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PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal chlamydial infections in Massachusetts, 1992-1993.

INTRODUCTION: An increase in the numbers of babies reported with Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Massachusetts prompted a review of the medical records of both infants and mothers to evaluate the clinical presentation, the maternal epidemiologic profile, risks of transmission, and the screening practices of health care providers. METHODS: Medical records of 44/47 infants reported with a chlamydial infection in 1992-1993 were analyzed, as were 40 of the maternal records. RESULTS: Almost all of the infants (39, or 89%) had conjunctivitis, despite the fact that ocular prophylaxis with erythromycin was documented at birth for 34 infants. Five other infants presented with respiratory tract infections without conjunctivitis, and they had all received prophylaxis at birth either with erythromycin (3) or silver nitrate instillation (2). More than one fifth (10, or 22.7%) had a respiratory tract infection. Seventy percent of the mothers were younger than 25. More than 85% were receiving prenatal care by the end of the second trimester. Twenty-five (62.5%) were screened for chlamydia. Nine women tested positive, seven of whom were tested beyond the first trimester. Seventy-five percent of the women who tested negative were tested in the first trimester. DISCUSSION: This case series supports previous data documenting that ocular prophylaxis can fail to prevent neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis, and does not prevent colonization or infection at other sites. This study reinforces the importance of primary prevention of neonatal infections through prenatal screening in the third trimester, treatment of infected mothers and their sexual partner(s), and active follow-up.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and laboratory assessment of therapeutic efficacy of maxaquin in treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis].

Maxaquin (lomefloxacin), a new fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was used in combined therapy of chlamydial conjunctivitis. The results of treatment of 72 patients were assessed by the clinical manifestations and the laboratory time course of Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in smears from the conjunctiva, detected by enzyme immunoassay. Clinical and laboratory findings proved the high efficacy of the drug and its advantages over traditional therapy and other fluoroquinolones.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of ophthalmic chlamydiosis].

A total of 168 patients with various ocular diseases were tested for Chlamydia. Scrapings off the conjunctiva were examined by the fluorescent antibody technique with monoclonal antibodies. A high diagnostic efficacy of the method in patients with acute and, which is even more important, with the subacute form of ophthalmic chlamydiasis was demonstrated. Moreover, the method effectively diagnosed ophthalmic chlamydiasis in patients with inflammations of the anterior and median segments of the eye of obscure etiology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1959

Elementary-body virus isolated from clinical trachoma in California.

From an adult white resident of California with clinically typical early trachoma a virus was isolated by growth in embryonated eggs. Morphologically and serologically the virus belongs in the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group. When it is instilled into monkey eyes it produces acute follicular conjunctivitis with typical inclusion bodies.

California↗
PubMed1957

Etiology and differential diagnosis of non-trachomatous follicular conjunctivitis.

The author points out that while previously only follicular conjunctivitis of the inclusion or swimming-pool type, and of the Béal type, was classified as "acute follicular conjunctivitis", it is now necessary to enlarge this group to include at least four other clinical or etiological entities: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, acute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, Newcastle disease conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever. The author then defines and describes chronic follicular conjunctivitis, toxic follicular conjunctivitis (molluscum contagiosum) and folliculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic abacterial prostatitis: demonstration by colorimetric in situ hybridization.

Twenty-three transurethral resected prostate specimens with histologic evidence of chronic abacterial prostatitis were evaluated by colorimetric in situ hybridization for evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis. Intracellular chlamydia bodies were detected in seven of 23 cases (30.4%). In five of seven positive cases, chlamydia inclusion bodies were present within both epithelial cells and intraluminal histiocytes. In two of seven positive cases, extracellular chlamydia bodies were identified in conjunction with intraepithelial inclusions. In only one case were extraductal, extraacinar, intrahistiocytic inclusion bodies observed. Our study confirms previous reports implicating C trachomatis as an etiologic agent in chronic abacterial prostatitis, and underscores the applicability of DNA probes for the detection and identification of C trachomatis in routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1976

Relationship between SCR, heart rate and information processing.

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the amount of information processing in concept learning (CL) and autonomic physiological activity as measured by skin conductance response (SCR). Heart rate (HR) was also measured. Two conceptual rules were used: a conjunctive and an inclusive disjunctive concept. The results indicated that the SCR rose with increasing amount of information processing at the feedback during CL. Furthermore, it was shown that SCR increased with increasing difficulty of the conceptual rule. HR appeared not to vary with amount of information processing, nor with type of concept. In the conjunctive series, however, there was a significant difference between HR at stimulus presentation and HR at feedback.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed1995

Desmin-related neuromuscular disorders.

Desmin, the intermediate filament protein of skeletal muscle fibers, cardiac myocytes, and certain smooth muscle cells, is a member of the cytoskeleton linking Z-bands with the plasmalemma and the nucleus. The pathology of desmin in human neuromuscular disorders is always marked by increased amounts, diffusely or focally. Desmin is highly expressed in immature muscle fibers, both during fetal life and regeneration as well as in certain congenital myopathies, together with vimentin. Desmin is also enriched in neonatal myotonic dystrophy and small fibers in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Focal accretion of desmin may be twofold, in conjunction with certain inclusion bodies, cytoplasmic and spheroid bodies, and in a more patchy fashion, granulofilamentous material. Both lesions have been found in certain families, affected by a myopathy and/or cardiomyopathy. Other proteins, e.g., dystrophin, vimentin, actin, ubiquitin, and alpha-B crystallin, may also be overexpressed. Desmin pathology may be genetically regulated or may merely reflect profoundly impaired metabolism of several proteins within myofibers.

Desmin↗
PubMed2004

Strategies for the recovery of active proteins through refolding of bacterial inclusion body proteins.

Recent advances in generating active proteins through refolding of bacterial inclusion body proteins are summarized in conjunction with a short overview on inclusion body isolation and solubilization procedures. In particular, the pros and cons of well-established robust refolding techniques such as direct dilution as well as less common ones such as diafiltration or chromatographic processes including size exclusion chromatography, matrix- or affinity-based techniques and hydrophobic interaction chromatography are discussed. Moreover, the effect of physical variables (temperature and pressure) as well as the presence of buffer additives on the refolding process is elucidated. In particular, the impact of protein stabilizing or destabilizing low- and high-molecular weight additives as well as micellar and liposomal systems on protein refolding is illustrated. Also, techniques mimicking the principles encountered during in vivo folding such as processes based on natural and artificial chaperones and propeptide-assisted protein refolding are presented. Moreover, the special requirements for the generation of disulfide bonded proteins and the specific problems and solutions, which arise during process integration are discussed. Finally, the different strategies are examined regarding their applicability for large-scale production processes or high-throughput screening procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of abstinence from ethanol in alcoholic recipients following liver transplantation.

The prediction of abstinence from ethanol may be crucial to the optimal selection of liver transplantation candidates with alcoholism. Of 84 consecutive end-stage alcoholic patients who underwent transplantation (1986-1994) at our institution, we analyzed 63 long-surviving recipients for pretransplantation variables to predict posttransplantation abstinence (follow-up: 49.3 +/- 21 mo). Thirty-three pretransplantation variables were reviewed from our transplantation data base and supplemented and confirmed with interviews with recipients. The psycho-social inclusion criteria included the following: patient recognition of alcoholism, a domicile, an occupation, and at least one close personal relationship. The incidence of abstinence from ethanol was (50/63) 79%. A logistic regression of the 33 variables in conjunction with our above inclusion criteria accurately predicted abstinence (90% accuracy, chi2 model, P < .00001) based on the absence of previous history of any illicit drug use (Drug Use: yes = 1/no = 0), the presence of an active, personal life insurance policy (Life Ins: yes = 1/no = 0), number of alcoholic sisters (ETOH-SIS), and the length of pretransplantation abstinence (PRE-TRANS-ABS, mos): Prob. of abstinence = 1/1 + e(-F), F = -0.33 +/- 0.89 (DRUG USE) -1.02 (LIFE INS) -1.68 (ETOH-SIS) +0.24 (PRE-TRANS-ABS). In contrast, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis found that 7 and 9 months of pretransplantation abstinence were the best cut-off points in predicting subsequent abstinence, but poor utility was noted at these points with this specific value alone (sensitivity 61-84%, specificity 64-68%). A separate analysis of high-risk patients with poly-drug use (n = 15, alcohol recidivism 8/15, 53%) and the remaining low-risk group of purely alcohol dependent patients (n = 48, alcohol recidivism 5/48, 10%) found no combination of variables was predictive of abstinence in either group. The length of pretransplantation abstinence is a relatively poor predictor of posttransplantation abstinence. Variables of comorbid substance use, social function, and possibly family history are more predictive in conjunction with our standard criteria and might be useful as tools in evaluating liver transplantation candidates whose primary diagnosis is alcohol-induced cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Reiter's keratitis.

A distinctive keratitis occurs commonly in Reiter's syndrome. In three patients with Reiter's keratitis, two demonstrated the typical features of prodromal conjunctivitis, subepithelial and anterior stromal infiltrates, ragged epithelial erosions, and spontaneous resolution. A third case of rare, severe keratitis in addition had an associated finding of disciform keratitis. To our knowledge, this last finding has not previously been reported. Chlamydia has been implicated as an etiologic agent in Reiter's syndrome. Giemsa's stain of corneal epithelial cells in one of our patients disclosed intracytoplasmic inclusions that resembled those seen in Chlamydia-caused conjunctivitis. The patient also exhibited a rising serum titer to Chlamydia antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The Contribution of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration to Conjunctival Inclusion Cyst Formation.

Purpose: The incidence of inclusion cysts was examined histopathologically in conjunctival disorders where inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in the subepithelial connective tissue.Method: The incidence of inclusion cysts was examined histopathologically in pterygium, vernal conjunctivitis, pyogenic granuloma and pingueculitis. The specimens of pinguecula were used as control.Results: Inclusion cysts were recognized in 5/(55) cases of pterygium, 2/(12) cases of vernal conjunctivitis, 1/(4) cases of pyogenic granuloma, and 1/(2) cases of pingueculitis. On the other hand no inclusion cyst was recognized in 20 cases of pinguecula in which no inflammatory cell infiltration was seen.Conclusions: Inflammatory cell infiltration may contribute to the formation of conjunctival inclusion cysts in pterygium, pingueculitis, vernal conjunctivitis and pyogenic granuloma.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Older driver population and crash involvement trends, 1974-1988.

North Carolina motor vehicle crash data for even-numbered years 1974-1988, inclusive, are analyzed in conjunction with North Carolina population, licensed driver, and mileage data to examine trends in motor vehicle crash involvement by driver age, sex, and race. Crash rates per licensed driver are presented along with crash rates per estimated vehicle miles travelled calculated on the basis of induced exposure. Results focus particularly on older drivers. They show that older drivers' representation in the licensed driver population has increased at a greater rate than their representation in either the census or crash involvement populations. These trends are particularly strong for females and for nonwhites. Furthermore, crash rates have declined more for drivers aged 55 and older than for younger drivers. The greatest declines, both in terms of crashes per licensed driver and crashes per estimated miles travelled, have been experienced by drivers age 65 and older, particularly nonwhites. Males show higher overall crash rates per miles travelled than females, but this effect decreases with age and disappears entirely in the oldest age categories. Results are discussed in light of the changing nature of the overall driving population and the cohort of older drivers in particular.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

[The contribution of inflammatory cell infiltration to conjunctival inclusion cyst formation].

PURPOSE: The incidence of inclusion cysts was examined histopathologically in conjunctival disorders where inflammatory cell infiltration was seen in the subepithelial connective tissue. METHOD: The incidence of inclusion cysts was examined histopathologically in pterygium, vernal conjunctivitis, pyogenic granuloma and pingueculitis. The specimens of pinguecula were used as control. RESULTS: Inclusion cysts were recognized in 5/55 cases of pterygium, 2/12 cases of vernal conjunctivitis, 1/4 cases of pyogenic granuloma, and 1/2 cases of pingueculitis. On the other hand no inclusion cyst was recognized in 20 cases of pinguecula in which no inflammatory cell infiltration was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory cell infiltration may contribute to the formation of conjunctival inclusion cysts in pterygium, pingueculitis, vernal conjunctivitis and pyogenic granuloma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Chronic lead intoxication causes a brain-specific nuclear protein to accumulate in the nuclei of cells lining kidney tubules.

A characteristic feature of chronic lead intoxication is the induction of intranuclear inclusion bodies in cells lining kidney proximal tubules. These are relatively insoluble lead- and protein-rich structures which may serve a protective function by sequestering lead. The most abundant protein of isolated inclusion bodies, p32/6.3, has been partially characterized by use of a monoclonal antibody. As predicted by biochemical analysis, p32/6.3 occurs in kidney only in conjunction with lead intoxication and inclusion body formation. It does not accumulate in other tissues as a result of lead exposure. Unexpectedly, p32/6.3 was found to be a constitutive protein of adult brain, occurring primarily in the cerebral cortex. Within this tissue, both neurons and astrocytes contained p32/6.3. The brain p32/6.3 was concentrated in the insoluble nuclear protein or matrix fraction, a localization reminiscent of the intranuclear inclusion bodies from lead-exposed kidney. Brain p32/6.3 was detected in rat, mouse, dog, man, and chicken. In rat brain, the appearance of p32/6.3 was developmentally regulated. Only traces were detected 3 days after birth but within 1-2 weeks adult levels were achieved. The presence in brain of a protein which is involved in a potentially protective response to lead suggests that the brain may also have such a protective mechanism.

Age Factors↗