SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Disclosure”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and false disclosures in heterosexual college students.

The authors assessed factors that motivate individuals to report negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test results, although they had never been tested. In particular, they investigated sexual intimacy motives associated with the needs for affiliation, sex, and dominance as contributing factors for faulty disclosures. Participants were 246 sexually active heterosexual students. Overall, 21% of the sample had been tested for HIV, and most individuals disclosed their results to intimate partners. Of the entire sample, 5% had previously told an intimate sexual partner they were HIV-negative, although they had not been tested. HIV testing and perceptions of partner deceptions with reference to primary prevention efforts and applications are explored.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMed1993

Lesbian self-disclosure. Strategies for success.

1. Lesbian nurses must decide whether to share information about lesbian culture with their nursing colleagues. 2. Making calm rejoinders to homophobic remarks, using policies on minority status and affirmative action, promoting competitive liberalism between institutions, and using marketing techniques can aid lesbian self-disclosure to individuals and institutions. 3. Nurses who are open about being lesbian can provide healthy role models for their colleagues and patients.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Written disclosure: a way of coping with traumatic stress.

Verbal debriefing after a traumatic incident may interrupt the natural adaptive processes that help people to deal with such incidents. This article examines the effectiveness of written interventions to help people experiencing distress after trauma experienced at work. As an alternative to critical incident debriefing, the authors recommend a staff education programme in tandem with written disclosure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1992

Some bond authorities fight disclosure rules.

While the group that represents tax-exempt bond authorities would like to see that investors receive more financial information from hospitals, some of its members are fighting proposed disclosure guidelines because they're fearful the rules would swamp their staffs with added paperwork and other administrative burdens and, in some cases, even threaten their very existence.

Financial Audit↗

PubMed1997

Interim rules for amending ERISA disclosure requirements for group health plans; approval of information collection requirements--DoL. Interim rules; approval of information collection requirements.

On April 8, 1997, the Department of Labor published interim final rules governing disclosure requirements for private sector group health plans (62 FR 16979). The rules implemented changes to made to certain provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), enacted as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act of 1996 (NMHPA). In the April 8 publication, the Department submitted its revision of the currently approved collection regarding Summary Plan Description requirements under ERISA to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for emergency review under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1965 (PRA 95). This document amends the April 8 Federal Register document to properly display the OMB control number, 1210-0039.

Career Mobility↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Disclosure of mistakes.

In the course of professional practice, errors will occur and patients may be harmed because of them. The ethical obligation to respect patients' autonomy requires that dentists reveal mistakes to patients if the mistake significantly affects the patient's health and well-being. Answering the question, "would most people think they have a right to know of this type of mistake if it happened to them?" may be helpful in determining the significance of an error. An open disclosure and examination of professional mistakes will be beneficial to patients, doctors, and the practice. Fear of legal reprisals or thoughts that the mistake could be effectively concealed from the patient cannot justify failing to inform the patient of an error and may put the dentist in greater legal peril. Dentists who attempt to hide errors from patients violate the patient's autonomy and risk implicating the profession as one which cannot be trusted.

Ethics, Dental↗

PubMed1998

Financial disclosure by clinical investigators--FDA. Final rule; action on petition for reconsideration.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is revising the requirements regarding financial disclosure by clinical investigators in order to add material to the codified language that was inadvertently omitted and to clarify the compliance dates to, in some cases, restrict the retroactive application of certain requirements of the rule. FDA is making these changes in order to respond to concerns raised by the Pharmaceutical Research Manufacturers Association (hereinafter referred to as "PhRMA"). By making these changes, FDA will be reducing the administrative burden for manufacturers and other affected parties while, at the same time, ensuring that the agency obtains the information that is most relevant to its review of clinical data submitted in marketing applications.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Public disclosure of process and outcome measures.

There is a long history of resistance to public disclosure of data comparing the quality of doctors or hospitals. Examples of data ultimately disclosed are risk-adjusted cardiac bypass surgery mortality data, cesarean section rates, doctor immunization practices, and state medical board rates of serious disciplinary actions. Recent studies on postoperative infection rates in Veterans' Affairs hospitals show large differences even after risk adjustment. It is inevitable that more comparative quality data involving both the process and outcome of medical care will be made public after proper adjustment for risks.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed2000

"Telling tales out of court": a pilot study of experts' disclosures about opposing experts.

A pilot questionnaire surveyed forensic psychiatrists and psychologists about information they would feel it appropriate to disclose to their retaining attorneys about an opposing expert witness. A spectrum of hypothetical disclosures was offered, varying in their relevance to the case at hand and in their degree of "public" versus "personal" information. Respondents agreed significantly that "public" information could be disclosed to one's attorney, but responses about disclosing "personal" information varied widely. The findings and their implications are briefly discussed.

Data Collection↗

PubMed2000

Differences in disclosure of sexuality among African American and White gay/bisexual men: implications for HIV/AIDS prevention.

Gay and bisexual men were asked if they had disclosed their sexuality to family members, heterosexual friends, gay friends, coworkers, health care workers, and members of their church; if they had been associated with groups made up of gays, bisexuals, and lesbians; and if they had gay/bisexual friends. White men were much more likely to disclose their sexuality, to have associated with groups and to have gay/bisexual friends. As education increased, white men were more likely, and African American men less likely, to disclose sexuality and associate with groups. Having gay/bisexual friends increased with education with both groups. The difference in disclosure can be traced to the higher social stigma apparently attached to being gay in the African American community, which may be exacerbated for more educated men. As a result, African American gay men may be less likely to participate in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

Black or African American↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Voluntary disclosure by health care providers: should you do it?

This article addresses the factors a provider needs to consider when evaluating whether to voluntarily disclose billing errors or billing fraud. It outlines procedures for the Office of the Inspector General's formal voluntary disclosure program as well as mechanisms for correcting routine billing errors with a carrier.

Fraud↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Three approaches to better disclosure.

Spurred by growing investor demands, numerous nonprofit health systems are expanding investor relations efforts - not creating new departments like their for-profit counterparts, but working harder to account for themselves to the bond market. "The more sophisticated players realize (greater disclosure) is coming, and they figure they might as well do it and do a great job at it and get ahead of the wave," says Martin Arrick, director of Standard & Poor's health care group. Here are case studies of three that are pushing ahead in that much-watched area--reporting more often, keeping in closer contact with their audiences than before, and , in at least one case, posting financials on the Web.

Capital Financing↗

PubMed2002

Ethics in medicine: students' opinions on disclosure of true diagnosis.

AIM: To determine students opinions about diagnosis disclosure to the patient and other interested parties. METHODS: During 2000/2001 academic year, an anonymous survey was conducted among the first-year (200 questionnaires) and sixth-year medical students (200 questionnaires) at the Zagreb University School of Medicine. Students were asked what they would say about the diagnosis to the patient, patients family, friend, employer, colleague from work, health insurance agent, another physician, or medical student, if the diagnosis was inoperable lung carcinoma in a 20- and 66-year-old patient vs bacterial pneumonia in patients of the same age. The possibilities were to tell the truth, lie, or refuse to disclose the diagnosis. RESULTS: The response rate was 55%. Students would disclose the true diagnosis to the patient, patients family, friend, and employer in case of benign disease more often than in case of malignant disease (p<0.001). Patient's age did not affect students' opinions. Most students would rather refuse to say anything than lie if they would not want to say the truth. Students would more often tell the truth to the patient and patient's family then to a health insurance agent, another physician, or medical student, less often to patient's friend and employer, and rarely to the patient's colleague from work. First-year students would generally tell the truth more often than sixth-year students (p<0.001). There were almost no differences in the opinions between male and female students. CONCLUSION: The strongest influence on students choice on whether or not to disclose the diagnosis had the severity of disease, person they would disclose the information to, and the academic year they attended, implicating that such important ethical issues should be discussed during the studies.

Croatia↗

PubMed2002

Barriers to disclosure of abuse among rural women.

The purposes of this study were to examine the prevalence of abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) in women seeking care in rural medical clinics and WIC voucher pick-up sites, and to discover ways of improving the response of health care providers to violence. Data were collected in 8 medical clinics and 17 WIC supplemental food program sites in 9 counties of west central Minnesota during January and February 1997. Fifteen percent of respondents reported having had a discussion about abuse with a health care provider. Six of the 8 symptoms and injuries most associated with abuse indicate diminished emotional health. A series of barriers are identified as substantial obstacles to obtaining help and revealing abuse to health care providers. The most frequently reported barriers were self-reliance, reliance on God, and reliance on friends and family. These findings show that a large percentage of rural women experience abuse and that their health is adversely affected. The barriers to disclosure of abuse reported in this study illustrate the complexity of disclosing abusive relationships in rural and other settings. Low screening levels suggest that rural health care providers can develop additional opportunities to discuss abuse with their patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Preparing for the brave new world, Part 4: "Minimum necessary" disclosures under HIPAA.

"Minimum information given with maximum politeness," Jacqueline Kennedy once directed a White House press secretary. Decades later, a pending federal health-privacy rule says nothing about courtesy but does explicitly require a "minimum necessary" standard for most disclosures of personally identifiable information. Physician practices that understand these two key words will have a head start in complying with the privacy regulations, which were published in December 2000 under authority of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). This article, the final installment of a four-part series on how the HIPAA privacy rule will affect the day-to-day lives of physicians and their staffs, focuses on what the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) means by "minimum necessary."

Confidentiality↗

PubMed2002

The new JCAHO patient safety standards and the disclosure of unanticipated outcomes. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

This article looks at the newly-issued JCAHO standards and their increased focus on patient safety in performance standards for healthcare organizations. As part of these standards, hospitals are required to inform patients of outcomes of care, including unanticipated outcomes. This article examines this requirement and suggests varying interpretations of it. After looking at the current legal and ethical standards requiring disclosure of errors or negligent acts, the article suggests that hospitals are faced with many difficulties in implementing the standard. Specifically, the article argues that more details are necessary regarding what events must be reported and what hospitals are required to do when members of the medical staff refuse to inform patients of medical error.

Accreditation↗

PubMed2002

Unexpected findings in identifiable stored blood samples after analysis without consent: moral arguments for and against disclosure.

Obtaining informed consent for using blood samples in research is mandatory. However, sometimes no consent is obtained for analysis of identifiable blood samples in a second study. As a result, a moral dilemma raises in case a possibly pathogenic mutation is found. Should the involved person be informed that such a mutation has been detected? We present a case in which this problem occurred and discuss arguments for and against information disclosure.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Mea culpa, mea culpa: a call for privilege for self-disclosure of error in the setting of primary medical education.

Medical errors cause 44,000 to 98,000 deaths per year, which is due, in part, to the lack of privileged self-reporting systems. Such systems are of great value to the medical community, especially to new doctors and to medical students. Nonetheless, because documents produced for self-reporting conferences and statements made against self-interest are admissible in court, many observers believe that doctors are discouraged from self-reporting errors. The author proposes the creation of a new medical self-disclosure privilege to protect and promote self-reporting systems, which will lead to a reduction in medical errors.

Education, Medical↗