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PubMedDate not supplied

[A review of the medical equipment displayed at the "Health care-2003" exhibition].

Medical equipment displayed at the "Healthcare-2003" exhibition, that was most representative in the recent years, is surveyed in the paper including the most novel medical devices and apparatuses as well as X-Ray, radiological, intensive-care and neonatal equipment. Besides, outfit for diagnostics, ophthalmology and dentistry, laboratory medical equipment, medical instruments, technological medical equipment and portable medical devices were demonstrated at the exhibition. Therefore, considering the diversity of medical equipment displayed, any medical facility in Russia would be able to choose the devices it needs.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anorexia nervosa and the psychotherapeutic hospital.

This paper illustrates psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapeutic work with persons suffering from severe anorexia nervosa who reside in a psychotherapeutic hospital. Anorexia nervosa in its more drastic forms is here viewed as a circumscribed or "spot" manifestation of borderline and schizophrenic pathology; thus these observations also fall within the framework of the psychotherapeutically committed hospital treatment of a wider range of other severe disorders. An exposition of the following elements is included: (1) individual psychoanalytically informed therapy in a therapeutically conceived milieu; (2) firm encouragement to gain weight and modify vomiting by collaborative and voluntary means, if possible, with emphasis on clarifying the contractual boundaries of responsibility; (3) encouragement of the therapeutic alliance and deemphasis of a static symptom-centered approach; (4) coordinated nursing, medical, laboratory, and dietary staffs in an integrative "holding environment;" (5) limited use of pharmacotherapy, with attention focused consistently on the interactional meanings of prescribed medication; (6) physical separation of patient from family. An integrated framework for addressing and pursuing the multiple issues, dimensions, and layerings inherent in intensive psychotherapy with severely anorexic patients in an open hospital environment is presented and is intended as a paradigm for the treatment of other severe disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A computer system for cytology in a private laboratory using a PDP 8/E minicomputer.

A computer software package written in Dibol for a PDP 8/E computer is described that is designed for the needs of the cytology department of a moderate-sized private medical laboratory. Computerized accessioning of cases, report preparation and printing, historical filing, activity summary reports, and direct patient and physician billing are provided by the relatively inexpensive system. The software has been in use for over two years in our cytology department and has resulted in increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and quality of reports.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed1979

Voluntary accreditation of hospital laboratories: a new approach by JCAH.

Since January 1979, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals has accepted the CAP Inspection and Accreditation Program as evidence of compliance with the newly revised JCAH standard for Pathology and Medical Laboratory Services. In this article, the authors recall the events that led up to the Joint Commission's acceptance of CAP accreditation, and they explain how an inspection conducted by the CAP differs from that conducted by the JCAH.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance, an administrative means to a managerial end: Part II. The JCAHO ten-step process--selecting indicators of quality.

This is the second of a series of articles on medical laboratory quality assurance (QA). It provides a synopsis of the federal regulations and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standards that are driving health-care QA at the laboratory level. The article also reviews the role of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) in laboratory accreditation and QA. This article explains the JCAHO ten-step process in detail. The Joint Commission model can be extremely helpful in designing a QA program and is a very practical template for a QA plan. Understanding the ten-step model, as well as the path of work flow, is essential to selecting meaningful laboratory indicators. Current concepts of quality, quality control (QC), and QA in the health-care industry are still in the developmental stage. Consequently, semantic differences of opinion exist among many laboratorians in regard to QA nomenclature and methods. These ambiguities have been generated, partly, by an extremely rapid evolution of federal and JCAHO guidelines. A major "gray" area exists in defining quality, QC and QA, and methods of quality management. The author has adhered closely to the definitions and nomenclature of the JCAHO to resolve some of the ambiguity. The reader also can review definitions that are presented in detail in the first part of this series (1). The source of most of the following information is federal, JCAHO, and CAP documentation. Some of the information in this article reflects personal managerial experience offered in the hope that it will be of some practical assistance to the reader.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2006

Verification of the IDI-MRSA assay for detecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in diverse specimen types in a core clinical laboratory setting.

The IDI-MRSA assay has a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 96% when used to screen patients at extranasal sites. This verification study used previously unverified swabs and was undertaken in a core medical laboratory using nonmicrobiology technologists trained in sample processing, molecular laboratory work flow, and PCR practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Waste disposal from medical practices and laboratories].

The major part of wastes from medical practices can be classified as refuse without any further consideration or it can be used for recycling. However, certain waste products need a specific treatment; most of all, there are waste products that are infectious or that could mechanically cause injuries due to their design. The amount of infectious wastes that could be established in our waste-separation-model was extremely small and therefore, can easily be added to the refuse after adequate disinfection. Only practitioners themselves can decide on the spot which wastes need or not need to be disinfected.

Austria↗
PubMed2004

Immunoassay of estradiol: unanticipated suppression by unconjugated estriol.

BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of estradiol is important in clinical settings. The quality of laboratory estimations of estradiol may be assessed through external quality-assurance surveys. METHODS: Estradiol was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) and other immunoassays. Proficiency testing of medical laboratories was conducted using samples prepared from normal male human serum supplemented with exogenous estradiol and other steroid and nonsteroid hormones, and participant laboratories measured estradiol by a variety of commonly used immunoassay techniques. RESULTS: The imprecision (CV) for measurement of estradiol [100-300 ng/L (367-1102 pmol/L)] was </=22% for most analytical techniques. Greater imprecision, as high as 40% for the same concentration range, was observed for the (AxSYM) MEIA method in the proficiency testing event of September 2001. Results from this method were bimodal in distribution. We found that unconjugated estriol at concentrations >1.5 microg/L (>5.2 nmol/L) interfered with the MEIA method, leading to decreased recovery of added estradiol by up to 50%. This suppression in estradiol measurement was prevented by dilution of the specimen before measurement. Addition of unconjugated estriol gave a positive bias in some other immunoassay methods for estradiol. Poor comparability among the immunoassay methods for measurement of estradiol at clinically relevant concentrations [ approximately 60 ng/L (220 pmol/L)] was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: A negative interference of unconjugated estriol with the MEIA method is a source of error for estradiol measurement. Lack of specificity and lack of comparability among immunoassay methods for estradiol may have detrimental effects on medical practice.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1991

Infections in British clinical laboratories, 1988-1989.

During 1988-89 this continuing survey showed 18 infections in the staff of laboratories reporting from 166 centres, representing 21,756 person-years of exposure. Shigella and other bowel infections (one caused by S typhi) predominated, affecting 11 microbiology medical laboratory scientific officers. Three shigella infections originated from quality control samples. Pulmonary tuberculosis affected four workers, including two mortuary technicians, but without detected occupational exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other infections included one caused by Brucella melitensis. Hepatitis was not reported. The sustained low level of hepatitis is encouraging and suggests a low risk to staff of bloodborne infections such as human immunodeficiency virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The life and death of laboratory teaching of medical physiology: a personal narrative. Part I.

Part I of this essay sketches the history of laboratory teaching of medical physiology in England from the perspective of the author as a student at Oxford from 1935 to 1938. The systematic laboratory teaching that began in the 1870s at University College London under William Sharpey was carried to Oxford, as well as to other English and Scottish universities, by Sharpey's junior colleagues. C. S. Sherrington added mammalian experiments, and C. G. Douglas and J. G. Priestley added experiments on human subjects. The author describes his experience as a student in the Oxford courses and tells how he learned physiology by teaching it from 1941 to 1943 in the laboratory course established at the University of Pennsylvania by Oxford-trained physiologist Cuthbert Bazett.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1995

A laboratory rotation for medical house officers. Bridging the gap.

In an attempt to improve physicians' laboratory practice behavior, the Department of Hospital Laboratories at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center developed a rotation for first year housestaff. Medical interns were chosen for this pilot program because they are the most frequent users of our laboratory facilities. Rotations provide an overview of the laboratory organization, quality control and assurance, appropriate use of laboratory testing, cost containment, and an introduction to different laboratory disciplines. As assessed by discussions during an interview following completion of the program, the participants have shown an increased understanding of how a modern hospital laboratory functions and of the complexity of services provided. The respect for the laboratory staff and confidence in test results issued have increased, and house officers are more likely to use laboratory services in a more cost-efficient manner.

Blood Banks↗