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PubMed1999

Older adults in health education research: some recommendations.

A review of articles published in two health education journals is provided to examine the extent to which older adults were included in published research. The review suggests that older adults were included in about 15% of the research articles published in Health Education and Behavior and Health Education Research. Of the articles that include older adults, age differences in study processes and outcomes are rarely examined, and very few studies advance specific hypotheses based on a theoretical or conceptual model of aging or older adulthood. Several recommendations for health education research are suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Beyond sex and cooking: health education for individuals with intellectual disability.

Issues of health education programming for people with intellectual disability are discussed. As environments in which such individuals live become more inclusive, and they are encouraged to make their own choices, the issue of whether current health education is sufficient to enable them to make healthy life choices is considered. More attention should be focused on programs in schools and the community to fulfill this need. Three aspects of health education programming are considered: physical activity, general health knowledge, and social supports for health. Continuity of information is viewed as important in policy development as well as in interprofessional coordination and cooperation to assure that these individuals are not further handicapped by poor health.

Cooking↗
PubMed2006

Experiences of beginning health educators and changes in their high school students' health behaviors and attitudes.

This study explored the instructional experiences of beginning health educators and changes in their high school students' health-related behaviors and attitudes. Qualitative data were collected through observations and personal interviews from five novice health teachers two times per week over an 8-week period. Quantitative data were collected from 92 high school student participants using a 60-item survey with a pretest/posttest administration. Dependent t tests were calculated to detect mean differences between total sample pretest and posttest scores with a significance level, where p < .05. Mean raw scores were calculated in 12 health categories to detect differences between pretest and posttest scores for each of the five individual health classes. A deeper understanding of beginning health teachers' practices, thoughts, and potential effectiveness offered insight into the interplay between teaching, learning, and health. The contribution to the enhancement of professional teacher preparation programs is provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Annotated bibliography of simulations and games in health education.

This annotated bibliography describes 66 simulation games in health education under the headings: diseases; drug use and abuse; ecology; family planning and human sexuality; health care planning; mental health; nursing; nutrition; physical fitness; and safety. Those reviewed are a selection of the more useful games from among a large number available. Few health education games are suitable for classroom use and few include social modeling through simulation. Games in drug education and mental health areas may contain distorted, out-of-date, or false information. Promising areas for development include: aging, venereal disease, sexuality, consumer health, health careers, safety education, and health planning.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Personal hygiene practice and school-based health education of children in Anambra State, Nigeria.

This study assessed the effect of school-based health education on the practice of personal hygiene by children in primary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety-five (395) and three hundred and ninety-eight (398) primary school pupils randomly recruited as intervention and control groups were rated on five key personal hygiene practices before, immediately after and three months after school-based hygiene health education. Less than 45% were rated clean before health education in both groups. Immediately after health education, more than 65% in the intervention group were rated clean. There was no change in the control group. The difference was statistically significant. However, there was a statistically insignificant decline in those rated clean three months after cessation of health education. The school-based health education improved the personal hygiene practice of the pupils. There is a need for regular reinforcement to sustain the gains.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HMO members and clinicians rank health education needs.

Before expanding a health education program, the staff of the George Washington University Health Plan conducted a needs assessment of members. Patients in the HMO's adult care and parents in pediatric waiting areas answered survey questions, and a random sample of members was polled by mail. Patients rated their interest in a list of 45 topics, and plan clinicians chose from the same list topics which "would be of greatest help in your practice." Anxiety/stress was the most popular topic among patients and those who responded by mail. Depression, physical fitness, CPR, and nutrition also rated high. Only 4 topics appeared among the top 10 choices of both plan members and clinicians. After discussion of the patients' choices, the clinicians were asked, several weeks later, to rate the topics again. Clinicians' choices in the second round much more closely approximated the choices of the members. The most frequently chosen method of instruction was "written material," although videotape and other, more expensive media were also listed. When seminars geared to the members' top choices in the survey were offered, the response was so enthusiastic that additional seminars--a total of 12 in 6 weeks--were held.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Community health advocacy for racial and ethnic minorities in the United States: issues and challenges for health education.

The 1985 Heckler report on Black and minority health clearly demonstrated that minority groups suffer excess morbidity and mortality directly related to social inequalities. Subsequently, improving the health status of minorities must go beyond personal health care delivery and address the broad issues of health policy. There is increasing evidence that wide public support is mounting to address many of the major health problems facing minority groups. In order to modify health behavior of minorities, health educators must recognize that traditional health promotion activities, focused on voluntary personal behavior change, may not be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality rates. Efforts to improve the health status of minorities must include an aggressive health policy dimension. Personal behavior change effort without an equal or greater emphasis on policy change is tantamount to blaming the victim. A health educators become increasingly aware of the political nature of health issues, it will be necessary to examine the health status of ethnic and racial minority populations from the perspective of community health advocacy.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2002

[Short-term effect evaluation of health education on the prevention of AIDS among university students in Changsha].

OBJECTIVE: To survey the sexual sense and AIDS knowledge and to evaluate the instant effect of health education for university students in Changsha. METHODS: According to the KABP survey, 235 students in 2 universities in Changsha were investigated by anonymous questionnaires before and after the health education. The health education on sex and AIDS knowledge was carried out by a professor from an AIDS laboratory. Three hundred and eighty-eight pre- or post-educational questionnaires were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Some of the students accepted such behaviors as unmarriage sexual act, multipartners, homosexuality, and commercial sexual act. These sexual senses were not instantly corrected by the health education. Most of the students investigated had some AIDS knowledge and the knowledge was improved instantly by the health education. CONCLUSION: There may be some high risk factors for AIDS transmission and venereal disease which may not be corrected by instant education among some university students in Changsha, whereas sexual hygiene and AIDS knowledge of most of the students investigated can be improved by a short-term education, which can be considered as a major form of health education.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Interdisciplinary health education and career choice in rural and underserved areas.

PURPOSE: To assess the association between an educational rural health interdisciplinary programme (RHIP) and subsequent practice in US rural and underserved locations. METHODS: We carried out a longitudinal cohort study of RHIP students and randomly selected classmate controls for the years 1990-2001, using a mailed survey. OUTCOMES: Main outcome measures were first rural, any rural, first underserved and any underserved practice locations. Multivariate statistical methods were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) by discipline while controlling for possible extraneous variables. RESULTS: Of 1396 surveys delivered, 820 were returned, giving a response rate of 59%. After exclusions, results from 255 RHIP and 534 control students were analysed for outcomes. Pharmacy students on the RHIP chose first and any rural practice locations more often than reference controls (PRs = 2.59 and 1.97, respectively; P < 0.05). Therapies (occupational, physical and speech therapy) RHIP students were associated with all 4 practice outcomes more often (PRs = 2.07, 1.85, 1.68 and 1.65, respectively; P < 0.05). Pharmacy and Therapies control students with rural training chose first rural and any rural practices more often (PRs = 2.58 and 1.62, respectively; P < 0.05 for both). Medicine and Nursing students did not choose outcome practice locations more often, but had small sample sizes and large numbers of controls with rural training. Rural health interdisciplinary students rated participation in rural training more highly as a factor in choosing first rural practices than did the controls who chose similar practices. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in RHIP and other rural training experiences may stimulate subsequent career choices in rural and underserved locations for Pharmacy and Therapies students. Other studies are needed to confirm these findings and answer questions raised by these data.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Health education and community participation in the control of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of health education and community participation for the provision of facilities necessary for the control of urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana. HYPOTHESIS: Health education facilitates community participation in the provision of facilities for the control of bilharzia. STUDY AREA: Three rural communities drained by the Densu river in southern Ghana. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 14 years and above formed groups of 10-12 persons by age, sex, ethnic and educational background; 15-16 groups were formed. INTERVENTIONS: Based on existing structures, one community received active, another passive health education and the third had no education. All three communities received chemotherapy. DESIGN: Study was carried out in three phases: pre-intervention phase--during which baseline data on residents' knowledge, attitude, beliefs and perception about bilharzia were collected using focus group discussions (FGD) prior to the second phase, intervention. Another FGD was held after 18 months to evaluate the intervention--third phase. RESULTS: This study suggests that most community members were aware of schistosomiasis but not as a disease. Before the health education, some residents believed bilharzia was a sign of manhood while others attributed the red colour of the urine to the red colour of a variety of sugar cane eaten in the area. After the health education, residents in the three areas constructed hand-dug wells. In addition, those who received active health education constructed two toilets for the schools and weeded the banks of the rivers. Residents also associated the disease with the water snail. CONCLUSION: Health education was useful in changing community perception on bilharzia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Shaping the future of health education: from behavior change to social change.

The view that individual behavior change is the primary goal of health education presents several serious problems. Although individual behavior does contribute to health and disease, social organization is perhaps a more powerful influence. The use of behavior change as the primary tool for health education raises grave ethical issues. Health education which seeks to change individual behavior has also failed to have a significant impact on public health. An alternative strategy is health education for social change. The goal of this approach is to involve people in collective action to create health promoting environments and life-styles. Several contemporary models for and principles characteristic of health education for social change are described.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1988

Health education needs in child care programs.

This article contains results from an assessment of health education needs in child care programs serving preschool children. The assessment included identification of the scope of health education activities provided in child care programs, and the program director's perception of benefits of and barriers to health education in child care settings. A mail survey assessed the health education needs in a random sample of licensed child care programs in Alabama. Survey results identified factors affecting adoption and delivery of early childhood health education programs.

Alabama↗