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At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Analysis of activities of the preventive dentistry service in the Health Area 8 of the Valencia Autonomous Region].

OBJECTIVES: We describe and analize the activities we carried out in a surgery from a preventive dentistry unit. DESIGN: Longitudinal descriptive study from 1993 since 1994. SETTING: Health Area 8 from the Valencian Autonomous Region. PARTICIPANTS: Children from 3 to 14 year-old attendant to the preventive dentistry unit's surgery (2.497). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We visited 5.012 children. The highest percentage of population corresponded to the zona 4, where began at first the preventive service. The activities distribution was as follow: oral explorations and plaque control (100%), fluoride topic aplication (90.38%), diet control (36.81%), pit and fisure sealants (6.46%), profilaxis (8.71%), radiological diagnosis (6.46%), dental emergencies (2.17%). The users origin was: 38.88% school oral explorations made over 6- and 10-year-old children; 63.71% from self-request; and 16.45% sent by other health professionals. 41.42% were continuated visits. CONCLUSIONS: Demand of preventive dental services is very high in our health area, although incorporation of therapeutic techniques is wished by the population. This demand increase as well as the surgery is closer to the user. People from big cities are stubborn using these services from smallest villages, even having transport facilities. Children start coming to the consults between 5-6 year-old, keeping an acceptable control until 12 approximately.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of CO2 laser irradiation on tooth-root cementum.

With the aging of the American population and the endemic problem of gingival recession, patients will inevitably suffer from greater exposure of root surfaces and therefore will be more likely to develop root caries. The treatment of root caries is often frustrating. Traditional biomaterials used for the restoration of enamel caries have been less than satisfactory when margins of a cavity are adjacent to cementum. Although topical fluoride gels, toothpastes, and rinses have been used to prevent or to inhibit the development of root caries, there is a problem of access to the proximal surfaces. Consequently, the development of better methods to facilitate the prevention of root caries has become an important issue in dentistry.

Dental Cementum↗
PubMed1998

[An attempt to assess the effectiveness of a program for planned dental care during the developmental period in light of clinical examination and questioning of dentistry students from the Pomeranian Medical Academy].

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of planned dental care in educational institutions. The investigation was carried out among 339 3rd, 4th and 5th year students of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, aged 22-26, who attended nurseries and schools in the years 1969-1989 in different communities (large towns, medium-sized towns, small towns, villages). The first part of the study consisted of questionary answers concerning dental care in general in nurseries, primary and high schools. On the basis of these answers two groups were distinguished: a group of students who had been subjected to planned dental care (positive surveys) and a group of students who had not been subjected to planned care (negative surveys) (Tab. 1). At the second stage the clinical examination of the surveyed students was carried out and the obtained data were registered on 1986 WHO record cards. The examination was performed among students who were subjected to dental care in primary and high school together with those students who were not subjected to this care. All examinations were done at a dental surgery with the use of a mirror, probe and a calibrated WHO-621 probe. Results of the surveys showed that systematically performed examinations of the oral cavity and systematic dental treatment were carried out for over 60% of surveyed students in primary schools and about 40% of surveyed students in high schools. In primary schools the organization of health education was more effective, its activity was confirmed by about 80% of respondents, while in high schools by only 40%. In response to question concerning topical fluoride preventive measures 40% of positive answers were obtained from the surveyed students concerning primary schools and 10% concerning high schools. Survey questions in the part referring to nurseries were often answered "I don't remember" therefore it is impossible to interpret the results. Fluoride tablets were taken by about 40% of surveyed students. Over 65% of respondents with diagnosed malocclusion were treated orthodontically. Among students with dental calculus over a half had it removed earlier. Much better results of clinical examinations were obtained in the group subjected to planned dental care at developmental age. In this group the average DMFT number was 11.31, the average number of teeth with untreated caries (D) was 0.82, average number of removed teeth because of caries (M) was 0.55, whereas in the negative group (not subjected to dental care) the average DMFT number was 14.61, average D number was 1.41, average M number was 2.54. The average number of filled teeth (F) showed no significant difference in both groups and was about 10 (Tab. 2). Malocclusion was diagnosed in about 30% of surveyed students in the group subjected to treatment and in over 45% of surveyed students not subjected to dental care in school (Tab. 2). In the group of positive surveys the proportion of respondents with healthy periodontium was over 11% whereas in the group of negative surveys it was about three times lower (Tab. 4). The results of the study show that planned program of dental care is most effectively carried out in primary schools. The results have confirmed that systematic dental care at development age has a positive effect on the stomatognathic system at mature age.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Caries prevention by means of local fluoride application].

The topical application of fluoride has developed into an effective health-saving measure for the individual and the collective prevention of caries. A reduction in caries increment of 30 to 40% may be expected. With reference to the mode of action of topically applied fluorides on dental enamel and plaques, methods and preparations are recommended for acceptance in the framework of socialist health protection.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1994

Experiments on the initiation of calcium fluoride formation with reference to the solubility of dental enamel and brushite.

As calcium fluoride formation following topical application of fluoride may be responsible for at least some of the caries-reducing effect of fluoride, the concentration of fluoride necessary to induce its formation were examined. The aim was to determine the degree of supersaturation with respect to calcium fluoride necessary for inducing its spontaneous precipitation, with close reference to its possible formation and retention on dental hard tissue when topical fluoride solutions are used clinically. Powdered enamel or brushite were suspended for 4 h in aqueous solutions buffered at pH 7.2 and 5.0. After the equilibration, ion concentrations were determined and degrees of saturation with respect to apatite and brushite were calculated. In aqueous solutions at pH 7.2 and 5.0 with similar concentrations as those found in the equilibrated suspensions the fluoride concentration was adjusted to from 5 to 500 parts/10(6). After 2 h of gentle agitation the supernatant was analysed, the precipitate (if any) isolated and examined by X-ray diffraction. Initiation of spontaneous calcium fluoride formation required a calcium fluoride ion-activity product of 10(-7.6) or more, 300 parts/10(6) fluoride were necessary to initiate calcium fluoride formation in neutral solution saturated with enamel, and the increased solubility of enamel apatite at low pH allowed calcium fluoride formation from solutions with as low as 100 parts/10(6) fluoride. When phosphate was present in the solution a competing apatite formation could mask the calcium fluoride formation. In neutral solutions saturated with respect to brushite, spontaneous fluorapatite formation was initiated by 100 pats/10(6) fluoride. With 200 parts/10(6) fluoride a further competing formation of calcium fluoride occurred.

Calcium Fluoride↗
PubMed1991

Uptake of fluoride by sound and artificially carious enamel in vitro following application of topical sodium and amine fluorides.

The aim of this investigation was to compare fluoride uptake and retention by sound and artificially carious enamel, after the topical application of a neutral sodium fluoride solution (NaF) or a commercial preparation containing aqueous amine fluorides (AF) 297 and 335 (Elmex Fluid, GABA International, Basel, Switzerland). Ten pairs of extracted premolars were used, one of each pair being treated with NaF and the other with AF. A lactic acid gel technique was used to produce artificial caries lesions on one-half of the buccal surface of the premolar crowns. Estimates at selected depths of pretreatment fluoride concentration, uptake and retention were made using a step-wise acid-etch sampling technique. AF produced much greater uptake than NaF, the difference being most marked in the deeper layers of the artificial lesions, suggesting that the amine fluorides had a strong affinity for demineralized enamel. After storage in normal saline for 1 week during which partial loss of the acquired fluoride occurred, the percentages retained ranged from 37 (NaF) to 65 percent (AF). It was concluded that AF enhanced both uptake and retention of fluoride by (artificial) early enamel caries lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Methods of assessing the cost-effectiveness of caries preventive agents and procedures.

Before public finance is committed to a particular public health measure it is essential that the project should be analytically evaluated. Cost-benefit analysis is one method of choosing between alternative programmes. It suffers from the disadvantage that, while costs can be accurately assessed, the benefit to an individual of freedom from pain, discomfort or inconvenience cannot be simply expressed in monetary terms. Such benefits may therefore be omitted from calculations of cost-benefit and a programme with valuable indirect or intangible benefits may not receive adequate consideration in competition with other alternatives. Futhermore, since benefits may only accrue some time after expenditure has been incurred, inflation distorts the significance of cost-benefit calculations. Cost-effectiveness analysis is an alternative method which enables one to determine the least expensive of several alternative methods of achieving a stated objective. The application of these concepts to preventive programmes against dental caries is described. Distinction must be made between the effectiveness of preventive measures during controlled clinical trials on limited numbers of subjects and their value when applied under field conditions to the whole community. Detailed comparisons are made between various methods of the application of fluorides caries prevention by community fluoridation water supply, school water fluoridation and topical application of fluorides. It is concluded that while completely accurate and valid analyses of cost-effectiveness are not possible, they do enable dentistry to view its activities more objectively and to indentify the real issues which should affect future decisions.

Attitude↗
PubMed1989

Position of the American Dietetic Association: the impact of fluoride on dental health.

The appropriate use of fluorides, through topical application, water fluoridation, or exogenous supplementation, has been shown to be a positive factor in the prevention of dental caries and remineralization of teeth. This is true for individuals of all ages. The use of fluorides and fluoridation is endorsed by almost all professional health organizations as the most effective dental public health measure in existence.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1996

Influence of tooth surface conditions on enamel fluoride uptake after topical application of TiF4 in vitro.

Three groups of extracted human teeth were sectioned longitudinally into experimental and control halves. The enamel surfaces of the three groups of teeth were pretreated with 37% H3PO4 for 1 min, 0.5 M NaClO3 for 2 h, or water rinsing for 10 min. The experimental halves of the three groups received an application of 1% TiF4 for 1 min and were washed with deionized water. The tooth specimens were then immersed in synthetic saliva for 24 h at 37 degrees C before sampling for measurement of fluoride uptake. An acid etching technique was used to determine the uptake of fluoride by measuring both fluoride and calcium concentrations in the solution collected from each etched sample. A significantly higher uptake of fluoride was found in teeth rinsed in water and etched with 37% H3PO4 than in teeth pretreated in 0.5 M NaClO3. It seems that the organic components in enamel play an important role in the fluoride uptake after the topical application of TiF4.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

Fluorine gradients in outermost surface enamel after various forms of topical application of fluorides in vivo.

Fluorine gradients were analysed in sound facial enamel of 58 pairs of homologous contralateral premolar teeth. A macroscopic stepwise acid etching technique was used to determine the F-concentration to the depths of 40-200 microns. Usually three successive enamel layers (10, 10, and 20 microns) from enamel surface and inwards were removed. Eight pairs of teeth (control group) which had not been subjected to any form of fluoride treatment in the study, were used to assess the difference between teeth extracted at three-week-interval. The F-gradients were almost identical, with only small differences between the teeth. F-concentrations usually decreased from about 900 ppm within the first 10 microns to about 200 ppm at a depth of 40-50 microns. In ten experimental groups (5 pairs of teeth in each group) the F-uptake was studied after various forms of topical application. Contralateral teeth served as control teeth. The highest F-uptake was observed when a fluoride varnish, Duraphat (5% NaF) was applied three times at one weeks' interval. The F-concentrations were about 2000, 900 and 550 ppm, respectively, in the first, second and third enamel layer. The increase in F-concentration in the first enamel layers analysed was significant, but not in the deepest. When testing the effect of paintings procedures with 2% NaF (pH = 7 and 5); 8% SnF2; 5% Na2PO3F; 2% APF-gel (Flura-Gel) in a similar way, a moderate F-uptake was found (100-450 ppm). The uptake of F was limited to the first 10 microns of the enamel. Only 2% NaF (pH = 5) And the APF-gel gave a significant F-uptake within the first layer. Daily mouthwashing procedures during 21 days resulted in insignificant uptake of F when 0.025% and 0.05% NaF solutions were used. Not even rinsing with 0.025% NaF solution for more than 100 days and rinsing with 0.2% NaF solution once a week for three weeks resulted in any significant uptake. The results showed that the F-uptake in vivo from conventional topical application is small and limited to the first few microns of the enamel surface. However, by prolonging the exposure of the enamel surfaces to fluorides in varnishes with high F-concentrations it appears possible to highly raise the F-concentration of the enamel surface and in deeper layers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of fluoride on caries development and progression in vivo.

The dissolution rate of calcium-fluoride-like material from the enamel surface in vivo appears to be much slower than previously thought. This could be due to adsorption of phosphate ions and/or protein molecules to the surface of the calcium-fluoride-like particles. During cariogenic challenges, the phosphate/protein coating is released, resulting in increased solubility rate of the calcium-fluoride-like material. Due to this mechanism, calcium-fluoride-like material may be a major aspect of the cariostatic mechanism of topically applied fluoride. Topically applied neutral fluoride agents are able to inhibit caries development in enamel but not completely stop lesion development. A fluoride solution at low pH has been found to be more effective in caries model studies than neutral fluoride agents, which might be due to the formation of a larger depot of calcium fluoride. Data from fluoridated areas indicate that the fluoride ion as such has a limited effect on lesion development, and a major mechanism of the cariostatic effect may be reformation of apatite (remineralization). The product of lesion consolidation (a fluoridated apatite) may have a limited effect, since intra-oral caries model studies show that even pure fluorapatite, in the form of shark enamel, demineralizes. In fissures and around orthodontic appliances, conventional fluoride agents appear to have only a small effect.

Calcium Fluoride↗