Attenuation of hypothermic retrograde amnesia produced by pharmacologic blockage of brain seizures.
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Amnesia↗
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Results for “Cold Temperature”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Effect of body temperature on the ventilatory response to exercise.
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Adult↗
Cooling mediates the ventilatory depression associated with airflow through the larynx.
Although constant airflow through the upper airway has been shown to induce ventilatory depression in anesthetized newborn animals, the role of laryngeal temperature in this response has not been studied. Experiments were performed in fourteen 1-5 day-old anesthetized puppies breathing through a tracheostomy. Tidal volume and laryngeal temperature were recorded while a constant stream of air (15-25 ml/sec) at room temperature was passed in the expiratory direction for 20 sec through the isolated upper airway. Warm (35-37 degrees C), humidified air at the same flow served as control. When laryngeal temperature was decreased by 7.5 +/- 0.9 degrees C, a marked change in breathing pattern was observed (VT = 54 +/- 5, TI = 187 +/- 33, TE = 636 +/- 179, VT/TI = 45 +/- 10% of control; n = 9). Warm air at the same flow induced no significant changes. Superior laryngeal nerve section abolished the effects of cooling on breathing pattern. In 5 puppies we compared the effect of 'fast' and 'slow' laryngeal cooling. Fast trials altered breathing pattern earlier than slow trials. We conclude that the depressant effect of airflow through the upper airway is entirely due to a decrease in laryngeal temperature and is mediated by superior laryngeal nerve afferents.
Animals↗
Intensity coding and luxotonic activity in the ground squirrel lateral geniculate nucleus.
The responses of contrast-sensitive cells in the ground squirrel LGN were studied. In most cells the response to an on-off stimulus was comprised of two components: a sustained on and a transient on-off. The sustained component amplitude was a power function of the light intensity and disappeared altogether at low temperature while the transient component was insensitive to the light intensity and to a drop in temperature. These cells were also luxotonic; they increased their average firing rate when the intensity of a steady stimulus was increased. The possible relation of the luxotonic activity to the diurnal nature of the ground squirrel is discussed.
Action Potentials↗
Kidney cooling in partial nephrectomy. Evaluation of a technique.
A technique of cooling the isolated human kidney by immersing it in a plastic bag filled with iced saline slush is described. This technique is simple, swift to perform, requires no specialized equipment, and is inexpensive; it has proved to be effective and safe.
Animals↗
Antagonism of physostigmine induced hypothermia and neuroendocrine changes following exposure to different environmental temperatures.
1. The magnitude of physostigmine-induced hypothermia increased with decreasing environmental temperature. 2. The hypothermic response was accompanied by significant changes in plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose and fatty acids. 3. Central cholinergic mediation appears to be a significant component of physostigmine-induced hypothermia and neuroendocrine changes at moderate temperature. 4. At lower ambient temperatures cholinergic blockers produced less antagonism of physostigmine-induced effects. 5. The decreased effectiveness of cholinergic blockers at low environmental temperatures and the increased plasma fatty acid levels under almost all conditions studied may be of importance in considering long term therapy with cholinergic agonists.
Animals↗
Effect of reduced acclimation temperature on responses of frog cold receptors.
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Action Potentials↗
Heart rates in the captive, free-ranging beaver.
1. Heart rates of beaver (Castor canadensis) under free-ranging captive conditions for active behaviors and resting in water (approximately 121 beats/min) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than for resting on land (100 beats/min). 2. Although no transient recovery tachycardia was evident in swimming heart rates following diving, average swimming heart rates were higher (127 beats/min) after diving than after other precursor behaviors (123 beats/min). 3. Beaver exhibited bradycardia when sleeping (75 beats/min), diving (61 beats/min), and when threatened on land (57 beats/min). 4. The respiratory sinus arrhythmia indicated a respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min. 5. Cold temperatures (approximately 0 degree C) elicited higher heart rates than did warmer temperatures (approximately 20 degrees C) in active, non-diving behaviors (P less than 0.05).
Animals↗
The thermal biology of the white-tailed rat Mystromys albicaudatus, a cricetine relic in southern temperate African grassland.
This study examines the hypothesis that Mystromys albicaudatus, a cricetine relic in southern Africa, has thermal characteristics typical of a rodent adapted to a cold temperature regime. Metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) of M. albicaudatus was measured using open-flow respirometry at ambient temperatures ranging from 5 degrees C to 35 degrees C. Lowest specific oxygen consumption was 1.352 +/- 0.089 ml O2 g-1hr-1 (n = 8; body mass = 93.78 +/- 6.27 g) at 25 degrees C, equivalent to 121.8% of the predicted value of Kleiber (1975), 128.8% of the value predicted for eutherians and 113.7% of the value predicted for cricetidae (Hayssen and Lacy, 1985).
Africa↗
Cooling down to hibernate: sleep and hibernation constitute a physiological continuum of energy conservation.
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Animals↗
A comparative study on the uptake of ascorbic acid by the iris-ciliary body of the rabbit, guinea pig and rat.
1. The uptake of 14C-ascorbic acid by the iris-ciliary body in vitro was examined in the rabbit, guinea pig and rat. 2. It was observed that iris-ciliary body from the rabbit and guinea pig, but not the rat, accumulated 14C-ascorbate to levels exceeding that in the bathing medium. 3. In all three species, the uptake of 14C-ascorbate was diminished by cold temperature; the degree of uptake at 0 degrees C was similar in the rabbit, guinea pig and rat iris-ciliary body. 4. Chromatographic examination of the 14C accumulated by the rabbit and guinea pig tissue demonstrated that the label remains almost exclusively as 14C-ascorbate.
Animals↗
Loss of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain following in vitro polytron homogenization.
The receptor specific binding of [3H]SCH23390 and [3H]spiperone to rat striatal membranes and [3H]QNB to rat cortical membranes was significantly reduced if the membrane suspensions were subjected to polytron homogenization. The degree of loss of the binding sites was a function of the polytron speed (setting) and the length of time of homogenization. Although the loss of binding sites could be reduced by maintaining a cold temperature of the tissue suspension during polytron homogenization, significant loss of binding sites could not be prevented. As many as 75% of the binding sites could be lost following polytron homogenization under the conditions employed in the present experiments. However, no significant change in the affinity of the remaining binding sites was observed. The loss of binding sites is not likely due to small tissue fragments passing through the filters. Care should be taken during tissue homogenization using a polytron or similar equipment to ensure that loss of receptor binding sites is minimized or remains constant between individual samples.
Animals↗
Death time estimation in case work. I. The rectal temperature time of death nomogram.
A rectal temperature time of death nomogram was developed on the basis of physical considerations, the two-exponential term of Marshall and Hoare (J. Forensic Sci., 7 (1962) 56-81), further studies of literature and our own experimental body coolings. The Nomogram Method is based on a single measurement of the rectal temperature. The result is obtained immediately at a scene of crime without any mental arithmetic. Support in the practical application of the method and data for the accuracy of estimated death time are given. Special problems and its limitations are discussed. The Nomogram Method is compared with other temperature methods of estimating the time since death.
Algorithms↗
Effect of environmental temperature and undernutrition on collagen aging.
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Aging↗
MR imaging assisted temperature calculations during cryosurgery.
MRI has the potential of becoming an important imaging modality for monitoring the extent of the frozen region during cryosurgery. However, while the temperature history inside the frozen region is of utmost importance in determining the likely outcome of a cryosurgical procedure, it cannot be accessed directly through MRI because of the extremely low signal produced by the frozen region. We have developed a new MRI-assisted numerical technique that can calculate and display the temperature distribution in the frozen region on a standard MR image. The technique combines MR imaging data with a finite difference formulation of the energy equation. Here, the technique is described and experimental results that verify the technique are shown.
Algorithms↗
The golden hour in heat stroke: use of iced peritoneal lavage.
A case of heat stroke is described in which the patient presented comatose with a rectal temperature exceeding 42.5 degrees C. Standard external evaporative cooling and iced gastric lavage failed to alter his temperature or mental status. Iced peritoneal lavage brought about a decrease in rectal temperature to 39.4 degrees C and significant improvement in mental status. The patient recovered uneventfully. Techniques of rapid cooling are discussed.
Body Temperature↗
Identifying decomposition products in extracts of cellular metabolites.
Most methods of analyzing intracellular metabolites require extraction of metabolites from the cells. A concern in these methods is underestimation of metabolite levels due to incomplete extraction. In comparing extraction methods, then, it would seem that the best method for extracting a particular metabolite is the one that gives the largest yield. In extracting Escherichia coli with different methanol:water mixtures, we observed that >or=50% water gave an increased yield of nucleosides and bases compared with <or=20% water, as determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the resulting extracts. Spiking of the extracts with isotope-labeled nucleotides revealed, however, that the high yield of nucleosides and bases occurred due to decomposition of nucleotides in the water-rich condition, not due to good extraction. Spiking combined with isotope labeling provides a general approach to detecting decomposition products in extracts of cellular metabolites. For extraction of E. coli with methanol:water, cold temperature and a high methanol fraction minimize artifacts due to metabolite decomposition.
Chromatography, Liquid↗
Translocation (8;22) in cold agglutinin disease associated with B-cell lymphoma.
Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a hemolytic anemia due to anti-red cell autoantibodies that are reactive at cold temperatures. In the elderly, it may be associated with underlying B-cell lymphoma, usually a lympho-plasmacytic lymphoma variant. We report a case of CAD in an elderly Indonesian female, which was associated with a B-cell lymphoma that showed a histologic appearance consistent with large-cell lymphoma. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of trisomies 3 and 12, which have been reported previously in B-cell lymphoma associated with CAD. In addition, a t(8;22) was found in 24 out of 28 metaphases. Translocation (8;22) is associated with Burkitt lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, French-American-British subtype L3. It has not been previously reported in B-cell lymphoma asssociated with CAD, and could represent a blastic transformation of the underlying B-cell lymphoma.
Aged↗