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Results for “DERMATITIS, ATOPIC”

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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Expression of 27 KD, 65 KD and 72/73 KD heat shock protein in atopic dermatitis: comparison with those in normal skin and contact dermatitis.

The expression of Heat Shock Protein (HPS) 72/73, HSP65 and HSP27 in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (n = 21) was studied and compared with that in contact dermatitis (n = 18) and normal skin (n = 9). Keratinocytes in the whole epidermis expressed both HSP65 and HSP72/73 with a membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear/perinuclear staining pattern much more intensely in atopic dermatitis than in contact dermatitis and normal subjects. In approximately half of the subjects with atopic dermatitis, infiltrating cells in the dermis expressed HSP65 and HSP72/73; this was not observed in contact dermatitis. HSP27 was expressed in the upper epidermis with a cytoplasmic or nuclear/perinuclear staining pattern in all groups. HSP27 was not expressed by infiltrating cells. A clinical evaluation of atopic dermatitis showed that more severe types of atopic dermatitis expressed more intense expression of HSP65 and HSP72/73, but not HSP27, in their skin lesions. These findings suggested that HSP65 and HSP72/73 may play roles in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Quantitative evaluation of eyelid elasticity using the cutometer SEM575 and its clinical application in assessing the efficacy of tacrolimus ointment treatment in eyelid atopic dermatitis.

PURPOSE: To study the clinical efficacy of a noninvasive suction device that measures eyelid skin elasticity in the treatment of eyelid atopic dermatitis using tacrolimus (FK-506) ointment. METHODS: Ten patients with eyelid atopic dermatitis treated with tacrolimus ointment and 10 normal volunteers participated in this study. The cutometer SEM575 was used to quantitatively evaluate eyelid skin elasticity. Severity of the eyelid atopic dermatitis was scored, and comparisons were made before and after treatment. RESULTS: Skin elasticity of patients with eyelid atopic dermatitis was significantly lower than that of normal volunteers (31.3 +/- 5.2% vs 40.2 +/- 7.8%, respectively). Skin elasticity of patients with eyelid atopic dermatitis improved significantly to 37.5 +/- 6.3% after treatment with tacrolimus ointment. The total severity score for eyelid atopic dermatitis also improved from 2.77 +/- 1.11 to 1.77 +/- 1.15. CONCLUSION: Measurement of skin elasticity using the cutometer SEM575 is a useful and reliable method for objective and quantitative evaluation of eyelid skin condition in patients with eyelid atopic dermatitis. The efficacy of short-term tacrolimus ointment treatment in patients with eyelid atopic dermatitis was confirmed quantitatively using this apparatus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a questionnaire for diagnosing atopic dermatitis.

In this paper we describe the development and validation of a questionnaire for atopic dermatitis used in population surveys in Denmark. The Danish questionnaire was developed from the UK Working Party's questionnaire for atopic dermatitis and includes a severity score. The study included 61 children aged 3 to 14 years recruited from our Department of Dermatology, two kindergartens and a primary school. A validator was appointed to evaluate whether each child had current or previous atopic dermatitis. Compared to the validator's diagnosis, the sensitivity of the UK Working Party criteria was 90% (95% CI; 74-98) and the specificity was 97% (95% CI; 82-99). The criteria for atopic dermatitis have a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing current atopic dermatitis, but the natural course of the disease complicates the validation of investigational instruments. We suggest that future epidemiological studies aimed at establishing new knowledge on atopic dermatitis should include history, current symptoms and findings and a severity score.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Induction of atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust mite.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenetic role of house dust mite in atopic dermatitis remains controversial. Recent studies have shown that intensive epicutaneous contact of house dust mite allergen with premanipulated skin may induce dermatitis. It is, however, uncertain whether such conditions are met during natural contact with house dust mite. In the past, allergen inhalation has been suggested to induce exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dermatitis could be induced in patients with atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust mite. METHODS: Twenty patients with atopic dermatitis underwent bronchial provocations with house dust mite. Challenge tests were performed with four concentrations of a standardized house dust mite extract in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled fashion. Spirometry was performed, and FEV1 was measured before and after each challenge dose. Changes in severity or localization of itching or erythema were recorded. RESULTS: In nine of 20 patients with atopic dermatitis bronchial challenge with house dust mite induced unequivocal skin symptoms after 1.5 to 17 hours. Pruritic erythematous lesions on noninvolved sites together with exacerbations of existing lesions were seen in three patients. Three patients had an exacerbation only, and three other patients had new lesions only. In eight of nine patients with house dust mite inhalation-induced dermatitis, skin symptoms were preceded by an early bronchial reaction. All patients with house dust mite-induced dermatitis had a history of asthma, and as a group they had a higher mean blood total IgE level compared with the "negative skin responders." One patient had pruritic erythema on the placebo challenge day, without a preceding bronchoconstrictive reaction. The number of patients who had a skin response on the house dust mite challenge day was significantly higher than the number of patients who had a skin response on the placebo day (p = 0.011 [Prescott's test]). CONCLUSIONS: The respiratory route may be relevant in the induction and exacerbation of dermatitis in a subset of patients with atopic dermatitis who have early bronchial reactions after house dust mite inhalation, a history of asthma, and an elevated blood total IgE level. Furthermore, these findings suggest a possible causal relationship between bronchial reactions and skin reactions.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Atopic dermatitis. A review of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management.

Atopic dermatitis, one of the common dermatologic abnormalities encountered by pediatricians in clinical practice, is a chronic pruritic skin disorder occurring in individuals with a personal or family history of atopic disease such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. Atopic dermatitis appears to be an inherited disease, although the mode of inheritance has not been established. Clinically, its course can be divided into stages: infantile, childhood, and adult. Recognition of atopic dermatitis in any of these stages should facilitate appropriate treatment. This general overview examines several aspects of the disease, including current concepts of clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Heterologous desensitization of leukocytes: a possible mechanism of beta adrenergic blockade in atopic dermatitis.

Studies of mononuclear leukocytes from patients with atopic dermatitis showed depressed cyclic AMP (cAMP) responses after exposure to isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin E1. Because plasma and tissue histamine levels are elevated in atopic dermatitis, we questioned whether histamine or other mediators might be responsible for cAMP abnormalities. We found that exposure of normal cells to low (10(-6)M) concentrations of histamine, isoproterenol, or prostaglandin E desensitized the cells to subsequent stimulatory concentrations of any of the agonists. This heterologous desensitization occurred within 15 min and persisted for days, with gradual recovery of cAMP responses roughly paralleling those of cells from patients with atopic dermatitis. These findings provide a possible explanation for Szentivanyi's beta adrenergic blockade theory and the depressed leukocyte cAMP response to multiple agonists in atopy.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A randomized trial of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis of adults.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are recommended for the treatment of asthma, and have proved anecdotally successful even in atopic dermatitis. Standard treatments of atopic dermatitis are often unsatisfactory. Accordingly, we compared montelukast, 10 mg/day, with a combined regimen (orally administered cetirizine and clarythromycin, topical corticosteroids and hydrating preparations) for treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis of adults. The trial was designed as a randomized single-blind study. SCORAD, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), eosinophilic protein X (EPX) serum levels were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks in 32 adult patients with atopic dermatitis (16 treated with montelukast; 16 treated with the combined regimen). Similar improvements, evaluated in term of SCORAD reductions, were detected in both groups (Mann-Whitney, p < 0.05), while ECP and EPX levels significantly reduced within each group (Welch's approximate t, p < 0.05). We conclude that montelukast is as effective as the comparison combined regimen to treat atopic dermatitis of adults.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

Acute infection with Trichophyton rubrum associated with flares of atopic dermatitis.

Trichophyton rubrum has been implicated as a potential trigger in flares of atopic dermatitis. We describe a patient with atopic dermatitis who presented with a history of multiple flares and concurrent acute tinea pedis and onychomycosis. Symptoms of atopic dermatitis and culture-positive acute infection with T. rubrum resolved during each flare using systemic antifungals. Flares of atopic dermatitis may be triggered by acute T. rubrum infections. Antifungal therapy should be considered in these patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to Dermatophagoides farinae by substance P in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Neuropeptides mediate stress-induced cutaneous inflammation such as atopic dermatitis. The effect of substance P on proliferation and cytokine mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) was studied in atopic dermatitis patients with positive RAST scores to Der f. Upon stimulation with Der f peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients proliferated in a B7-dependent (CD80- and CD86-dependent) manner, while those from the patients with negative scores, nonatopic eczematous dermatitis patients or normal individuals, did not. Based on the reactivity of normal individuals, atopic dermatitis patients with a stimulation index greater than 1.8 were tentatively defined as high responders, who comprised two-thirds of the patients. Proliferation in high responders was associated with upregulation of IL-2 mRNA expression and induction of IL-5 mRNA expression. Substance p at 10(-10) to 10(-8) M promoted the Der f-induced proliferation when added at the start of culture and upregulated IL-10 MRNA expression while downregulating IL-5 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that substance P modifies immune responses of atopic T cells to Der f by promoting proliferation and altering cytokine profiles, and thus modulates the clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune mechanisms in atopic dermatitis and relevance to treatment.

Since the term atopic dermatitis was first introduced in 1933 by Wise and Sulzberger to emphasize the association of eczema with allergic rhinitis and asthma, there has been considerable controversy over the role of allergens in atopic dermatitis. Recent studies suggest that allergens do contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease in at least a subset of patients. An understanding of the immune mechanisms regulating IgE production and the pathogenic events that contribute to the clinical features of this illness may lead to new insights into potential modes of therapy in atopic dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ripple pigmentation of the neck in atopic dermatitis.

Ripple pigmentary lesions of the neck were observed in 12 patients with atopic dermatitis. Biopsy specimens from three cases revealed no amyloid substances. From the review of cases with either atopic dermatitis or ripple pigmentation seen in our hospital, it was concluded that ripple pigmentation of the neck was always associated with atopic dermatitis and appeared in 1.7% of all 751 patients with atopic dermatitis. It is suggested that ripple pigmentation is not necessarily specific or diagnostic of amyloidosis, as is generally believed. Possible relationships involving ripple pigmentation, atopic dermatitis, and macular amyloidosis are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Skin prick testing to food allergens in breast-fed young infants with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

SUMMARY The role of food allergy in atopic dermatitis is controversial. This study presents results of skin prick tests to 31 different food allergens in a selected population of predominantly breast-fed young infants who had moderate to severe generalized atopic dermatitis. Of the 59 infants (22 female, mean age 26.5 weeks) tested, 54 infants (91.5%) had positive responses to one or more foods, 53 infants (90%) were positive to one or more of the five common food allergens (egg white, cow's milk, peanuts, wheat or soy) and 80% were positive to egg white, which was by far the most common positive test. A total of 37 infants had strongly positive responses to one or more foods, with 33 of these 37 having strongly positive responses to egg white. The significance of these responses is discussed. It is concluded that positive skin prick tests to foods, particularly to egg white, are very common in this selected population of breast-fed infants with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.

Age Factors↗