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PubMed1994

[Relations between pathology and immunity in cysticercosis].

Human Taenia solium cysticercosis is identified as a main Public Health problem in many developing countries, such as Mexico, India or Madagascar. In this paper are presented the complex relationships between the anatomical position of the cysts, the associated pathology and the immune reactions observed in the laboratory. Detecting specific antibodies, or circulating antigens in a near future, in serum or cerebrospinal fluid is not enough for a reliable diagnosis. A crucial aspect remains concentrated on the use of computed tomography in a first step.

Cysticercosis↗

PubMed1994

[Intraspinal manifestation of cysticercosis--Cysticercus racemosus. A case report and review of the literature].

Neurocysticercosis is one of the most common, world-wide parasitic diseases of the central nervous system. On the basis of a case report and a review of the literature, the present paper describes the rare course of an intraspinal cysticercus racemosus infection. In conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography it is necessary to consider conventional myelography occupies an important position in the diagnosis of spinal manifestations of cysticercosis, cross-reactions, especially with Echinococcus antigens, by means of serological tests. In addition to the desirable surgical removal of the cysts, drug therapy with praziquantel and albendazole may be employed. Albendazole has recently been authorized for use in Germany.

Albendazole↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnosis of human cysticercosis with ELISA].

An analysis of immunodiagnostic data for human cysticercosis by ELISA in 1,052 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples obtained directly from patients or their physicians from different hospitals during 1989-1991, as a result of the diagnostic support service that has been offered to the medical community since 1976, was performed. Overall positivity was 18 per cent. This value was slightly lower when only CSF was analysed (14%) and lowest in the case of serum samples (4%). Analysis of the CSF positivity in ELISA with respect to imaging findings yielded a predictive value of 93 per cent while in cases of excision of cysticerci by neurosurgery 67 per cent sensitivity was obtained. The high positive predictive value, the specificity and the sensitivity of ELISA indicate that this assay is useful to confirm the imaging diagnosis of neurocysticercosis when CSF is used or it can be used as a diagnostic alternative when imaging studies are not available.

Cysticercosis↗

PubMed1993

Cysticercosis: unusual neuro-ophthalmologic signs.

Papilledema and pretectal signs are the usual neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of cysticercosis. The following patients with severe posterior fossa involvement exhibited uncommon signs of bilateral fourth nerve palsy, facial myokymia, upbeat nystagmus, periodic alternating nystagmus, and rhythmic oculopalatal myoclonus.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytomorphologic panorama of cysticercosis on fine needle aspiration. A review of 298 cases.

Definitive identification of detached hooklets, scolex and fragments of the spiral wall of Cysticercus cellulosae on fine needle aspiration smears was documented. A critical review of aspirates from 200 diagnosed and 98 suspected lesions of soft tissue and intramuscular cysticercosis was done. Characteristic fragments of bladder wall cytomorphologically corresponding to viable or partially necrotic lesions were seen in 203 cases. Identification of fragments of an invaginated larva (i.e., hooklets, scolex or spiral wall) established the diagnosis in 33 of the suspected lesions. Cytomorphologically all these cases were from either necrotic or calcified lesions. In necrotic lesions with eosinophils, a careful search for fragments of the invaginated portion of the larva should be made.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Taeniasis and cysticercosis.

This article focuses on clinical issues of taeniasis and cysticercosis, including a comprehensive review of the clinical data, standard and latest chemotherapy, modern concepts of pathogenesis, conventional and advanced diagnostic tests, current epidemiology, and effective means of control. Fundamental parasitology is covered to familiarize physicians and scientists with the latest concepts of parasites.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of cysticercosis. A case report.

A case of cysticercosis was initially diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). A tender, hard mass in a muscle was clinically suspected of being a benign tumor. An FNAB smear showed many eosinophils and a part of cestode. After 10 minutes the patient felt a short-lived local hot sensation and pain. The diagnosis was confirmed on a histologic section of an incisional biopsy specimen from another site.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Diagnostic significance of eosinophilia of the cerebrospinal fluid in cerebral cysticercosis.

Examination of eosinophilia of CSF in 17 cases with cerebral cysticercosis was reported. Eosinophilia was observed in 9 of the 17 cases (52.9%), and its significance in the early diagnosis and in immune response was discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[A surgical case of solitary cerebral cysticercosis].

A surgical case of solitary cerebral cysticercosis is presented with a review of the literature. A 41 year-old female was admitted to our institute with generalized convulsion. Physical and neurological findings on admission were unremarkable. CT scan revealed a ring-like enhanced mass with perifocal edema in the right rectal gyrus. On MRI, the cyst wall showed iso-signal intensity on T1 weighted image (T1WI) and was markedly enhanced by gadolinium. The cyst fluid showed low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2-weighted image (T2WI). Obvious perifocal edema was seen on T2WI. Laboratory findings were all normal. The mass was totally removed surgically via the right subfrontal route. It was an extraaxial mass and had no attachment to the dura. Histological examination revealed the presence of the scolex, hooklets, and suckers, characteristic of cysticercus. The patient was administered praziquantel at 1200 mg/day for 3 days after surgery. In this case, Taenia solium could not be found in spite of various examinations and sexual transmission was also denied after interview. One possibility was transmission via fresh vegetables grown with excretal compost contaminated with the eggs of T. solium, as the patient often ate spicy pickles called Kimuchi imported from Korea. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of transmission via contaminated fresh vegetables in patients who have never even been to an endemic area, or who have never eaten raw pork.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Subcutaneous Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis in a dog.

Taenia crassiceps larvae, typically found in rodents, were recovered from fluctuant subcutaneous cystic lesions in a dog. Differential diagnosis included Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis, other metacestode infections, and pseudotumoral skin diseases.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A probable case of a cysticercosis presenting as an incidental intracranial calcification on a lateral cephalogram.

A 42-year-old female in whom intracranial calcifications were incidentally identified on a lateral cephalogram is presented. Follow-up CT scans and her social history led to the most probable diagnosis of cysticercosis, an infestation by larva of the tapeworm Taenia solium, of the brain. A differential diagnosis of intracranial calcifications on plain film skull views is presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Ocular cysticercosis (O.C.) in Madagascar (apropos of 6 cases)].

Cysticercosis is due to cysticercus cellulosae and was know since a long time. Human is an intermediate occasional host by ingesting accidentally eggs of tenia. In Madagascar, neurocysticercosis are predominating (55%), occular localisations are not frequent (5%) and concerned particularly vitreous humour and retina. Diagnosis relies on serology: Elisa test, then Western Blot completed with research of circulating antibody and antigen in the acqueous humor by immocapture. Anatomopathologic test permits to confirm the diagnosis. Contribution of tomodensitometry is not conclusive therapeutic is summed up to a specific and symptomatic treatment with surgical extirpation when out means allow it.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Epilepsy caused by cysticercosis. Apropos of a sociological and cultural investigation conducted at Savalou in Benin].

Neurocysticercosis has been detected at Savalou, place situated in the center of Bénin. The prevalence of epilepsy was 1.52% (22 out of 1443) and of cysticercosis, 3.95% (57 out of 1443). It was then necessary to appreciate the socio-cultural and environmental dimension which could explain the propagation of the disease and to look for contingent durable and adapted solutions for its eradication. The collect of information has been done through observation of the environment, interviews and group-discussions. A sample of 104 persons has been obtained through a probation at three degrees. At the end of the survey, the characteristics of the population and the ecosystem of the investigated region has been studied, as well as the impact of professionals in traditional medicine and the difficulties of the epileptic man in his socio-cultural environment. The development of an appropriate ethnomedicine is suggested in the setting of a sanitary education on neurocysticercosis.

Benin↗

PubMed1996

[Intravitreous cysticercosis. Spontaneous course. Apropos of a case].

We report a case of intravitreous cysticercosis in a 54-year-old woman from Madagascar. Since the patient refused surgical treatment, the lesion evolved toward blindness. The authors highlight the interest of surgical treatment and discuss the role of praziquantel which might increase local inflammatory reactions with subsequent severe damage.

Cysticercosis↗

PubMed1997

An uncommon presentation of cysticercosis.

This is a report of a sudden death which turned out to be an unexpected case of neurocysticercosis. Most doctors nowadays expect cerebral cysticercosis to present with seizures and have forgotten its other clinical manifestations.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Spinal cysticercosis.

Cysticercosis of the spinal cord is rare. A case is reported in a 40-year-old Hindu. Compression of the spinal cord by the cyst which was located in the arachnoid membrane resulted in a paraplegia. Removal of the cyst resulted in marked improvement.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mass treatment against human taeniasis for the control of cysticercosis: a population-based intervention study.

An intervention study with mass treatment against taeniasis to prevent neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium in a rural community in Mexico was performed in 1991-96. Information and biological samples were obtained at the beginning of the study, at 6 months and at 42 months after mass treatment with praziquantel at a single dose of 5 mg/kg. Prevalence rates of taeniasis were measured by the detection of Taenia coproantigens and Taenia eggs in faeces; neurocysticercosis was suggested by clinical data and by serum antibodies in humans and also in swine. A reduction of 53% after 6 months and of 56% after 42 months for human taeniasis was seen after treatment. Late-onset general seizures decreased 70%. Anti-cysticercus antibodies in the human population were reduced by 75% after 42 months. Antibodies in pigs also showed a significant reduction of 55% after 6 months. In conclusion, an impact of mass chemotherapy against taeniasis to control cysticercosis in the short and long term was demonstrated. Praziquantel for tapeworm treatment should not be given at doses lower than 10 mg/kg. Late-onset convulsive crisis and specific antibodies are good indicators of neurocysticercosis and of exposure to the parasite, respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral cysticercosis and echinococcosis: a preoperative diagnostic dilemma.

BACKGROUND: Seven cases of neurocysticercosis and three cases of neuroechinococcosis with symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure requiring urgent neurosurgical treatment are described. No neuroradiologic procedure established exact diagnosis preoperatively; this was achieved by pathohistologic analysis of bioptic material. METHODS: Ten patients with duration of clinical symptoms ranging from 1 week to 1 month were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery of Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital in Zagreb, Croatia during the period 1988-2000. On receipt, bioptical material was examined pathohistologically at the Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology of the same hospital. We compared our data with facts collected by reviewing the pertinent literature over the past 10 years. RESULTS: The most common localization of parasitic cysts in our study was posterior cranial fossa, i.e., subtentorial, which, according to the literature, is a rare localization. Due to this unusual localization, dominant clinical symptoms included elevated intracranial pressure, requiring urgent surgical removal of parasitic cysts. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of the epidemiologic aspect, cerebral cysticercosis and echinococcosis are important as a true diagnostic and therapeutic problem. These human parasitic zoonoses are rarely diagnosed preoperatively despite newly developed neuroradiologic and serologic methods, especially in cases of primary appearance in brain when exact diagnosis reveals adequate surgical removal with subsequent complete recovery.

Adult↗