filiform, fungiform, circumvallate and special (wart-like) papillae. Filiform papillae are conical in shape and show different heights and thicknesses at various levels. Fungiform papillae are rounded and are surrounded by robust filiform papillae. They can also be observed on the tip of the ventral surface. They have taste pores on their surfaces. Circumvallate papillae are encircled by a primary groove and an annular pad. Their taste pores open into the grooves. A special type of filiform papillae is wart-like and has been observed on the posterior portion. These do not show taste pores.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Heterogeneity of the histological features along the course of the facial vein of the desert camel (Camelus dromedarius): relevance to brain cooling.

Sections from different parts along the facial vein of the camel (Camelus dromedarius) were examined by light microscopy. The results demonstrated heterogeneity among the various segments. Particular attention was paid to a specific area in the buccal region which was previously shown by physiological experiments to have a temperature-dependent myogenic tone. The morphology of that area showed highly thickened media with prominent bands of circularly disposed smooth muscles infiltrating both the intima and the adventitia. The morphology described in this study correlates well with the function and gives further credence to the proposed role of the facial vein in cranial thermoregulation particularly under heat stress.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Blood constituents in relation to the reproductive state in she-camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Progesterone, enzymes, minerals, trace elements, and total protein were determined in the blood serum of nine non-pregnant, early, mid-, and late pregnant as well as puerperal camels, and were assessed in their relation to the reproductive state. The progesterone level followed by the copper level reaches peak values at mid-pregnancy. The zinc level decreases with increasing pregnancy, alkaline phosphatase increases. Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia occur towards the end of pregnancy; the total protein content increases. Surprisingly, the manganese level remained more or less constant.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1987

Chronic obstructive mastitis in the camel. A clinicopathological study.

Unilateral chronic mastitis in three she camels was due to obstruction of the teat canal by keratin. This lead to dilatation of the ducts, retention of milk and secondary bacterial infection. The teat canals and dilated ducts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium. There was excessive periductal fibrosis. Pasteurella hemolytica was isolated from one animal and Staphylococcus aureus from another. The fluid from the third animal was sterile. The condition was treated successfully by surgical amputation of the affected halves of the udder.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Comparative studies on poxvirus strains isolated from camels.

Five poxvirus strains isolated from camels in Egypt, Iran and the U.S.S.R. were investigated. The morphology and size of the negatively stained virions of the investigated strains were identical. The strains produced minute white pock lesions localized mainly on the infected area of the chorioallantoic membrane, without generalization of lesions or death of embryos. The ceiling temperature and the haemagglutinating activity of the different strains were different. All the strains were apathogenic for rabbit skin and highly pathogenic for mice inoculated intracerebrally. Serologically, all the strains were related to vaccinia virus but with different degrees. The studied strains had the characteristics of members of the genus Orthopoxvirus.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Thyroid hormones, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the camel.

Thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in the serum of clinically healthy male camels. Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine levels, which were assayed by an immunoabsorbent method, were not correlated with either age or cholesterol levels.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

A histochemical study on the innervation of the pancreas of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Autonomic innervation of the pancreas of the camel has been studied using histochemical techniques for the demonstration of adrenergic and cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase-positive) nerves. Both extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the pancreas were found. Distinct peri-acinar, perivascular, peri-insular and periductal plexuses were found as well as both adrenergic and cholinergic ganglia. The role of the autonomic nerves in the synthesis and release of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin is discussed.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Halothane anaesthesia in the dromedary camel.

It was shown that the effects of halothane anaesthesia in the dromedary are similar to those of large domestic ruminants. As a general rule the equipment and techniques used for adult cattle may also be used in the dromedary. Endotracheal intubation may be more difficult in camels because of their narrow oral cavities. Involuntary regurgitation is a particular hazard in dromedaries and every effort should be made to avoid this potentially life threatening complication.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of the intrahepatic bile duct system of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The ultrastructure of the intrahepatic bile duct system of the camel was studied. Bile canaliculi are present as cavities containing numerous microvilli between adjacent hepatic cells. They are lined with cuboidal cells surrounded by a basal lamina. The lateral plasma membranes of adjacent cells form extensive evaginations below tight junctions at the lumenal surface. The basal surface is open. Collagen bundles are arranged mainly in parallel to the duct.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Morphological and histochemical studies of the mandibular salivary glands of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The morphology, and nerve and blood supply of the mandibular salivary glands of the one-humped camel were studied in detail. The intraglandular portion of the duct system was also examined. The micromorphological and histochemical studies showed that the mandibular glands are of the tubuloacinar type. The secretory cells are of two types; (1) Mucous cells grouped into secretory tubules and acini, and (2) seromucoid cells grouped into acini and demilunes. These demilunes are associated with the mucous acini. The interlobular excretory ducts and the mandibular duct contain globlet cells between their lining epithelium.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1984

Studies on the poll glands of the one-humped camel in relation to reproductive activity. I. Seasonal morphological and histochemical changes.

The poll glands of the camel have been studied histologically and histochemically. An active gland, as observed between September and March, with a peak period in November and December, consists of sharply demarcated lobules separated by thin strands of connective tissue. Alveoli and proximal parts of excretory ducts are either lined with flat/simple cuboidal epithelium or with tall cells possessing distal protruding tips almost occluding the lumina; both segments, i.e. alveolus and proximal part of excretory duct, are therefore secretory. In the inactive gland there is an apparent increase in the interlobular stroma with massive deposition of collagenous fibres. The alveoli are lined with squamous to low columnar epithelium. The structural appearance in the castrate animal is essentially the same as that of the inactive gland except for its remarkable amount of interlobular tissue. Both delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases have been demonstrated histochemically in the secretory portions of the gland. Their activity is restricted to the period between September and March and is comparatively highest during November and December. It is concluded that the morphological, enzymatic and secretory activities of the poll gland are correlated with testicular activity and rutting behaviour. It is suggested that the poll glands could be a source of sex pheromones.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Haemodynamics, blood gas and metabolic changes after anaesthesia with chloral hydrate and magnesium sulphate in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

The effects of chloral hydrate and magnesium sulphate (1:1, 10 per cent solution) were evaluated in six healthy adult camels. A dose of 1 ml kg-1 was used. These agents produced satisfactory anaesthesia with good muscle relaxation. The changes in the electroencephalogram showed that the anaesthetic effect lasted for 45 to 60 minutes. Tachycardia and hypotension were moderate and within safe limits. Electrocardiogram studies showed ST segment elevation and primary T wave changes. The acid-base status, blood gas tensions, haemoglobin concentration, blood glucose level and the plasma concentration of total protein, sodium, potassium and chloride were not altered.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1984

Preliminary pharmacokinetic study of isometamidium chloride in camels.

Isometamidium chloride was given to camels at a single intravenous dose rate of 0.5 or 1 mg kg-1 and the plasma drug concentration measured spectrophotometrically at frequent intervals for up to 48 hours. Isometamidium chloride concentrations were found to be 9.8 +/- 0.2 and 8.7 +/- 0.2 micrograms ml-1 half an hour after treatment with 1 and 0.5 mg kg-1, respectively, and 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.3 micrograms ml-1 after 24 hours. No measurable drug concentration was found 48 hours after dosing.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in dromedary camels.

The anthelmintic activity of ivermectin when administered orally and subcutaneously at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight was evaluated in 4 trials involving 20 dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Fecal egg counts were made on the day of treatment and at 2, 4, and 10 weeks after treatment. Trichostrongylid egg counts were reduced by a maximum of 100% when ivermectin was administered orally and by greater than 88% when given subcutaneously. Egg counts of Trichuris spp were reduced by greater than 85% with oral administration, but increased following subcutaneous treatment. No adverse local or systemic reactions were observed following treatment with ivermectin by either route.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

The prenatal development of the skin in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The epidermis of the camel started its development as a single layer of cuboical cells. The second layer occurred at the fetal stage of C RL 5 cm and the intermediate cell layer at the C RL 10 cm-stage. In the C RL 83 cm - fetus the epidermis is differentiated into the Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum and Stratum corneum. In the dermis the collagenic and reticular fibres were observed in the 2 cm - fetus, and the elastic ones at the C RL 20 cm - stage.

Animals↗