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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Preliminary investigations into the endocrine systems of subfertile cattle: location of a common lesion (rate-limiting step).

Dairy cows with a variety of clinical conditions were investigated in an attempt to identify the cause(s) of subfertility. Sequential or simultaneous injections of 20 micrograms gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 1 mg oestradiol benzoate and 0.06 mg ACTH(1-24) into five clinical cases of ovarian follicular cysts, two cases of poor body condition and one case of lameness and into control cows revealed a failure in the LH positive-feedback response to oestradiol in all eight clinical cases, but in only two out of twelve control cows. Two of the clinical cases and the two non-responding control cows had high or rising initial progesterone concentrations which would explain the absence of response. All cows studied responded similarly to GnRH and ACTH(1-24). It is suggested that hypothalamus-pituitary control of LH release may involve a rate-limiting step (in the oestradiol positive-feedback system) and that lesions at this point result in subfertility in a variety of clinical situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects on the endocrine system of long-term treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Hormonal changes resulting from long-term use of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide depot were studied in a randomized placebo-controlled study comprising 50 evaluable patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 26 patients received 3.75 mg leuprolide depot intramuscularly every 28 days for 24 weeks and 24 received a placebo. The patients were followed up for a further 24-week period. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone decreased by 90% and follicle-stimulating hormone by 55% during the treatment period. Mean testosterone levels decreased by 96% to 0.7 nmol l-1 and dihydrotestosterone decreased by 90%. The adrenal androgens androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate decreased by 48 and 24%, respectively. In most patients, estradiol decreased to non-detectable values, while the decrease in estrone was 35%. There was no change in prolactin and sex hormone-binding globulin as compared to the placebo group. Hormonal changes were reversible, but the suppression of testicular hormone production was not completely normalized in all patients 24 weeks after discontinuation of the treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Revised medical criteria for determination of disability, endocrine system and related criteria--SSA. Proposed rule.

We are proposing to delete "Obesity," from the listing to adjudicate claims for disability under titles II and XVI of the Social Security Act (the Act) when we evaluate claims of individuals at step 3 of our sequential evaluation process. Current medical and vocational research demonstrates that, while many individuals with obesity are disabled, obesity, in and of itself, is not necessarily determinative of an individual's inability to engage in any gainful activity. Instead, individuals with obesity would have their cases reviewed under the listing for an affected body system(s) or, on a case-by-case basis, at the remaining steps of the sequential evaluation process.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1976

[Dissemination of carcinogenic H3-dialkylhydrazines in the neuro-endocrine system and their antigonadotropic effect in rats].

Three hours after the dimethylhydrazine-3H (DMH) treatment specific radioactivity in the male rat pituitary, adrenal cortex, and the testes was higher than in the liver by 53, 85, and 108%, respectively. Tritium incorporation into the hypothalamus was higher than that by the liver, cerebral cortex, and the brain stem by 33, 69, and 44%, respectively. Three hours after the diethyl-hydrazine-3H (DEH) treatment the specific activities of the pituitary and the testes in male rats were higher than that of the liver by 57 and 108%, respectively. A single DMH and DEH administration to male rats in a dose of 21 mg per kg body weight resulted in a significant decrease of the pituitary FSH level (by 63 and 53%, respectively). The data obtained were indicative of a marked influence of the carcinogenic dialkylhydrazines on the rat neuroendocrin system.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Revised medical criteria for determination of disability, endocrine system and related criteria. Social Security Administration (SSA). Final rule.

We are deleting listing 9.09, "Obesity," from appendix 1, subpart P of part 404, the "Listing of Impairments" (the listings). Although many individuals with obesity are appropriately found "disabled" within the meaning of the Social Security Act (the Act), we have determined that the criteria in listing 9.09 were not appropriate indicators of listing-level severity because they did not represent a degree of functional limitation that would prevent an individual from engaging in any gainful activity. However, in response to public comments, we are adding guidance about evaluating claims for benefits involving obesity to the prefaces of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and cardiovascular body system listings.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of metformin on the plasminogen activator system, endocrine, metabolic profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and clomiphene resistant cases].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effects of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and clomiphene (CC) resistant cases. METHODS: Thirty one patients with PCOS, including 8 CC resistant cases were studied. Serum tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), menstrual and reproductive hormone patterns, lipid and glucose metabolic parameters, bilateral ovarian volume, side effects were determined before and after oral administration of metformin 375 mg three times daily for 12 - 16 weeks. Metformin and CC were co-administered in CC resistant cases who had not restored their menstrual cycle after the treatment with metformin alone for investigating ovulation rate. In the remaining non-CC resistant metformin failure cases the dosage of metformin was incrersed to 500 mg three times daily for investigating menstrual cycle. RESULTS: After administration of metformin for 12 - 16 weeks, serum PAI-1, luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, androstenedione, testosterone, low density liproprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting insulin concentration and response to oral glucose tolerant test (OGTT), diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly, while FSH and estradiol levels increased, bilateral ovarian volume shrunk significantly (P < 0.05 - 0.01). Body mass index, waist hip ratio, LH, tPA, systolic blood pressure, prolactin, fasting glucose concentration and response to OGTT, high density liproprotein-cholesterol, apoliprotein A, apoliprotein B, triglycerides levels did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Nineteen out of thirty one cases (61%) had restoration of menstrual cycle, 2 became pregnant. In 6 CC resistant cases who had not restoration of menstrual cycle after the treatment with metformin, CC induced ovulation in 12/18 cycles or 5/6 cases and 2 pregnancies achieved. In others 6 metformin failure cases the dosage of metformin was increased to 500 mg three times daily, one restored menstrual cycle and became pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin may ameliorate the PAI-1, endocrine, metabolic profiles and menstrual abnormalities and improve the ovarian response to CC in CC resistant cases. Metformin provides a safe and effective approach to the treatment of PCOS.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Morphology of the endocrine system in schizophrenia according to early autopsy findings (the hypophyseal-thyroid system)].

The paper is concerned with the results of a study on the morpho-functional state of the thyroid gland and hypophysis. The research material was obtained during the period of 20 min.--5 hours post mortem. Irrespective of the type of the course of schizophrenia it was characterized by signs of deterioration in the functional activity of the thyroid gland. However, it was established that the morphological picture can also be changed under the influence of acutely developing diseases, previous to death. In these cases the morphological picture corresponds to the sufficiently expressed activation of the glands (according to the type of stress-reactions). The author comes to the conclusion of certain functional traits in the morphological changes found in the thyroid gland and hypophysis in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The darkness at the end of the tunnel: summary and evaluation of an international symposium on light, endocrine systems and cancer.

Research on light at night and cancer is evolving at an accelerating pace, fueled largely by exciting results in rodent toxicology and basic human biology. Epidemiologic research is at a relatively early stage of development in which the exposure surrogates such as shift work and blindness predominate. Causal graphs for shift work, light at night and breast cancer illustrate some of the subtleties that can arise in the use of exposure surrogates of different kinds. Baseline data on circadian rhythms and melatonin cycles among human populations living at different latitudes are needed. Epidemiologic study of this topic is expected to mature soon as studies begin to incorporate quantitative and semiquantitative measurements and personal histories of exposure to light at night. The current emphasis on breast cancer should widen to include other cancers and intermediate outcomes. An advance in epidemiologic studies of blind persons would be to compare cancer rates between the "cortically blind" and the "retinally blind" within levels of visual impairment. Without a proposed intervention to reduce exposure to light at night, attributable fraction and attributable caseload estimates are meaningless. In the near future, both epidemiologic and laboratory research in this area are expected to grow appreciably in scope and scale.

Darkness↗